語法復(fù)習(xí)代詞+【知識(shí)精研】高三上學(xué)期英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

高三語法總復(fù)習(xí)專題二代詞目錄CONTENTS考點(diǎn)1人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞考點(diǎn)2不定代詞考點(diǎn)3替代詞和指示代詞難點(diǎn)1it的用法難點(diǎn)2it構(gòu)成的幾個(gè)易混淆的句型難點(diǎn)3部分否定與全部否定

代詞：代替名詞的詞語。目的是簡化句子，使句意更加明確分類：人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，疑問代詞，不定代詞，相互代詞，替代詞，關(guān)系代詞，連接代詞

考點(diǎn)1

代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey人稱代詞賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves

人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞知識(shí)1人稱代詞（表示自身或人稱的代詞）

人稱代詞的句法功能。在句中,人稱代詞作不同的成分對應(yīng)其不同的格:?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."人們告訴我們"出去呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣",我們都是聽著這些長大的。[2019全國Ⅰ](主格We作主語,賓格us作tell的賓語)

特別提醒（兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，單數(shù)時(shí)“二三一”復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)“一二三”）

1.在Itis/was...that/who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人稱代詞,作主語用主格,作賓語用賓格。?Itwaswethatmethimattheschoolgate.(主格we作主語)?Itwashimthatwemetattheschoolgate.(賓格him作賓語)2.句中沒有謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),人稱代詞常用賓格。?—I'dliketogotoclimbthemountainthisweekend.—Me,too.3.當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒必要知道談?wù)搶ο蟮男詣e時(shí),常用it來表示。?Whatalovelybaby!Isitaboyoragirl?知識(shí)2物主代詞物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。1.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞:置于名詞之前,作定語,不可單獨(dú)使用。?Thosepeoplearemyschoolmates.拓展延伸含形容詞性物主代詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu):1.形容詞性物主代詞+own(+名詞)某人自己的(……)?Ihavemyownroom.?Ineedaroomofmyown.2.形容詞性物主代詞+v-ing,可作主語或賓語?Hisbeingillmadehismotherworried.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于"形容詞性物主代詞+名詞":可單獨(dú)使用(作主語、表語和賓語),也可用"of+名詞性物主代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語。?

Yourbikeisblack.Mine

isred.(=Mybikeisred.)?Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?(=MayIuseyourbike?)?Katewentonholidaywithacousinofhers.知識(shí)3反身代詞1.反身代詞可作賓語:常在enjoy,teach,hurt,behave,introduce(介紹)等動(dòng)詞后作動(dòng)賓和by,for,to,in,of等介詞后作介賓。?HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.?Shewastalkingtoherself.2.反身代詞可作同位語:用于加強(qiáng)語氣,強(qiáng)調(diào)"親自,本人,親身"。?Hehimselfwenttothebank.3.反身代詞可作表語:常用于be,feel,look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)。?I'mnotmyselftoday.

（不舒服）

?Iamfeelingmyselfagain.（恢復(fù)體力）歸納總結(jié)

含有反身代詞的常用短語1.介詞+反身代詞：byoneself單獨(dú),獨(dú)自foroneself親自,為自己inoneself本身,本來 tooneself獨(dú)自擁有的,獨(dú)享的2.動(dòng)詞+反身代詞：enjoyoneself過得愉快 amuseoneself自娛seatoneself就座boastoneself自夸teachoneself自學(xué) expressoneself表達(dá)自己behaveoneself舉止得hideoneself自己藏dressoneself自己穿衣

apply/devoteoneselfto致力于

be/feeloneself處于正常狀態(tài)helponeselfto隨便吃/用loseoneselfin沉迷于makeyourselfathome不拘束adapt/adjustoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)于考點(diǎn)2

不定代詞

不定代詞是高考考查的內(nèi)容之一,考生一定要注意不定代詞在具體語境中的用法。此外,大多數(shù)不定代詞還可以作限定詞(兩者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具體講解一下常見的不定代詞的用法。知識(shí)1either,both,neither,all,none,any

