Unit3 Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：必修一Unit3(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)詞匯課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.fitness：fit+-ness2.soccer：英式足球，football3.badminton：詞源：原本是個(gè)地名，是英國(guó)DukeofBeaufortBadminton莊園。當(dāng)時(shí)的莊園主人改造了網(wǎng)球球拍，并在莊園中用其招待賓客。因此，羽毛球這種運(yùn)動(dòng)迅速在英國(guó)發(fā)展起來。由于它起源于badminton莊園，所以人們把它稱作badminton。4.marathon：詞源：公元前490年，波斯帝國(guó)皇帝大流士率領(lǐng)入侵希臘，逼近希臘雅典。雙方在雅典城東北六十公里外的馬拉松（Marathon）平原展開激戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)役中，希臘聯(lián)軍打敗了波斯軍隊(duì)，戰(zhàn)士Pheidippides從Marathon一路不停奔跑將這一喜迅?jìng)鬟_(dá)給雅典后力竭而死。為了紀(jì)念他，在1896年首次在雅典舉行的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上設(shè)置了這一比賽項(xiàng)目，即marathonrace，并把戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)至雅典的距離42,195米定為馬拉松競(jìng)賽的長(zhǎng)度。5.event：精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義“重大事件”熟詞生義“比賽項(xiàng)目”6.host：host+-ess；名詞動(dòng)詞化7.track：一詞多義，基本義“痕跡”

意為“足跡”時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)

詞塊：trackandfieldevents

名詞動(dòng)詞化：trackdown8.workout：一詞多義，基本義“做出”；通過out（出）理解9.sweat：名詞動(dòng)詞化10.

makeit：與to搭配11.legend：詞塊：legendhasitthat…=it’ssaidthat…12.master：名詞動(dòng)詞化；詞源義“主人；控制者”→“能手”“大師”（控制知識(shí)和技能的人）→精通

13.setanexample：詞塊：seta(good)exampletosb14.honour：詞塊：inhonourof,it’san/one’shonourtodosth,feelhonouredtodosth

名詞動(dòng)詞化15.medal：詞塊：agold/silver/bronzemedal16.構(gòu)詞法：champion—championship17.determination：determine—determination18.fallapart：apart意為“成碎片”19.詞族：injure,injury,injured20.captain：來自詞根cap(頭)，詞源同chief一詞多義：首領(lǐng)；隊(duì)長(zhǎng)；船長(zhǎng)；機(jī)長(zhǎng)；上校21.graceful：grace+-ful22.strength：詞族：strong,strength,strengthen

一詞多義，基本義“力量”23.failure：fail—failure反義詞：success

抽象名詞具體化24.giveup：up表示“徹底”“完結(jié)”eventworkout重難點(diǎn)詞精講strength辨析義英語釋義一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義makeit

honour

一詞多義一詞多義fail&failureaparttrack一詞多義搭配義一詞多義event

多義詞event都有哪些釋義呢？

重大事件；(發(fā)生的)

事情sthhappens,especiallysthimportantorunusual：Itiseasytobewiseaftertheevent.Yearsago,animportanteventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.2016江蘇改event

n[C]

公開活動(dòng)；比賽項(xiàng)目；體育比賽：Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.trackandfieldeventsThe2008OlympicGamesarethebiggestsportingeventeverheldinBeijing.辨accident,incident,event三者都含有“事件”之意。accident

多指偶然或意外發(fā)生的不幸的事情。?atrafficaccidentincident

既可指小事件或小插曲，又可指政治上有影響的事件或事變。?Hecouldremembereveryincidentingreatdetail.?theLugouqiaoIncident盧溝橋事變event

尤指歷史上的重大事件，還可以表示國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的大事以及體育比賽項(xiàng)目。?thechiefeventsof2020

?The800metresisnothisbestevent.track?

n[C]

[常用復(fù)數(shù)]

足跡；軌跡；車轍：followsb’stracks

Wesawwildanimals’tracksnearthecave.

