備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)分類練8　詞句猜測(cè)題（2）（含解析）

考點(diǎn)分類練(八)詞句猜測(cè)題(2)Passage1(2024江蘇南京、鹽城二模)主題:個(gè)人故事詞數(shù):316難度:★★★☆☆EmestOwusuwas13in1980whenhewasgiventheopportunitytoappearintheaudienceofaBBCshow,andaskThatcherhowshefeltaboutbeingcalledtheIronLady.Thisencounterre-emergedinaBBC’sprogrammerecently.Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.Now57,Owusulooksremarkablysimilarevenwithagreyingbeard.Buthislifehasbeentransformed.Thefatherofthreeisahumanresourcesdirector,andthefirstblackcaptainoftheAddingtongolfclubinits110-yearhistory.Asablackguy,itisaboutbreakingtheglassceiling.Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”

ThatchertoldOwususheenjoyedbeingcalledtheIronLady.“Ithinkit’sratherapraise,don’tyou?”shesaid,“becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome,‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”O(jiān)wusurecallsthemoment,“Ijustrememberhereyecontact.Shewasansweringme,notthecamera.Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”Aftertheshowwasbroadcast,Owususaidhebecame“alittleheroinBrixtonforagoodthreemonths”.Owusuadded,“Itallgavemeextraconfidence.Doorsmightnothaveopenedsoquickly.Itwasoneofthosekeymomentstomakeyoudothingsmaybeyouwouldn’totherwisehavedone.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響,從而改變了自己的人生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutOwusuwhenhewas13?A.HemetwithThatchertwice.B.Hejoinedafamousgolfclub.C.HehostedaBBC’sprogramme.D.Helivedatthebottomofsociety.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,Owusu13歲時(shí)生活在社會(huì)的底層。2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sliding-doormoment”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Turningpoint.B.Importantdecision.C.Socialstatus.D.Remarkableachievement.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechanged”可知,從那一刻Owusu的信心改變了,說明那是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),sliding-doormoment的意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”,和turningpoint意思相近。3.Basedonthetext,whatmadeabigdifferencetoOwusu?A.Others’treatinghimequallyatwork.B.Others’votinghimaheroinBrixton.C.Thatcher’seffortstopreservehisdignity.D.Thatcher’sfaithinthenecessityoftoughness.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”和“Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”可知,Thatcher夫人堅(jiān)信強(qiáng)硬的必要性使Owusu發(fā)生了巨大的變化。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtofDialogueB.ThePowerofConfidenceC.ALife-ChangingMeetingD.AStatus-ImprovingTale答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatusasa‘ThatcheriteJourney’.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.‘Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.’”可知,本文主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響,從而改變了自己的人生,因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“ALife-changingMeeting”。Passage2(2024廣東廣州一模)主題:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)詞數(shù):307難度:★★★☆☆Whenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.Dolphinsareintelligentanimalsthatliveandhuntingroups.Theycommunicateinauniqueway:everyindividualproducesitsownsignaturesoundthatactsmuchlikeanIDcard,usuallybyitsfirstbirthday.Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolvethismystery,researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake.

Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignaturesound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhentheirbabieswerenotnearby.Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.Sincedolphinbabiesoftenspendsomeyearswiththeirmothersbeforelivingontheirown,itmakessensethatthisadaptationwouldhelpthemlearntocommunicate.Attheveryleast,thehigher-pitchedwhistlelikelygetsthebabies’attention.“It’simportantforababytoknow,‘Oh,Mum’stalkingtomenow,’”saysmarinebiologistJuneMann.Thiskindofresearchcouldhelpusunderstandhowlanguagedevelopedinhumans.“Itisabsolutelyessentialtohavebasicknowledgeaboutotherspeciesandhowtheycommunicate,”saysMann.“Iwouldbereallyinterestedtoseewhetherdolphinsalsochangetheirsoundswheninteractingwithbabiesofothers,whichiswhathappensinhumans.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了海豚媽媽通過教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來教會(huì)幼崽說話。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thismystery”refertoinparagraph2?A.Whydolphinsliveandplayingroups.B.Howdolphinsdeveloptheiruniquesounds.C.Whataspectsofintelligencedolphinspossess.D.Whetherdolphinscanuseparenteselikehumans.答案B解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.”以及下文“researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake”可知,海豚發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音與聽到海豚媽媽的聲音有關(guān),所以為了解開“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”這個(gè)謎團(tuán),研究人員檢查了海豚媽媽發(fā)出的聲音。故畫線詞指的是“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”。6.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins’soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.”可知,研究人員通過分析雌性海豚的聲音特征對(duì)海豚進(jìn)行研究。7.Whatisasuggestedreasonwhydolphinmothersuseparentesewiththeiryoung?A.Tohelpthemlearntotalk.B.Toteachthemhuntingskills.C.Toexpressworryandcare.D.Todistracttheirattention.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.”可知,海豚媽媽對(duì)幼崽使用父母語的原因是幫助它們學(xué)會(huì)說話。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparetheparenteseofhumansanddolphins.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdolphinintelligence.C.Tosharenewfindingsaboutdolphincommunication.D.Tohighlightthevalueofstudyingdolphins’language.答案C解析推理判斷題。文章主要說明了海豚媽媽通過教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來教會(huì)幼崽說話并解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有關(guān)海豚交流的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。Passage3(2024江西鷹潭一模)主題:黃河數(shù)字孿生體詞數(shù):386難度:★★★☆☆TheYellowRiveristhecradle(搖籃)ofChina’scivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificialintelligence,andtheinternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecommandcenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebigbreakthroughintheriver’sdigitalgovernance(治理)is“smartstones”.AccordingtoWangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecommandcenterforquickresponse,”Wangsaid.“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,puttingtheirlivesatrisk,”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.”Andinthesky,drones(無人機(jī))areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,”saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligentsystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數(shù)字孿生體的創(chuàng)建目的、運(yùn)行方式和發(fā)展。9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.B.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.C.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.D.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.”可知,創(chuàng)建黃河數(shù)字孿生體的主要目的是加強(qiáng)防洪工作。10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A.Theyrecordwaterquality.B.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.C.Theyenhancetheriver’sbeauty.D.Theymonitorandreportdikemovements.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyareburiedinimportantdikelocationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.”可知,智能石頭通過監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告堤壩的運(yùn)動(dòng)來為河流的數(shù)字化治理做出貢獻(xiàn)。11.Whatisoneofthefunctionsofdrone