考點(diǎn)2

不定代詞代詞含義作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)兩者either肯定單數(shù)（二者之一）both肯定復(fù)數(shù)（兩者都）neither否定常用單數(shù)（兩者都不）三者或更多all肯定與all指代的人或事物保持一致none否定用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可(常與of短語連用)none一個(gè)都沒有any三者中任何一個(gè)any肯定

?Therearetwowaysleadingtothewoods.Eitherseems(=Bothseem)tobepassable.有兩條路通往森林,任何一條/兩條似乎都走得通。?Neitherofthetwocarsismine.這兩輛汽車都不是我的。?Allofthefoodhasgone.所有食物都沒了。?Noneofthemoneyismine.錢都不是我的。?Mr.Smithrefusedtoacceptanyofthethreesuggestions.史密斯先生拒絕接受三條建議中的任何一條。知識(shí)2theother,another,theothers,others

代詞用法例句the

other特指兩者中的另一個(gè),常用在"one...theother..."結(jié)構(gòu)中Ihavetwodaughters.Oneisadoctor,andtheotherisateacher.我有兩個(gè)女兒,一個(gè)是醫(yī)生,一個(gè)是教師。another指三者或三者以上中的"另一,再一"Igotanotherofthosecallsyesterday.昨天我又接了一個(gè)那樣的電話。the

others相當(dāng)于"theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)",特指其余全部的人或物Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andtheotherswillstayathome.兩個(gè)男孩將去動(dòng)物園,其余的留在家里。others相當(dāng)于"other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)",泛指別的人或物,常用在"some...others..."結(jié)構(gòu)中Somestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom;othersareplayingontheplayground.一些學(xué)生在打掃教室,另一些在操場上玩。

特別提醒1.theother還可作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),表示"其余全部的"。如:theotherbook另一本書

theotherbooks其余的書2.another也可作定語,后可跟"基數(shù)詞/few(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))",表示"另外的……"。"another+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"相當(dāng)于"基數(shù)詞+more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"。?IhavebeenherefortwoweeksandIwillstayhereforanotherthreeweeks(=threemoreweeks).知識(shí)3none,nobody/noone,nothing1.?—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?你有多少錢?—None.一點(diǎn)也沒有。?—Whoisintheroom?誰在屋里?—Noone/Nobody.沒有人。?—Whatareyoudoingnow?你現(xiàn)在在做什么?—Nothing.什么也沒有做。代詞指代對象常用來提問的疑問詞none人和物howmany,howmuchnobody/no

one人whonothing物what2.對"some/any/every+名詞"進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是none;someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是nobody/noone;對something/anything/everything進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是nothing。?IfIhadsomemoney,Iwouldlendhim,butunfortunately,Ihavenone.如果我有些錢的話,我會(huì)借給他,但不幸的是,我一點(diǎn)錢也沒有。

特別提醒1.none作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?Wehadthreecatsonce—noneis/arealivenow.2.none可與of連用,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?Noneofthetelephonesis/areworking.知識(shí)4many,much,(a)few,(a)little

many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代詞,又可作限定詞,總結(jié)如下:含義替代或修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)替代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示"多"manymuch表示"少"fewlittle表示"肯定"afewalittle表示"否定"fewlittle(注意:notalittle,quitealittle相當(dāng)于much;notafew,quiteafew相當(dāng)于many)many+可數(shù)名詞much+不可數(shù)名詞知識(shí)5some和any

some常用于肯定陳述句中,any則常用于否定句和疑問句。?Someofthemilkhasgonebad.?Ineedsomestamps.Arethereanyinyourbag?特別提醒

any還可用于肯定句,表示"任何一個(gè)"。?I'lltakeanyyoudon'twant.