小路；小徑：Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownamuddytrack.

(鐵路)軌道；滑軌：railwaytracks

跑道；徑賽運(yùn)動(dòng)：Theyranfivetimesroundthetrack.trackandfieldevents田徑項(xiàng)目keeptrackof與……保持聯(lián)系；了解……的動(dòng)態(tài)：Theyreadthenewspaperseverydaytokeeptrackofcurrentevents.losetrackof失去……的線索；與……失去聯(lián)系；忘記：Thepolicehavelosttrackofthecriminals.IhadsomuchfunthatIlosttrackoftime.?vt

跟蹤；追蹤：Zactracksdownthemedals’rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.2019浙江改名詞動(dòng)詞化track語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖足跡；痕跡基本義人、動(dòng)物、車輛等經(jīng)過后留下的痕跡足跡；軌跡；車轍被踩出的痕跡運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)的痕跡徑賽運(yùn)動(dòng)小路；小徑跑道和跑道有關(guān)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤；追蹤vJason___________________

(鍛煉)twoorthreetimesaweek.exercisesdoes/takesexercise/大家回想一下，“鍛煉”可以用哪些英語詞匯來表達(dá)呢？worksout

算出(calculate)；總共達(dá)：I’mjusttryingtoworkouthowmuchIspendeachmonth.

解決(solve)；把……弄清楚：Toworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRusellseveraltimes.2014陜西

制定(出)：Trainedexerciseteacherscanhelpyouworkoutatrainingplanandkeepyouactive.

產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；被證明有效todeveloporprogress,especiallyinagoodway：EverythingworkedoutOKintheend.

鍛煉；訓(xùn)練：Igotothesportsclubandworkoutonceaweek.workout做出基本義work

(做)+out(出來)workout語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖做出計(jì)算做出問題做出計(jì)劃做出運(yùn)動(dòng)做出效果算出；總共達(dá)解決；把……弄清楚制定(出)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；被證明有效鍛煉；訓(xùn)練makeitmakeit

做到；成功：Aslongasyouhaveadream,keeptryingandyou’llmakeit.2014山東

(尤指在困難情況下)

準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)；趕上：Theflightleavesintwentyminutes—we’llnevermakeit.

渡過難關(guān)：Shaydidn’tmakeittoanothersummeranddiedthatwinter.2011江蘇

[口語]

能參加；能出席：I’msorryIdidn’tmakeittoyourpartylastnight.做到基本義makeit做到事情做到準(zhǔn)時(shí)做到克服困難做到；成功(尤指在困難情況下)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)；趕上能參加；能出席makeit語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖渡過難關(guān)做到參加活動(dòng)hono(u)r

[U]

[常用單數(shù)][正式用語]榮幸；[U]

榮譽(yù)；[C]榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)：Itismy/anhonor

to

beheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.2014江西書面表達(dá)改achieve/attain/gainhonourTheathletescompetedforthe

honourof

theircountries.ShewaschosenforthenationalhonourofTeacheroftheYear.hono(u)r

n

[U]尊敬；敬意

greatrespectandadmirationforsb/sth：holdsbinhonourWehadagreatpartytoshowhonourtothefamousscientist.

[U]正義感；道義thequalityofknowinganddoingwhatismorallyright：amanofhonouramatter/point/questionofhonour

[與不定冠詞連用]光榮的人/事：She’sanhonourtoherfamilyandhercountry.常見搭配havethehonourof(doing)sth：MayIhavethehonourofthisdance?inhonourofsb/insb’shonour：

Aceremonywasheldinthosesoldiers’honour.

使……感到榮幸；[正式用語]給予……榮譽(yù)：ShehasbeenhonouredwiththeStaroftheWeekforherexcellentwork.

