Unit4 Listening and Speaking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：必修一Unit4(ListeningandSpeaking)詞匯課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.disaster：詞塊：anaturaldisaster2.slide：一詞多義：基本義“滑動”；名詞“滑梯”熟詞生義：幻燈片3.flood：隱喻：具體的“洪水”到抽象的“大量/大批”名詞動詞化（基本義“像洪水一樣涌入”）4.rescue：近義詞save

詞塊：rescueworkers,cometosb’srescue,rescuesbfrom5.damage：精準的漢語釋義“損害；損壞”

詞塊：cause/dodamageto6.destroy：de-(down向下)+struere(build建，同structure)→

破壞建筑的結構→毀壞精準的漢語釋義“毀壞”7.evacuate：ex-(out向外)+vacuus(empty空的)→疏散8.helicopter：拓展plane,aeroplane,airplane,aircraft9.death：詞族：die,dead,death,dying

詞塊：bebored/scared/frightenedtodeath10.affect：熟詞生義：使感動；使感染(疾病)11.shelter：一詞多義：基本義“提供保護的建筑”

詞塊：takeshelterfrom；抽象名詞具體化

名詞動詞化：shelter…from重難點詞精講damage,destroy,ruin精準的漢語釋義辨析義affect,effect辨析義一詞多義shelterfloodrescue一詞多義搭配義flood■n

[C]&[U]洪水；水災：Theriverwasinflood.

Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.

[C]大批；大量：floodsofrain

Asimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.2009江蘇■v?

vi&vt

(被)淹沒；(使)泛濫：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.

vi

(洪水般地)涌進(pour)：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.2010陜西改Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.2009遼寧?

flooded

adj洪水泛濫的?

flooding

n[U]水災；洪水泛濫■vt

營救：Shewasrescuedfromaburningbuilding.

■n[U]&[C]救援；營救：cometosb’srescue

Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.rescue辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可謂是形影不離的好朋友，想表達“遭到破壞”到底用哪個詞才對呢？我們先來看一篇學生習作。?

[U]損害；損壞；損失harmorinjurycausedwhensthisbrokenorspoiled：

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.

2008全國

[C][復數(shù)]

損害賠償金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■損害；損壞：(名詞動化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.側重“損”，可修復damagevt?

毀壞；摧毀；毀掉todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.destroyvt

消滅；殺死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.側重“毀”，無法修復destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破壞一棟建筑的結構意味著毀掉這棟建筑“被雨水毀了的頭發(fā)”，用哪個詞呢？Therainruinedmyhair.頭發(fā)還在，只是“美好的發(fā)型”被毀了。在這里，理解英語釋義也很重要?！?/p>

destroy:

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists·ruin:todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.?

糟蹋；(完全地)毀壞

todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.：Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.

使破產(chǎn)

tomakesbloseallhis/hermoney：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n?

[U]毀滅；破產(chǎn)：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C][常用復數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡；殘余：theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成廢墟；嚴重受損：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.文化拓展意大利的古羅馬廢墟

(theruinsofRome)，位于斗獸場之旁，是昔日古羅馬帝國的中心，是現(xiàn)存世界最大面積的古羅馬廢墟。這座于公元72年由4萬名戰(zhàn)俘用8年時間建起來的巨大建筑，雖然毀壞嚴重，殘破不堪，卻是人類建筑史上的杰作。它的形狀很像今天的體育場，近50米高的外圍墻是用磚石砌成的三層石柱拱廊，周圍有80個出入口，里面的階梯式座位能同時容納5.5萬名觀眾。小結運用精準的漢語釋義和英語釋義區(qū)分damage,destroy和ruin?！鬱amage的名詞和動詞都側重“損”，表示可修復，常和badly、seriously等副詞搭配；◆

destroy側重“毀”，表示不可修復，不復存在，常和completely、entirely等副詞搭配；◆

ruin側重“毀壞”，使美好的事物失去用途或優(yōu)良特性，盡管此物仍然存在。頭發(fā)經(jīng)常燙、染，容易損傷（damage）頭發(fā)，需要做護理修復。燙壞、燙焦，頭發(fā)就毀（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做個美美的發(fā)型出門，遇到大雨，頭發(fā)還在，但發(fā)型被毀（ruin）了。affect

影響toinfluencesb/sth：(基本義）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被動語態(tài)]

使感動；打動：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemoved

使感染(疾病)

toattacksborapartofthebody;tomakesbbecomeill/sick：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.affect

語義網(wǎng)絡圖affect影響基本義對精神的“影響”對身體的“影響”使感動；打動

使感染(疾病)影響對人或物的“影響”effectR3n[C]&[U]結果；效應；作用；影響：greenhouseeffect

Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.

