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第05講對(duì)數(shù)與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)1、對(duì)數(shù)式的運(yùn)算(1)對(duì)數(shù)的定義:一般地,如果SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,那么數(shù)SKIPIF1<0叫做以SKIPIF1<0為底SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)數(shù),記作SKIPIF1<0,讀作以SKIPIF1<0為底SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)數(shù),其中SKIPIF1<0叫做對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù),SKIPIF1<0叫做真數(shù).(2)常見對(duì)數(shù):①一般對(duì)數(shù):以SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0為底,記為SKIPIF1<0,讀作以SKIPIF1<0為底SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)數(shù);②常用對(duì)數(shù):以SKIPIF1<0為底,記為SKIPIF1<0;③自然對(duì)數(shù):以SKIPIF1<0為底,記為SKIPIF1<0;(3)對(duì)數(shù)的性質(zhì)和運(yùn)算法則:①SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0;其中SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0);③對(duì)數(shù)換底公式:SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;⑤SKIPIF1<0;⑥SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;⑦SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0;⑧SKIPIF1<0;2、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義及圖像(1)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義:函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0叫做對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù).對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0圖象性質(zhì)定義域:SKIPIF1<0值域:SKIPIF1<0過(guò)定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上增函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0【解題方法總結(jié)】1、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)常用技巧在同一坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),隨SKIPIF1<0的增大,對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象愈靠近SKIPIF1<0軸;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象隨SKIPIF1<0的增大而遠(yuǎn)離SKIPIF1<0軸.(見下圖)題型一:對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算及對(duì)數(shù)方程、對(duì)數(shù)不等式【例1】(2023·四川成都·成都七中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))SKIPIF1<0______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】(2023·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·沈陽(yáng)二中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】(2023·上海徐匯·位育中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))方程SKIPIF1<0的解集為________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】(2023·山東淄博·統(tǒng)考二模)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/0.5【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0(負(fù)值舍去),所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4】(2023·天津南開·統(tǒng)考二模)計(jì)算SKIPIF1<0的值為______.【答案】8【解析】原式SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:8.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練5】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,用a,b表示SKIPIF1<0____________【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練6】(2023·上海·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練7】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))SKIPIF1<0=____________;【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】原式SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練8】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))解關(guān)于x的不等式SKIPIF1<0解集為_____.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】不等式SKIPIF1<0,解SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,解SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,化為SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,所以不等式SKIPIF1<0解集為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練9】(2023·上海楊浦·高三上海市楊浦高級(jí)中學(xué)??奸_學(xué)考試)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的解集是__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,要解不等式SKIPIF1<0,只需SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,綜上,不等式的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練10】(2023·上海浦東新·高三華師大二附中??茧A段練習(xí))方程SKIPIF1<0的解為_________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上均為增函數(shù),又SKIPIF1<0,故方程SKIPIF1<0的解為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【解題方法總結(jié)】對(duì)數(shù)的有關(guān)運(yùn)算問(wèn)題要注意公式的順用、逆用、變形用等.對(duì)數(shù)方程或?qū)?shù)不等式問(wèn)題是要將其化為同底,利用對(duì)數(shù)單調(diào)性去掉對(duì)數(shù)符號(hào),轉(zhuǎn)化為不含對(duì)數(shù)的問(wèn)題,但這里必須注意對(duì)數(shù)的真數(shù)為正.題型二:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像【例2】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(a,b為常數(shù),其中SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)的圖象如圖所示,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由圖象可得函數(shù)在定義域上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,排除A,C;又因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練11】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象恒過(guò)定點(diǎn)(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)圖象恒過(guò)SKIPIF1<0.故選:A【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練12】(2023·北京·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由題意,不等式SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,等價(jià)于SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的解,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則不等式為SKIPIF1<0,在同一坐標(biāo)系下作出兩個(gè)函數(shù)的圖象,如圖所示,可得不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,故選:B【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練13】(2023·北京·高三統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向上平移1個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向上平移1個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練14】(2023·北京海淀·清華附中校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,在同一直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以由函數(shù)的圖象可知:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),有SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練15】(多選題)(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值可以為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABC【解析】分別記函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0由圖1知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不滿足題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),如圖2,要使SKIPIF1<0時(shí),不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,只需滿足SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:ABC【解題方法總結(jié)】研究和討論題中所涉及的函數(shù)圖像是解決有關(guān)函數(shù)問(wèn)題最重要的思路和方法.圖像問(wèn)題是數(shù)和形結(jié)合的護(hù)體解釋.它為研究函數(shù)問(wèn)題提供了思維方向.題型三:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)(單調(diào)性、最值(值域))【例3】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),則a的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,所以a的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練16】(2023·新疆阿勒泰·統(tǒng)考三模)正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則a與SKIPIF1<0大小關(guān)系為______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練17】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值是2,則a等于_________【答案】2【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)解,綜上,a等于SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:2.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練18】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為2,最小值為m,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的值是____________.