決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類 精講課件（強(qiáng)化篇）

(高中說明文)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會(huì)使用“脫衣服”大法分析長(zhǎng)難句。積累特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。真題講解示例22019全國(guó)卷IDPART3123①Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.③Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior”.④Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”⑤Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.⑥Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.2019全國(guó)卷

ID題目見講義摘要特殊結(jié)構(gòu)類

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Duringelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatqualitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatecarryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage.5.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?7.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對(duì)應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2019全國(guó)卷ID經(jīng)歷描述Duringelementaryschool,sharingallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Whileattweensandteens,thosewhosmoked,brokerulesandplayedjokesonothersroseintheranks.MitchPrinsteinsortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.說明對(duì)象影響B(tài)einglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpyougainanadvantage.現(xiàn)象研究Whilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.Qualitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate

carryover

tolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletounderstandandconnectwithothers.Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.題目速覽Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?Unkind.Lonely.Generous.Cool.5推理判斷題Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theclassificationofthepopular.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.6WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.Theyperformedwellacademically.7Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastTheHighertheStatus,theBetterBetheBest—YouCanMakeItMoreSelf-Control,

LessAggressiveness8段落大意題推理判斷題主旨大意題拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題5STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位經(jīng)歷描述Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.

Unkind. B.

Lonely.C.

Generous. D.

Cool.Duringelementaryschool,sharingallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.①

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

STEP2：定位信息段enjoysharing技巧點(diǎn)撥:根據(jù)文中動(dòng)詞歸納出形容詞答案指向句分析參考譯文Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus在我上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，我喜歡跟別人分享我的玩偶和笑話，這讓我享有很高的社會(huì)地位。IenjoyedsharingmydollsandjokesDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool11時(shí)間狀語whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus2非限制性定語從句，which指代前面主句內(nèi)容2拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）段落主旨大意題6STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位

說明對(duì)象Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.MitchPrinsteinsortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

STEP2：定位信息段sortsthepopularintocategories技巧點(diǎn)撥：先找到本段的topicsentence，段落主旨大意主要是根據(jù)主題句進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。同時(shí)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，篩選出正確選項(xiàng)。同位語，對(duì)twocategories進(jìn)行解釋說明答案指向句分析參考譯文MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.臨床心理學(xué)的教授MitchPrinstein把受歡迎的人分為兩類：討人喜歡者和地位追求者。文字MitchPrinsteinsortsthepopularintotwocategories

aprofessorofclinicalpsychology1MitchPrinstein的同位語thelikableandthestatusseekers.122拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題7STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象研究Whilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.④

Inonestudy,

Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”STEP2：定位信息段healthyadjustment技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.

Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.

Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.

Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題8STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位影響B(tài)einglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpyougainanadvantage.⑥

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.STEP2：定位信息段positiveoutcomescreatesexperiencesthatWhatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.

BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.

TheHighertheStatus,

theBetterC.

BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,

LessAggressivenesshelpsombodygainanadvantageopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflife技巧點(diǎn)撥：研究結(jié)果帶來的影響是本文的重點(diǎn)，也是本文的主旨所在，根據(jù)本段對(duì)研究結(jié)果的影響進(jìn)行高度凝練概括。答案指向句分析參考譯文“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.他說：“受歡迎能為學(xué)習(xí)和新的生活經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)，從而獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)?！敝鞲桑赫湓挼寡bBeinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiences11目的狀語thathelpsomebodygainanadvantage22定語從句，先行詞為opportunitiesandand連接兩個(gè)并列的介詞短語HesaidMitchPrinsteinsortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.2019全國(guó)卷ID經(jīng)歷描述說明對(duì)象現(xiàn)象研究Duringelementaryschool,sharingallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Whileattweensandteens,thosewhosmoked,brokerulesandplayedjokesonothersroseintheranks.Whilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.影響B(tài)einglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpyougainanadvantage.Qualitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate

carryover

tolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletounderstandandconnectwithothers.Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.回顧Q5Q6Q7Q8Tip1:閱讀理解滿分還在于____________的理解。Tip2:長(zhǎng)難句分析可以采用_________________：①_________________________________________________________;②_________________________________________________________;③_________________________________________________________。Tip3:善于比較_______________________________

SUMMARY長(zhǎng)難句脫衣服大法去枝葉留主干，去掉定語、狀語、同位語、插入語等找主干，括從句，弄懂主干漢語意思依次還原枝葉，得到完整句意文中長(zhǎng)難句與選項(xiàng)的關(guān)系詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)①

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

rosyyearsofelementaryschoolmeansharingWhatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely.C.Generous. D.Cool.5詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)6②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

sortintoqualitiesadolescenceinterpersonalskillsdishonorablebehaviorWhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)7③Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior”.④Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”moreaggressivemostlikelyadjustmenthighinstatusWhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)8⑥Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.postivelifeoutcomesWhatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness①Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.②Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.③Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior”.④Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”⑤Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateand