2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld課時作業(yè)1含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld課時分層作業(yè)(十)Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Somemushroomscontainadeadly(致命的)poison.2．IknowIshouldstopsmoking—don'tgivemealecture(教訓(xùn))aboutit.3．Foodwilllastlongerifkeptinanairtightcontainer(容器).4．Accordingtothetheory(理論)ofrelativity，nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.5．Thereisbroad(廣泛的)supportforthegovernment'spolicies.6．Youmayrefer(參考)toyournotesifyouwant.7．Youmustfinishtheworkwithinthelimited(有限的)time.8．Cyclingishighlybeneficial(有益的)tohealthandtheenvironment.9．Heowedhissurvival(存活)tohisstrengthasaswimmer.10．Wedidalltheworkandshegetsallthecredit(贊揚)!Ⅱ.閱讀理解AMostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize，especiallytheNobelPeacePrize，butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel.Hewasagreatscientistandinventorhimself.Besides，hehadabigbusiness.Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomethingthatsurprisesyou？ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?ThoughAlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons，hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.HewasoneoftherichestinEurope.Whenhediedin1896，heletbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill，mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.WeknowthemastheNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthewinnerstobechosenfortheirwork，notthecountrytheycamefrom.AlfredNobelhadgivenhiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts，buthelettheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.【語篇解讀】艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾把他的一生獻給了他的學(xué)習(xí)和工作，以及人類的利益。他靠自己的努力掙錢，但他共享了他的財寶給這個世界。他的獨創(chuàng)和財寶恒久留給世人。1．Alfred'sbusinesswas________．A．makingandsellingexplosivesB．notmakingandsellingweaponsC．makingexplosivesandsellingweaponsD．makingweaponsandsellingexplosivesA[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.”可知他的企業(yè)是制造并販賣炸藥的。]2．NobelwantedtosetuptheNobelPeacePrizebecause________．A．hemadeenoughmoneyB．hehatedwarC．hewantedtogetmoreinterestfromthefundD．helikedtoliveinapeacefulworldB[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.”可知Nobel厭煩斗爭，因此他希望以后不再有斗爭。]3．NobelPrizescomefrom________．A．a(chǎn)llNobel'smoneyinthefundB．a(chǎn)llNobel'smoneyinhiscompanyC．a(chǎn)lltheinterestfromthefundD．someoftheinterestinthefundC[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。NobelPrizes的來源在本文中是指：“Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。]4．WhichstatementofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A．Nobelsetuphiscompanytosellclothes.B．MostofNobel'smoneywasusedfortheworldwars.C．NobelPrizesareonlyforsomepeoplefromsomespecialcountries.D．Nobelworkedhardinhislifeandsavedlotsofmoneyfortheworldtoshare.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts，buthelettheworldsharehiswealth.”可知Nobel讓全世界共享(share)他的財寶。]BIt'sthetimeofyearwhenkidsarethinkingabouttheirholidaywishlists.Sowhat'saparenttodowhenachildasksforasmartphone?SydneyCroweisinsixthgradeandhasasmartphone.Whilesheadmitsshemostlyusesitfor“playinggamesandwatchingtelevision”，hermom，Patty，saysthat'snotwhySydneygotthephone.Patty'smainconcernwassafety.ThebusmissedSydney'sstopenoughtimestoreallyworryherparents.Withoutmeanstocallanadult，shewouldwalktoschoolnearabusyhighway.That'swhenPattygaveherdaughteraphone.Pattysayssherolledhereyesattheideaofherchildhavingasmartphone，butfinallydecidedtoallowitforonemainreason：peaceofmind.Ontheothersideoftheargument，there'sMercyShannon.She's9yearsoldanddoesn'thaveacellphone.Mercy'smom，BrookeShannon，likemanyotherparents，facedthecellphonedecisionearlyon.Shestartedanonlinepromisecalled“WaitUntil8th”tocreateacommunityofparentswaitingtogivetheirkidssmartphonesuntilatleasteighthgrade—whenmostchildrenarenearinghighschool.Inadditiontowantingherkidstohaveabreakfromscreens，Brookeworriesabouttheinfluenceofsocialmedia(媒體).