【答案】3【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是正實(shí)數(shù)集上的增函數(shù),而函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,因此有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),符合題意,因此SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是正實(shí)數(shù)集上的減函數(shù),而函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,因此有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),不符合題意.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:3.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練19】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有最小值,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),外層函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),對(duì)于內(nèi)層函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意的實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恒成立,由于二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有最小值,此時(shí)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0沒(méi)有最小值;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),外層函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),對(duì)于內(nèi)層函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有最小值,若使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有最小值,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練20】(2023·河南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))寫出一個(gè)同時(shí)具有下列性質(zhì)①②③的函數(shù):SKIPIF1<0_____.①SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;③SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù).【答案】SKIPIF1<0(不唯一)【解析】性質(zhì)①顯然是和對(duì)數(shù)有關(guān),性質(zhì)②只需令對(duì)數(shù)的底SKIPIF1<0即可,性質(zhì)③只需將自變量SKIPIF1<0加絕對(duì)值即變成偶函數(shù).故答案為:SKIPIF1<0(不唯一)【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練21】(2023·重慶渝中·高三重慶巴蜀中學(xué)??茧A段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞區(qū)間為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0在定義域內(nèi)為減函數(shù),故只需求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0上的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間,又因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練22】(2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增 B.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減C.SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 D.SKIPIF1<0有最小值,但無(wú)最大值【答案】C【解析】由題意可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,A,B錯(cuò)誤;由于SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,C正確;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取得最大值,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0有最大值,但無(wú)最小值,D錯(cuò)誤,故選:C【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練23】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào),則a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.綜上得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D【解題方法總結(jié)】研究和討論題中所涉及的函數(shù)性質(zhì)是解決有關(guān)函數(shù)問(wèn)題最重要的思路和方法.性質(zhì)問(wèn)題是數(shù)和形結(jié)合的護(hù)體解釋.它為研究函數(shù)問(wèn)題提供了思維方向.題型四:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)中的恒成立問(wèn)題【例4】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若存在SKIPIF1<0,任意SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值SKIPIF1<0,由題設(shè),只需SKIPIF1<0即可.在SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,由對(duì)勾函數(shù)的性質(zhì):SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,故SKIPIF1<0.在SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練24】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0對(duì)SKIPIF1<0恒成立.記SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,只需SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練25】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0恒成立,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,∴實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練26】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若對(duì)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)閷?duì)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練27】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求a的值;(2)若對(duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【解析】(1)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.(2)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0不成立,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0不成立,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.綜上,SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練28】(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域;(2)對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0,其中常數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【解析】(1)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取最大值SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取最小值SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.(2)由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0對(duì)一切的SKIPIF1<0恒成立,①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,于是SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取最小值-2,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),即SKIPIF1<0的最小值為-3,SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,于是SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取最小值SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0.綜上可得:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0【解題方法總結(jié)】(1)利用數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,結(jié)合對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像求解;(2)分離自變量與參變量,利用等價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化思想,轉(zhuǎn)化為函數(shù)的最值問(wèn)題.(3)涉及不等式恒成立問(wèn)題,將給定不等式等價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化,借助同構(gòu)思想構(gòu)造函數(shù),利用導(dǎo)數(shù)探求函數(shù)單調(diào)性、最值是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵.題型五:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的綜合問(wèn)題【例5】(多選題)(2023·湖北·黃岡中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則以下結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】對(duì)于A,由題意知,a,b是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0分別與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0圖象交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo),由SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則其向上,向右都平移一個(gè)單位后的解析式為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象也關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩個(gè)函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故兩交點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對(duì)于B,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0成立,故B正確;對(duì)于C,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B得SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,即不等式取不到等號(hào)),故D正確.故選:ABD.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練29】(2023·海南??凇そy(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0可得:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練30】(多選題)(2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模)若SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,選項(xiàng)A,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0正確;選項(xiàng)B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;選項(xiàng)C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故D正確,故選:ABD.【對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練31】(2023·河南·高三信陽(yáng)高中校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別是方程SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的根,若SKIPIF1<0,實(shí)數(shù)a,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,由SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0S
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