向……表達(dá)敬意；尊重：Inamarriage,youneedtohonouroneanother.hono(u)r

vtbe/feelhonouredtodosth做某事感到榮幸：Ifeelveryhonouredtohavebeenabletotakeonthisrole.honour的語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖榮幸；榮譽(yù)；榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)光榮的人/事尊敬；敬意正義感；道義honour使……感到榮幸；給予……榮譽(yù)向……表達(dá)敬意；尊重vn

相隔地；相距地：Thebuildingsstoodseveralmilesapart.

Ourbirthdaysareexactlyamonthapart.

分開地；分離：Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown.

2013全國(guó)Ican’ttellthetwinsapart.

零散地；成碎片地：Rodlovestakingapartclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.2012遼寧改I’msorry,thecupjustcameapartinmyhands.

Hismarriagefellapart.

apartadvapartfrom

除……外(別無)；若不：Apartfromthem,Ihadnoonetotalkto.

除……外(尚有)：Apartfrombeingthekingdomofflowers,Yunnanprovinceishometomanyethnicminoritygroups.

人教新必修③–3beworldsapart完全不同；截然不同：Theirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.2012天津fallapart散架；瓦解：Ithinkthisoldchairisfallingapart.

Thedealfellapartwhenwefailedtoagreeonaprice.strength詞源strength的詞源義為

“bodilypower”，即“力量”。strength既可指人的身強(qiáng)力壯(physicallystrong)，比如說你可以做100個(gè)俯臥撐，也可指人內(nèi)心的強(qiáng)大

(mentallystrong)。構(gòu)詞法：strong→strength→strengthenstrengthn?[U]體力；力氣thequalityofbeingphysicallystrong：Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.2011

天津PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuildupone’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.

2009浙江人身體的“力量”

[U]意志力：

innerstrength/strengthofwillIhopeyouhave/findthestrengthtostartalloveragain.

[U]實(shí)力：Politicalpowerdependsuponeconomicstrength.人內(nèi)在的“力量”國(guó)家等集體的“力量”

[C]優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長(zhǎng)處：Eachofushasourownstrengthsandweaknesses.2009浙江

[C]&[U]強(qiáng)度；濃度【重要搭配】gofromstrengthtostrength不斷壯大：Thecompanyhasgonefromstrengthtostrengthsinceitwasestablishedfiveyearsago.人格的“力量”物體或液體的“力量”strength的語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖力量基本義strength人身體的“力量”人內(nèi)在的“力量”體力；力氣意志力實(shí)力強(qiáng)度；濃度優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長(zhǎng)處國(guó)家等集體的“力量”人格的“力量”物體或液體的“力量”由個(gè)體到群體由具象到抽象由表及里由人到物基本義詞匯拓展strengthen

vt&vi加強(qiáng)；鞏固Thewindwasstrengthening.Ibelievethatthismagazinewillsurelystrengthenourties.strength加后綴-en變成動(dòng)詞反

weaken

：漫威系列電影中有一位超級(jí)英雄——美國(guó)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)（CaptainAmerica）。他原本是個(gè)瘦弱的青年，注射超級(jí)血清后，成為了一名超級(jí)士兵。CaptainAmerica他有著超越常人的體能。Hehassuperhumanphysicalstrength.他有著堅(jiān)定的信念和非凡的意志力。Hehasafirmbeliefandownsremarkablestrengthofwill.他有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：正直、勇敢、堅(jiān)持和高尚的品德。Hehasmanystrengths:honesty,bravery,persistenceandgreatcharacter.一群超級(jí)英雄聚集在一起組成了非常有實(shí)力的群體——復(fù)仇者聯(lián)盟。AgroupofsuperheroesjointogetherandmaketheAvengers,agroupwithgreatstrength.美國(guó)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)的盾牌由“振金”制成，強(qiáng)度(strengths)很高，能抵抗雷神之錘的攻擊。failure溫斯頓·丘吉爾(WinstonChurchill),英國(guó)政治家、歷史學(xué)家、演說家，1940年至1945年和1951年至1955年兩度出任英國(guó)首相，被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最重要的政治領(lǐng)袖之一，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國(guó)人民贏得了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。成功并不是終點(diǎn)，失敗也不會(huì)致命，真正重要的是繼續(xù)走下去的勇氣。