“Childrenjustdon'thavethebraindevelopmentatthisagetobeabletodealwiththesocialsituationsthatcomewithsocialmedia，”shesays.Thatisn'tjustaparentconcern.RichardFreed，achildpsychologist(心理學(xué)家)andauthorofabookonthesubject，wantedtoresearchthetopicafterseeinganincreaseinthenumberofchildrencomingtohimwithanxietyanddepression.Hissuggestion？Putsomegroundrulesinplace.“Iwantparentstounderstandhowpowerfulthesetechnologiesare，”hesays.There'snomagicagetogiveakidasmartphone.Ratherthanconsideringtheageofachild，weshouldthinkaboutmaturity(成熟).【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭論文。隨著科技發(fā)展，越來越多的人起先運用智能手機。假如一個正在上小學(xué)的孩子想要擁有一部智能手機，父母該不該給呢？5．WhatdoesSydneymainlyusehersmartphonefor?A．Studies.B．Entertainment.C．Callingforhelp.D．Communicatingwithherfamily.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“Whilesheadmitsshemostlyusesitfor‘playinggamesandwatchingtelevision’”可知，Sydney主要用她的智能手機玩嬉戲和看電視，即消遣。]6．AccordingtoBrooke，childrencanhavesmartphoneswhentheyare________．A．8yearsold B．9yearsoldC．in8thgrade D．inhighschoolC[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第六段中的“Shestartedanonline...untilatleasteighthgrade”可知，Brooke認為應(yīng)當(dāng)至少等到孩子上八年級，才可以給他們智能手機。]7．WhatledtoRichardFreed'sresearchonchildrenhavingsmartphones?A．Hisinterestinthetopic.B．Theneedofwritingabookonthesubject.C．Hiswishtowarnparentsofthepowerofmoderntechnologies.D．Thefactthatmorechildrenarehavingpsychologicalproblems.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“wantedtoresearchthetopic...withanxietyanddepression”可知，RichardFreed看到越來越多的孩子們因為焦慮、抑郁等問題向他求助，之后萌生了探討這個課題的想法。]8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkparentsshouldconsiderbeforegivingchildrensmartphones?A．Theirage.B．Theirsafety.C．Theirholidaywish.D．Theirbraindevelopment.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段中的“Ratherthanconsideringtheageofachild，weshouldthinkaboutmaturity(成熟).”可知，作者認為確定要不要給孩子智能手機時，不應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮他們的年齡，而應(yīng)當(dāng)看他們是否成熟，即大腦發(fā)育完善與否。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Yourchildrenarewatchingyou.__1__AccordingtotheHealthProgram，developinghealthyhabitsisanimportantpartforyourchildren.Andwhenitcomestodevelopinghealthyhabits，parentsinfluencetheirchildrenmorethananyoneelse.__2__Whathappensduringthoseearlyyearscaninfluencechildrenfortherestoftheirlives.Thisincludessomeeatingandexercisehabits.Childrenareverycareful，evenatayoungage.Childrenwatchwhatothersdocarefullyandimitatethebehaviorsofthoseclosesttothem.Asparents，youshoulddothefollowing：__3__Ifyoudothat，yourchildrenaremorelikelytobeenthusiasticaboutdevelopingtheirs.Letyourchildrenseeyoutakingcareofyourownphysicalhealthbyeatingfruitandvegetables.Talktothemabouthealthyhabitsinappropriatetermsandatapropertime.__4____5__Computers，televisionsandotherformsoftechnologyareamajorpartoflifeinthe21stcentury.Unfortunately，astheuseoftechnologyinthehomeincreases，sodoesthetimespentwatchingTVorplayingonthecomputer.Soasparents，youshouldalsoarrangethetimeforyourchildrenwisely.A.Don'tgetridoftechnology，butuseitwisely.B．Takepartinphysicalactivitiesandexerciseregularly.C．Beenthusiasticaboutdevelopinghealthyhabitsofyourown.D．Youractionsarespeakingtothemlouderthanyourwordswill.E．Childrenprefertoimitatetheirparentsratherthanlistentothem.F．Thiscanbehelpfultoteachyourchildrentoformgoodeatinghabits.G．It'seasyforthechildrentoformtheirhealthyhabitswhentheyareyoung.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。父母親對孩子的