Unit4 Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新人教單元：必修二Unit4(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)本單元詞匯梳理1.Confucius：拓展Confucianism(孔子學說，儒教)2.philosophy：philo-(loving愛)+-sophy(knowledge,wisdom智慧)派生詞：philosopher3.individual：in-(不)+-divide(分)+-ual(形容詞詞尾)→不再分割的→單獨的；個人的4.Achilles’heel：阿喀琉斯是荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》中一個半神英雄、希臘聯(lián)軍第一勇士。他是海洋女神忒提斯和英雄珀琉斯之子。他出生后，母親忒提斯為了使他煉成金剛不壞之軀，將其倒提著浸在冥河水中，除被母親所捏的腳踵外，他全身刀槍不入。后來在特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭中，阿喀琉斯被暗箭射中腳踵，因此受傷身亡。Achilles’heel（阿喀琉斯之踵）用來比喻強大人物身上唯一的薄弱之處、致命的死穴或軟肋。5.kingdom：king+-dom(表示領(lǐng)域)

詞塊：theUnitedKingdom6.chief：來自詞根cap(頭)，詞源同captain詞塊：aneditor-in-chief/achiefeditor7.puzzle：詞塊：puzzleover/about;solveapuzzle

派生詞：puzzled,puzzling8.nearby：near+by9.join…to…：近義詞connect…to…10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)：①掙脫(基本義)②

脫離11.belong：詞塊：belongto，不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)派生詞：belonging(asenseofbelonging)belongings(personalbelongings)12.aswellas：主謂一致：aswellas連接主語時，謂語動詞應與aswellas前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致近義詞：inadditionto

13.currency：來自current；詞塊：foreigncurrency14.military：詞塊：takemilitaryaction15.defence：de-(from/away去掉；離開)+-fenc-(hit/strike打擊)+-e→擊擋開→防御；保衛(wèi)詞塊：insb’sdefence/indefenceofsb16.legal：詞族：legal,legally,illegal,illegally17.surround：詞塊：surroundsb/sthwith/bysth,surroundoneselfwithsb/sth 派生詞：surrounding,surroundings18.evidence：e-(向外)+vid-(tosee看)+-ence(表示名詞)→外面看得見的→證據(jù)

同根詞：video

核心句式：thereisevidencethat…(同位語從句）

詞族：evidence,evident,evidently19.achievement：achieve+-ment詞塊：asenseofachievement20.location：locate+-tion；詞族：locate,located,location21.conquer：con-(表示強調(diào))+quer-(tooseek尋求)→一定要尋求到→征服22.battle：batt-(beat打、擊)+-le(名詞詞尾)→戰(zhàn)斗詞塊：fighta(losing)battle,battlewith/against23.port：同根詞：transport(必修一U2)24.fascinating：fascinate(使著迷)+-ing

詞族：fascinate,fascinated,fascinating,fascination25.keepyoureyesopen(forsth)：=keepaneyeout(for)留意；密切注意，是非正式用語，對應watch/lookoutfor重難點詞精講defencebelongaswellasachieve&achievement搭配義搭配義一詞多義surroundbattle一詞多義搭配義搭配義individual熟詞生義individualR3■adj

[只用于名詞前]單獨的；個人的：Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferent.

Itisdifficultforateachertogiveindividualattentiontochildreninalargeclass.

獨特的；與眾不同的：She’sgotaveryindividualwayofdressing.■n[C]個人；個體；人：Together,individualscanmakeadifference.?individualismn[U]個人主義?individualityn[U]個性；特征詞源解讀：in-(不)

+-divide(分)

+-ual形容詞詞尾→不再分割的→單獨的；個人的belongVictorybelongstothemostpersevering.勝利屬于最堅忍的人。 —Napoleon拿破侖·波拿巴（1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），即拿破侖一世（NapoléonI），出生于科西嘉島，十九世紀法國偉大的軍事家、政治家，法蘭西第一帝國的締造者。拿破侖于1804年12月2日加冕稱帝，把共和國變成帝國。在位期間稱“法國人的皇帝”，也是歷史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名號的法國皇帝。belongvi屬(于)；應在(某處)：Putthechairbackwhereitbelongs.

belongto屬于；是……的成員；應歸入：Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandhers.

Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.

MikebelongstotheEnglishclub.

Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.

注：belongto不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。?

belongingn[U]歸屬：asenseofbelonging?belongingsn[C]

[復數(shù)]所有物；財產(chǎn)；財物(possessions)：Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.2008四川aswellas

與……一樣好：IwishIcouldspeakEnglishaswellashecan.

和；也；除……之外：TheweatherinEnglandisverychangeableanditattractstheEnglishaswellastheoutsider.2013重慶改Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.注aswellas連接主語時，謂語動詞應與aswellas前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

[U]防御；保衛(wèi)；防護：Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.

[C]&[U]防務；防御物；防御能力：Thebodyhasnaturaldefencemechanismstoprotectitfromdisease.

[U]&[C]辯護；辯解：Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.

[C](體育運動中的)后衛(wèi)；防守隊員defence/defensen詞源解讀：de-(from/away去掉；離開)

+-fenc-(hit/strike打擊)

+-e→擊擋開→防御；保衛(wèi)defence/defense語義網(wǎng)絡圖

防御；保衛(wèi)；防護基本義具體的防御物

防務；防御物；防御能力

辯護；辯解

后衛(wèi)；防守隊員語言的防御比賽中的防御看圖猜詞surround圍繞

包圍；環(huán)繞；圍困：Tosome,happinessisbeing

surroundedbyfamilyandfriends.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.2016

浙江

與……緊密相關(guān)：someissuessurroundingalcoholabusesurroundvt【詞匯拓展】surroundingadj

[只用于名詞前]周圍的(nearby)：thesurroundingscenerysurroundings

n

[用復數(shù)]周圍的事物；環(huán)境everythingthatisnearoraroundyou(environment)：Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.人教⑤–3生活中的achievementachieve

v

vt

(憑借努力)達到(目標、標準)tosucceedinreachingaparticulargoal,statusorstandard,especiallyaftermucheffort(attain)：

achievesuccess/progressHappinessisachievedthroughhardwork.Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.2014江西書面表達

vt完成tosucceedindoingsthorcausingsthtohappen(accomplish)：Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.Heachievedwhathehadthoughtimpossible.2009北京改

vi獲得成功tobesuccessful：Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.

2009陜西?achievableadj

可達到的；可獲得的achievement

n19

[U]達成；完成theactorprocessofachievingsth：Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.Itisonlytheachievementofthesegoalsthatwillfinallybringlastingpeace.

[C]成就；功績；成績：greatscientificachievementsHewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinphysics.抽象名詞具體化battle“battle”一詞開始作為一個比較大眾的網(wǎng)絡語被大家所熟知，是因為近兩年國內(nèi)綜藝節(jié)目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中國有嘻哈》、《這就是街舞》、《熱血街舞團》。

“battle”一詞常常用于在說唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之間，dancer和dancer之間的一種PK較量，即人與人之間的“戰(zhàn)斗”。battle■

n

[C]&[U]戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗：fight/win/loseabattleNapoleonwasdefeatedattheBattleofWaterloo.

[C]斗爭；較量：along-runninglegalbattleAgoodbeginningishalfthebattle.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.2018北京fightalosingbattle打一場無望取勝的仗batt-(beat打、擊)+-le(反復)→戰(zhàn)斗滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役（1815年反法聯(lián)軍戰(zhàn)勝法國改變歐洲歷史的戰(zhàn)役）這次戰(zhàn)役結(jié)束了拿破侖帝國，也是拿破侖一世的最后一戰(zhàn)；拿破侖戰(zhàn)敗后被放逐至圣赫勒拿島，自此退出歷史舞臺?！?/p>

vt&vi

(與……)斗爭；(與……)

戰(zhàn)斗：battleforTheybattledwith/againstthewindsandwaves.Howdidourancestorsbattlenaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad?【詞匯拓展】battlefieldn[C]戰(zhàn)場；沖突地區(qū)/領(lǐng)域本單元金句匯總1.Together,individualscanmakeadifference.2.Iwonderifitisconvenientforyoutojoinmeinvisitingtheexhibition.3.Victorybelongstothemostpersevering.4.Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.

5.Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.6.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.7.Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.8.Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.9.Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.10.Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.11.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.隨堂檢測寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.(2020山東) ___________2.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.(2019北京) ___________3.Thechildrenarehappybecausetheygetalotmoreindividualattentionandrespondwellbecausesomeonehastimeforthem.(2008上海) ___________4.Thegirlhasaveryindividualwayofdressing. ___________individual(個)人單獨的/單個的個人的/個別的獨特的一、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thehousebelongs______myauntbutshedoesn’tlivehereanymore.2.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoples___________

(belong)totwomajorlanguagegroups.

3.Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir___________

(belong)whentheyleavethecar.

二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.WhenIwasaboy,I_______________(是……的成員)theBoyScouts

(童子軍),soIusedtogocampingeverysummer.2.Inotherwords,gossip(閑聊)issatisfyingbecauseitgivespeople________________________

(歸屬感).(2016浙江)belongtobelongingbelongingsbelongedtoasenseofbelonging根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.艾美和她的兄弟們上周回到村子時受到了熱烈的歡迎。(2019天津)(被動,givesbawelcome)________________________________________________________whenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.愛倫跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一樣好。(2015陜西)(wish)Ellenisafantasticdancer.___________________________________3.這個論壇真的幫助我提高了自信和社交能力，還有我的學習成績。(2013福建改)(grade)Theforumhasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskills______________________________.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomeaswellasIwishIdancedaswellasher.aswellasmyschoolgradesdefence/defense根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.Thelawyerproducedacleverdefenceofhisclient(客戶)._______2.Agooddiethelpsbuildthebody’snaturaldefences._____________3.Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks. _____________4.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?(2015天津) _____________5.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame. ______________防守防御辯護天然抵抗力為……辯護/辯解一、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecast

(預報)sincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.

(2017全國)2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglass-topwoodentable.

(2013四川)3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself______________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.

(2009重慶)4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.surroundingsurroundingsurroundedwithsurround二、根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列句子。1.湖邊樹木環(huán)繞。(被動句)______________________________________2.我很快適應了新的環(huán)境。______________________________________3.

要和積極向上的人在一起，他們會激勵你做得更好。(2016浙江)(who引導的定語從句)______________________________________Thelakeissurroundedbytrees.Isoongotusedtomynewsurroundings.Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。___________1.Yourachievementissomethingtobeproudof.___________2.Theachievementofaparticulargoalmakesyoufeelgoodandcontributestoyourconfidence.

(2013重慶完形)二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。1.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeel___________(成就感).

2.Man’sfirstwalkonthemoonwas__________________________(一項偉大的科技成就).3.Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas______________________(取得重大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.(2015北京改)成就達成；完成achievementasenseofachievementagreattechnologicalachievementmadegreatachievements1.這次期末考試我們?nèi)〉昧藘?yōu)異的成績。___________________________________________2.李華終于實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想，考上了北京大學。______________________________________________________