——溫斯頓·丘吉爾failv

vt&vi失敗；沒做成tonotsucceedinachievingsth

(反succeed)：Itisveryimportanttofindoutwhyyoufailedtoachieveyourgoal.

vi

未做tonotdosth：Ineverfailtophonemyparentsontheirbirthdays.

vt&vi沒有通過(考試)；不及格；評(píng)定(某人)不及格

(反pass)：Ipassedhistorybutfailedchemistry.Herworkwassobadthattheteacherhadnochoicebuttofailher.3940

vi

出故障；失靈tostopworking：Hesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram’sbrakesfailed.?

vi

[常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)]

(健康、體力、視力等)衰退；減弱tobecomeweak：Hiseyesightisfailing.Shehassufferedfromfailing

health.?vt使失望

(letdown)；使無能為力：Whenweneededhishelp,hefailedus.Wordsfailedme(=IcouldnotexpresshowIfelt)whenIwantedtoexpressmythankstohim.n[C]

(考試)不及格

(反pass)withoutfail必定；總是；務(wù)必失??；未能做fail（基本義）“未能”完成某事身體功能等“失敗”考試“失敗”失??；沒做成沒有通過(考試)；不及格；評(píng)定(某人)不及格(健康、體力、視力等)衰退；減弱fail語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“未能”做某事未做機(jī)器等運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)“失敗”出故障；失靈“未能”達(dá)到期望使失望

；使無能為力42失??；未能做出故障；失靈失敗；沒做到故障；失靈失敗的人/事failfailure抽象名詞具體化43failure

n

[U]失敗

(反success)：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Allhiseffortsendedinfailure.

Sheisdepressedbyhercontinued

failureto

findajob.

[C]失敗的人/事

(反success)：Neverthinkofyourselfasafailure.

[U]&[C]沒做到：FailuretoobserveallParkrulescouldresultinbeingdrivenoutofthePark.2013江蘇

[U]&[C]故障；失靈：thepower/enginefailureParishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.2017北京抽象名詞具體化Failuredoesn’tmeanyouareafailure,

Itdoesmeanyouhaven’tsucceededyet.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyouhaveaccomplishednothing,

Itdoesmeanyouhavelearnedsomething.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyouhavebeenafool,

Itdoesmeanyouhadalotoffaith.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyou’vebeendisgraced,

Itdoesmeanyouwerewillingtotry.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyoudon’thaveit,

Itdoesmeanyouhavetodosomethinginadifferentway.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyouareinferior,

Itdoesmeanyouarenotperfect.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyou’vewastedyourlife,

Itdoesmeanyouhaveareasontostartafresh.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyoushouldgiveup,

Itdoesmeanyoumusttryharder.

Failuredoesn’tmeanyou’llnevermakeit,

Itdoesmeanitwilltakealittlelonger.

Failuredoesn’tmeanGodhasabandonedyou,

ItdoesmeanGodhasabetteridea.失敗并不代表你是個(gè)失敗者，它只表明你尚未成功。失敗并不代表你一無所獲，它只表明你吸取了一次教訓(xùn)。失敗并不代表你很愚蠢，它只表明你信心百倍。失敗并不代表你無臉見人，它只表明你百折不回。失敗并不代表你工夫白費(fèi)，它只表明你的做事方法尚待改進(jìn)。失敗并不代表你低人一等。它只表明你并非完人。

失敗并不代表你浪費(fèi)生命，它只表明你有理由重新開始。失敗并不代表你應(yīng)該放棄，它只表明你要加倍努力。失敗并不代表成功永不屬于你，它只表明你要付出更多的時(shí)間。失敗并不代表上帝已經(jīng)拋棄你，它只表明上帝還有更好的主意。Failuredoesn’tmean失敗并不代表

作者簡(jiǎn)介羅伯特·舒樂博士(Dr.RobertH.Schuller)1926年9月16日出生于美國(guó)愛荷華州的一個(gè)荷裔農(nóng)場(chǎng)家庭。他是美國(guó)水晶大教堂(TheCrystalCathedral)的創(chuàng)始人、大主教。舒樂博士被克林頓、布什總統(tǒng)等人稱為“精神導(dǎo)師”，常被白宮邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谥卮蠡顒?dòng)中主持禱告儀式。水晶大教堂的主體結(jié)構(gòu)由一萬塊透明玻璃組成，有“世界上最壯美的十大教堂之一”的美譽(yù)。隨堂檢測(cè)event一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Leavinghomewasamajoreventinhislife. ________2.Themeetingwasanimportantsocialevent.________3.Thisyear’sOlympicGameswillbethebiggestsportingevent.

________4.The800metresisthefourtheventoftheafternoon._________二、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。(accident,event)1.Over70,000peopleareseriouslyinjuredeveryyearinroad__________.2.Theelection

(選舉)wasthemain__________of2020.大事體育賽事社會(huì)活動(dòng)比賽項(xiàng)目accidentsevent1.We__________________________(跟著熊留下的足跡)inthesnow.2.Asajournalist,hehasto____________________(了解)eventsallovertheMiddleEast.3.Celebrities(名人)worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystartto_____________(忘記)

whotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem.(2013北京)4.Thelongest_____________________(田徑項(xiàng)目)

attheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk.(2020全國(guó))一、根據(jù)所給提示，完成下列句子。

trackfollowedthebear’strackskeeptrackoflosetrackoftrackandfieldevent二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Aftermygraduation,Dad’sbusinesswasgettingbackontrack.(2015陜西) __________2.WithintwoyearsafterherarrivalinCanada,DianaatlastachievedheroriginalgoalwhenhernewstoreopeneditsdoorsinToronto’sSheppardCentre.Shewasonthefast-tracktosuccess.(2011福建)

__________

3.ThepresidentoftheAustralasianSocietyfortheStudyofObesitysaidparentsneededhelpindoingtheirjobandtheOppositionParty’spolicymightbeontherighttrack. __________步入正軌

成功在望

做法對(duì)路

workout寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Let’sworkouthowmuchbeerweneed.________2.Thetravellingexpensesworkoutat

12dollarsperdayeach. ________3.Canyouworkoutwhatthesewordsmean?________4.Thingsjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.________5.Workoutatagymorswimtwiceaweek._________總共達(dá)進(jìn)展順利弄清楚鍛煉算出makeit寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Heneverreallymadeitasanactor.________2.Leonardmadearapidcalculation:he’dnevermakeitintime. ________3.Thedoctorthinkhe’sgoingtomakeit.________4.I’msorryIwon’tbeabletomakeittothepartytonight.________趕上參加渡過難關(guān)成功honour一、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Earlierthisyear,I________________

(有幸)meetingthePresident.2.Apartywillbeheld________________(為向……表示敬意)theprince.二、根據(jù)所給詞塊或提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.我們?yōu)槲覀儑?guó)家的榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)。Wefought

ourcountry.2.大駕光臨，深感榮幸。(itisone’s/anhonourtodosth)__________________________________________forthehonourofItismy/an/agreathonourtohaveyouhere.hadthehonourofinhonourof1.ButonaJanuarynightin2009,Inkydidsomethingthatwould____________________(使她有別于)ordinarycatsforever.(2012遼寧)2.DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplan____________________(破裂).(2011山東改)3.____________________(除了)

goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.(2011福建)setherapartfrom根據(jù)所給漢語，用apart的詞塊完成下列句子。fellapartapartApartfrom一、寫出下列句子中strength的釋義。1.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphisstrength.________2.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.(2013湖南) ________3.Thestrengthofacountrydoesnotrestuponeconomicdevelopmentalone;itrestsuponeducation,atleasttothesameextent.________4.Baijiu(白酒)issimilartovodka(伏特加)intermsofits