2010浙江Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.

2012四川bring/put...intoeffect實施；實行ineffect

在實施中；有效：Somelawsfromtheeighteenthcenturyarestillineffect.

實際上；事實上：“Haveaniceday”isawonderfulphrase,remindingus,ineffect,toenjoythemoment.詞匯拓展?effectiveR3

adj有效的反ineffective；生效的：takeeffectivemeasures/steps

ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.

2015廣東?effectivelyadv

有效地?effectivenessn[U]有效性takeeffect生效

(comeintoeffect)；起作用：Thesemeasuresarejustbeginningtotakeeffect.

詞語辨析affect/effect

affect（動詞）=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影響某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名詞）=result,influence；作用；影響：

Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?

sheltern

[C]

遮蓋物；躲避處；避難所：（暫時性）Weshouldfindashelterfrom

thewind.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.

[U]

居所；住處：Food,clothing,fuelandshelterarethefourmostbasichumanneeds.

2011湖北改

[U]

保護；掩蔽；庇護：find/takeshelterfromtherainTheywerestandingundertheshelterof

ahugetree.

掩蔽；保護：Graduationrepresentsmovingfromtheshelteredlifeofhighschoolintotherealworld.

shelter...from:Treeswereplantedtoshelterthisareafromstrongsandstorms.

vi躲避；避難：Wesatintheshade,shelteringfrom

thesun.名詞動化vtshelter的語義網(wǎng)絡由具體到抽象為人們提供長期遮風避雨的地方為人們提供暫時的遮風避雨或避難的地方提供保護的建筑物(基本義)名詞動詞現(xiàn)代英語中很多名詞可轉化為動詞，常表示具有該名詞的活動特點或性質特征的動作。其中有一類是表示地點或場所的名詞轉化為動詞。讀下面的句子，體會畫線詞的含義：AssoonasIhadparkedthecar,Irushedintothebank.2008北京ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil.2014浙江Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped

inthemountainsfortwodays.2018北京Iwaswrapped(包裹)heavilyandwellsheltered

fromthefreezingandblowingweather.2014四川Ihadroomed

withhiminNewHavenwhenwewerebothatYaleLawSchool.名詞動化隨堂檢測寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobs.(2010福建) ___________2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-stricken

areaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012重慶) ___________3.Theraincausedthestreetstofloodandthesubwaysystemalmostcametoastop.(2008山東) ___________4.Donationsbeganfloodingin

fromhundredsofpeople.(2017天津) ___________flood大量的/大批的洪水泛濫的地區(qū)被淹沒大量涌入rescue

漢譯英。1.救援人員______________________2.營救某人(n)______________________3.營救行動______________________4.從……中救出某人

(v)______________________rescueworkerscometosb’srescuerescueeffort/operation/attemptrescuesbfrom1.Thebuswasbadly______________whenithitthewall.2.Thebuildingwascompletely______________byfire.3.Itpouredwithrainandmydressgot______________

4.Thisillnessshas_____________mylife.5.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwas_____________

andtheyhadnothing.(2012山東)6.Thehomelessshelterwasentirely_____________

inthehugeearthquake.一、從方框中選擇合適的單詞填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin1.Thebadweather__________________

(毀了我們的旅行).2.Toomuchpackagingis______________________________(對……造成嚴重損壞)theenvironment.(2010山東)

3.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelievedto___________________(被毀掉)inafirein2009.(2011湖北完成句子)二、根據(jù)所給漢語提示完成下列句子。

doing/causingseriousdamageto

havebeendestroyed

ruinedourtrip一、根據(jù)句意選出affect的最佳釋義。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.①

影響②

[常用于被動語態(tài)]使感動；打動③

使感染(疾病)③①②affect,effect二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Globalwarmingis_____________________(對……產(chǎn)生巨大的影響)hundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.(2012四川)2.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcome__________________(副作用)researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫車)services.(2018北京)3.Accordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkingandheartattackisnotnecessarily__________________(因果關系).4.Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysafterthey__________________(生效).(2009山東)

havingagreateffecton

sideeffect

causeandeffect

takeeffect三、選出適當