拓展延伸

some和any均可作限定詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。1.some常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑問句。?There'sstillsomewineinthebottle.?Arethereanymeat?Ididn'teatanymeat.2.some也可用于疑問句。若疑問句表示請求、建議或邀請,或期望得到對方肯定的答復(fù),用some,不用any。?MayIaskyousomequestions?(請求)?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(邀請)【注意】some和any均可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。(1)"some+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"表示"某一……"。?John,somestudentiswaitingforyoudownstairs.(2)"any+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"表示"任何一個(gè)……"。?Takeanybookyoulike.知識(shí)6each1.each可直接作主語,也可接“of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語,此時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。?Each(ofthestudents)hasadictionary.2.each可作同位語,放在主語(復(fù)數(shù))后,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。?Theyeachhaveadictionary.拓展延伸each還可作限定詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),常與every進(jìn)行區(qū)別辨析:?Therearelotsofflowersoneachsideoftheroad.路兩邊有許多花。?Sheknowseverystudentintheschool.她認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)校里的每一個(gè)學(xué)生。知識(shí)7復(fù)合不定代詞1.常見的復(fù)合不定代詞2.復(fù)合不定代詞的基本用法(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。?Everyoneknowsthis.(2)當(dāng)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),形容詞通常后置。?There'ssomethingwrongwiththeTV.某任何每個(gè),所有沒有人someonesomebodyanyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodynoonenobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing

考點(diǎn)2

不定代詞知識(shí)1替代詞one,theone,that,it代詞用法例句one替代上文出現(xiàn)的"同類"事物,但不是"同一"事物,泛指同類事物中的一個(gè),所替代的名詞必須是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones。(a+n./人和物/前置定語)Heboughtseveralbooksandlentonetome.他買了幾本書并借給了我一本。(one指abook)the

one替代前面提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),且表特指。有時(shí)可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定語的情況下)。表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用theones。Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheoneunderthedesk.書桌上面的那本書比書桌下面的那本書好。

續(xù)表代詞用法例句that替代上文出現(xiàn)的"同類"事物,所替代的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,其后常跟介詞短語作后置定語。表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those。(the+n./指物、定語后置)TheweatherhereiscolderthanthatinHenan.這兒的天氣比河南的天氣冷。it替代上文出現(xiàn)的"同一"事物,被替代的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用them。Theweatheriscold.Idon'tlikeit.天氣很冷,我不喜歡。(it指theweather)

8[2021江蘇海安中學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測,58]InCanada,thetippingsituationisverysimilarto_______oftheUS.

9TheChinesehaveknownaboutthebenefitsofgreenteasinceancienttimes,andtheyuse_______totreatvariousdiseasessuchasheadachesanddepression.

解析

分析語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是空后的介詞短語oftheUS,可知此處用that替代前面提到的thetippingsituation,表示同類事物。故填that。解析句意:自古以來中國人就知道綠茶的好處,并用綠茶來治療各種疾病,如頭痛和抑郁癥。此處指代的是前面提到的greentea,故用it。知識(shí)2指示代詞this,that,these,those1.指代前面提到過的事物,常用that或those,起"承上"的作用;指代將要提及的事物,常用this或these,起"啟下"的作用。?Hewasill.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.?Whatdoyouthinkofthis?Jackbrokemycamera,butherefusedtopayfortherepairs.(此句中this指代下文將要提到的事物,不能換成that)2.在打電話時(shí),用this來介紹自己,用that來詢問對方。?Hello.ThisisTom.Whoisthatspeaking?3.含有this,that的習(xí)慣用法。

知識(shí)3指示代詞such和thesame

1.such指代如前所述的那樣的人或事物。?SuchisAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.這就是阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦,一個(gè)簡樸而又成就卓越的人。2.thesame指同樣的人或事物。?Thesamehappenedonce.同樣的事情曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過。

難點(diǎn)1

it的用法1.it作形式主語it可以作形式主語,而把真正的主語后置。常用it作形式主語的句型有:(1)It+be+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.常用于此句型的形容詞有:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。?Itisnecessarytochangeyourjob.(2)Ittakes/tooksb.+一段時(shí)間+todosth.表示"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間"。?Ittookushalfanhourtogettothetown.

(3)It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.此句型中的形容詞通常描述人的性格、品質(zhì)等。常用于該句型的形容詞有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。?Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathome.(4)It+be+n.+(forsb./sth.)todosth.常用于此句型的名詞(短語)有:pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good/badmanners等。?Itisbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseatsfortheold.(5)It+be+adj./n.+doingsth.常用于此句型的形容詞和名詞(短語)有:useless,fun,no/littleuse,no/muchgood等。?It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.為打翻的牛奶哭泣是沒有用的。(覆水難收,悔恨無益。)(6)It+be+adj./n.+主語從句.在"Itisnecessary/important+that從句"中,從句的謂語常用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",且should可以省略。?It'snecessaryandimportantthatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingcomputers.(7)It+be+過去分詞+that從句.say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,intend,plan,understand,know,demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend等動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常用于此句型。?Itisreportedthatanothersatellitehasbeeninorbit.特別提醒

在"It'ssuggested/advised/

ordered/

requested/

insisted(堅(jiān)決要求)/required/demanded+that從句"中,從句要用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語要用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should可省略。

(8)Itmakesnodifference/doesn'tmatter+主語從句.?Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.你去或不去對我來說無所謂。(9)Itseems/appears/happens+that從句.?Itseemedthatshehadmadesomemistakesinthedesignofthemachine.她好像在機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)上出了一些錯(cuò)誤。2.it作形式賓語(1)當(dāng)賓語是動(dòng)詞-ing、動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句,且其后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,通常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語置于句末。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it+賓補(bǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing/動(dòng)詞不定式/that從句。

?Ifeelithardtoclimbthemountain.?Wefindituselesswaitinghereallthetime.

(2)某些及物動(dòng)詞(短語)后不能直接跟從句。此時(shí)應(yīng)先用it作形式賓語,然后接賓語從句。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:hate/like/appreciate/dependon等+it+從句。?Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.?Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.3.it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句(Itis/was…that/who…)?ItwasIthat/whotoldhimaboutit.是我告訴他這件事的。(it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的具體用法詳見"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型")

難點(diǎn)3

部分否定與全部否定1.noone,none,nobody,nothing以及"no+名詞"等都表示全部否定。?Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我們當(dāng)中沒人打算去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。2.當(dāng)not與不定代詞all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等或"every+名詞"連用時(shí),不管not在它們之前還是之后,都表示部分否定。此外,not與總括性副詞(如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等)連用時(shí)也表示部分否定。?Notallofthemsmoke.=Allofthemdon'tsmoke.?Suchathingcan'tbefoundeverywhere.1.(2021·全國乙卷)Ecotourismhas______(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin________(I).3．(2021·浙江高考)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.4．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Bestofluckwith________(yours)learningkungfuinChina.真題演練itsmineherself

your/you

真題演練5．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages”，_______(it)walledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.6.(2022·全國乙卷)TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening

______

(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.7.visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine

(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor

walkingthrougharainforest.itsitstheir1.Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at2.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent___________.A.atfirstB.afterallC.aboveallD.atrandom3.China’ssoftpowergrows_______theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewithB.inreplytoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof4.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe_____treesthatareover1,000yearsold.A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below5.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.________,weexpectstudentstowordhard.A.OnaverageB.AtbestC.inreturnD.AfterallABAAC6.Determiningwhereweare_______oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrasttoB.indefenseofC.infaceofD.inrelationto7.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.by8.Thedictionaryis______:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.A.outofcontrolB.outofdateC.outofsightD.outofreach9.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom____intheUK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it10.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.______,he'sreliable.A.OrelseB.InshortC.BythewayD.ForonethingDBBAB11.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup_______influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseeworldaroundus.A.onB.inC.atD.about12.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend

inthecomingyears.A.littlemoreB.nomoreC.muchmoreD.manymore13.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but____knowsthedateforsure.A.everybodyB.nobodyC.anybodyD.somebody14.Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃____theaverage.A.belowB.onC.atD.above15.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes

animalsbothonlandandsea?A.aboutB.toC.withD.over

BBDBD16.Howwouldyoulike

ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it17.Thesecommentscame

specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.A.inmemoryofB.inresponsetoC.intouchwithD.inpossessionof18.—Who’sthatatthedoor?—

isthemilkman.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That19.IthinkMrs.Starkcouldbe_______between50and60yearsofage.A.anywhereB.anybodyC.anyhowD.anything20.Asmilecosts_______,butgivesmuch.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythingCABBD21.Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her22.---WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?----___

.I’llbeinallday.A.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either23.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked______andmovedtoCambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either24.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein

,knivesandforks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all25.Wefeel______ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one26.——Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?——______one?A.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.MoreACDBBC27.Sarahmade________totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it28.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes______aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.A.himB.thisC.thatD.it29.New