研究生學術英語寫作 課件 Chapter 2 Introduction

Chapter2IntroductionGraduateAcademicEnglishWritingContentsDefinitionofanIntroduction1ImportanceofanIntroduction

2StructureofanIntroduction3MajorElementsofanIntroduction4BasicVerbTensesinIntroduction51.DefinitionofanIntroduction

Placedatthebeginningofapaper

Guidingreaderstothespecifictopic

Explainingscope,context,andimportanceProvidingnecessarypreliminaryinformationEnsuringreaders’understandingbeforegettinginsightintothe

researchfindings

Helpingreadersunderstandthetopic’sbackground

Explainingthesignificanceofthepaper

OfferingaguidefortherestofthepaperArousingreaders’interest2.ImportanceofanIntroductionFunnel-shapedStructurefromgeneraltospecificfrombroadoverviewtospecificresearchfocus3.

StructureofanIntroductionFunnel-shapedStructureGeneralSpecificExample:Readtheintroductionofaresearchpaperintheexampleandthinkabouthowtheintroductionpresentsthefunnel-shapedstructure.3.

StructureofanIntroductionSwales&Feak(2012:331)proposedtheCARS(Create-a-Research-Space)Modelforintroduction.Themodelconsistsofthreemovesthathelpidentifythebackground,motivationandfocusoftheresearch.3.

StructureofanIntroductionTheCARSModelMove1:Establishingaresearchterritorya.byshowingthatthegeneralresearchareaisimportant,central,interesting,problematic,orrelevantinsomeway(optional)b.byintroducingandreviewingitemsofpreviousresearchinthearea(obligatory)3.

StructureofanIntroductionTheCARSModelMove2:Establishinganiche

byindicatingagapinthepreviousresearch,raisingaquestionaboutit,orbyextendingpreviousknowledgeinsomeway(obligatory)3.

StructureofanIntroductionTheCARSModelMove3:Occupyingthenichea.byoutliningpurposesorstatingthenatureofthepresentresearch(obligatory)b.bylistingresearchquestionsorhypotheses(optional)c.byannouncingprincipalfindings(optional)d.bystatingthevalueofthepresentresearch(optional)e.byindicatingthestructureoftheresearchpaper(optional)3.

StructureofanIntroductionTheCARSModelExample:ReadtheexampleagainandanalyzeitaccordingtotheCARSmodel.3.

StructureofanIntroductionExampleMove1:EstablishingaresearchterritoryMove1a:Sentences1-21showtheimportanceoftheresearchareaMove1b:Sentences22-23reviewthepreviousresearchMove2:EstablishinganicheSentence23indicatesthegapofpreviousresearchMove3:OccupyingthenicheMove3a:Sentences24-25statethepurposeofthepresentresearchMove3d:Sentences26-28statethevalueofthepresentresearch

Establishingthecontext,backgroundand/orimportanceofthetopic;TheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemiccausedlivestreamteachingtobecomethemajorteachingmethodformostschoolsanduniversitiesinChina.Duringlivestreamteaching,teachersexperiencedsuccessfulinstructionaladaptationsaswellasnegativefeelings,suchasanxiety.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Definingcertainkeyterms;Digitaltechnologies(DTs)arecombinationsofinformation,computing,communication,andconnectivitytechnologiesthatincludesocial,mobile,analytics,cloudcomputing,internetofthings,artificialintelligence,andblockchaintechnologies.

4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Givingabriefsynopsisoftherelevantliterature;Overthepastthreedecades,manyresearchersandengineershavedevelopedseveralurbaninfrastructuredesignstomeetthedualneedsofpavementstabilityandtreehealth.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Indicatingtheinadequacyofpreviousresearch;Althoughthereismountingevidencethattreesgrowbetterandarehealthierwhenplantedinengineeredsoilsratherthanconventionaltreepits,thereisnoempiricalresearch,toourknowledge,thathasinvestigatedtreestabilityinengineeredsoils.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Establishingthepurposeoftheresearch;Inthispaper,weaimtocollatethecurrentlyavailablestudiesontheoccurrence,sources,analyticalmethods,andecotoxicologicaleffectsofmicroplasticsinterrestrialsoilecosystems.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Listingtheresearchquestions/objectivesorhypotheses;Weaimedtoaddressthefollowingquestionsinthisstudy.(1)DidhighschoolEFLteachersexperienceanxietyinlivestreamteaching?(2)WhattypesofanxietydidtheseEFLteachersexperienceinlivestreamteaching?(3)Howdidteachers’teachinganxietydevelopduringtheirlivestreamteachingfromtheecologicalsystemperspective?4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Introducingthescopeofwork;Inthispaper,weprovidealistofpossiblewaysinwhichChatGPTcanchangethetourismindustry,pointingoutnotonlybenefits,butalsorisks,limitationsandimplicationsforpractitioners.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Providingasynopsisoftheresearchmethod(s);ThecurrentstudyadoptedaqualitativeapproachtofocusonhighschoolEnglishteachersinChinawhoemployedlivestreamteachingastheprimaryteachingmethodduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Explainingthesignificanceorvalueofthestudy;Thefindingsofthisstudywillcontributetothedevelopmentofsustainablesoilmanagementpractices,ensuringthelong-termhealth,productivity,andecologicalintegrityofsoils.4.MajorElementsofanIntroduction

Outliningthestructureofthepaper.Thispaperisdividedintofourparts:thefirstbeingliteraturereview,thenresearchdataandmethodsbeforeresultsanalysis,andfinally,conclusionandrelevantpolicyrecommendation.4.MajorElementsofanIntroductionTherearethreebasicverbtensesusedinresearchpapers:

simplepresent

simplepast

presentperfect5.BasicVerbTensesinIntroductionSimplepresent

forbackgroundknowledgeMicroplasticsposeasignificantenvironmentalthreatduetotheirpoorbiodegradabilityandthegradualreleaseofpollutants.5.BasicVerbTensesinIntroductionSimplepresentforstatinggeneralizationsorconclusionsNolinguiststudiestheuseoflanguagewithoutthestudyofcontext.Thiscanbereflectedfromthestatementsoncontextinthepasthalfacenturyandmore.5.BasicVerbTensesinIntroductionSimplepresentforintroducingthepurpose,scope,contributionsofthepresentworkThecurrentstudyextendsthepreviousresearchbyexaminingthepersonalitypredictorsofenvironmentalconcerninamuchlargercommunitysampleofGermanadults.5.BasicVerbTensesinIntroductionSimplepastfordescribingwhatwasdoneinthepastThestudyabroadstartedinthe1950sandearly1970ssawsubstantialworkonmotivation.5.BasicVerbTensesinIntroductionSimplepastfordescribingthemethodsusedinastudyoran