大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷十二（帶答案）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷十二

（總分:710.00,做題時(shí)間：130分鐘）

PartIWriting（總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

1.Directions:Recentyearshaveseenagrowingconsumeraudiencewhois

willingtospendmoneyondigitalcontent.Doyouthinkpeopleshouldpayforonline

content?Writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150

wordsbutnomorethan200words.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：106.50）

正確答案：(［范文］

Itisobservedthatanincreasingnumberofpeoplearewillingtopaytoread,

watchordownloadsomethingonline.Somemayarguethatdigitalcontentshouldbe

free,sincechargingforsuchresourceswillleadtolossofonlineaudience.However;

inmyopinion,it'sobligatoryforconsumerstopayforonlinecontent.

Therapiddevelopmentofdigitaltechnologymakesiteasiertoaccesscontent

online,suchasnovels,musicandTVdramas.Onthepartofcontentsuppliers,free

accesstotheseresourcesmeanslossofincome,whichwillweakentheirmotivation

toprovidehigh-qualitycontent.Instead,ifconsumersspendmoneyondigital

content,editors,singersandauthorswillbespurredtoproducebettercontentrather

thanfreebutpoorthings.What'smore,payingforonlinecontentalsoshowsrespect

forthosewhohaveworkedhardtocontributetoit.Recentyearshaveseena

growingappealforintellectualpropertyprotectionandanti-piracy,whichhashelped

toraisecopyrightawarenessamongcontentproducers.Soitisnolongertolerableto

havetheirworksdownloadedillegally.

Allinallzchargingareasonablepricefordigitalcontentcontributestothe

healthydevelopmentofonlinemarket,soconsumersshouldpayforonlinecontent.)

解析：本篇作文要求考生對(duì)“人們是否應(yīng)該為網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容付費(fèi)”發(fā)表看法并

闡明原因。根據(jù)題目要求，可以采取總一分一總的布局：

第1段先指出越來(lái)越多人愿意為數(shù)字內(nèi)容付費(fèi)，有些人認(rèn)為數(shù)字內(nèi)容收費(fèi)

會(huì)使網(wǎng)絡(luò)受眾減少，接著引出“消費(fèi)者應(yīng)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容付費(fèi)”的觀點(diǎn)。

第2段列出消費(fèi)者應(yīng)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容付費(fèi)的理由一一可以激勵(lì)內(nèi)容提供者提

供優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容；體現(xiàn)對(duì)內(nèi)容生產(chǎn)者的尊重，符合保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的趨勢(shì)。

第3段重申“消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該為網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容付費(fèi)”。

［參考譯文］據(jù)觀察，越來(lái)越多人愿意付費(fèi)閱讀、觀看或下載網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。雖

然一些人認(rèn)為，對(duì)數(shù)字內(nèi)容收費(fèi)將使網(wǎng)絡(luò)受眾減少，但是在我看來(lái)，消費(fèi)者有義

務(wù)為在線內(nèi)容付費(fèi)。

數(shù)字技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展讓我們可以更輕易地獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的內(nèi)容(如小說(shuō)、音

樂(lè)和電視劇)。就內(nèi)容供應(yīng)商而言，讓消費(fèi)者免費(fèi)獲得這些資源意味著自身收入

的減少，這將削弱他們提供優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的積極性。但是如果消費(fèi)者肯為數(shù)字內(nèi)容花

錢，這將會(huì)激勵(lì)編輯、歌手和作者創(chuàng)作更好的內(nèi)容，而非免費(fèi)的劣質(zhì)內(nèi)容。更重

要的是，付費(fèi)還體現(xiàn)了對(duì)那些辛辛苦苦創(chuàng)造數(shù)字內(nèi)容的工作者的尊重。近年來(lái),

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和反盜版的呼聲越來(lái)越高，內(nèi)容生產(chǎn)者的版權(quán)意識(shí)也得到了提高。

因此，他們也無(wú)法再容忍自匕的作品被非法下載。

總之，對(duì)數(shù)字內(nèi)容合理收費(fèi)有助于數(shù)字市場(chǎng)的良性發(fā)展。因此，消費(fèi)者應(yīng)

該為在線內(nèi)容付費(fèi)。

PartIIListeningComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：8,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B.Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

C.Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

D.Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.J

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

W:Oneofthemostinterestingexperimentswithdolphinsmustbeonedone

byDoctorJarvisBastian.WhathetriedtodowastoteachamaledolphincalledBass

andafemalecalledDoristocommunicatewitheachotheracrossasolidbarrier.

M:Sohowdidhedoitexactly?

W;Well,firstofall,hekeptthetwodolphinstogetherinthesametankand

taughtthemtopressleverswhenevertheysawalight.Theleverswerefittedtothe

sideofthetanknexttoeachother.Ifthelightflashedonandoffseveraltimes,the

dolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleft-handleverfollowedbytheright-handone.

Ifthelightwaskeptsteady,thedolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleversinreverse

order.Whenevertheyrespondedcorrectly,theywererewardedwithfish.M:Sounds

terriblycomplicated.

W:Well,thatwasthefirststage.Inthesecondstage,DoctorBastian

separatedthedolphinsintotwotanks.Theycouldstillhearoneanother;butthey

couldn'tactuallyseeeachother.Theleversandlightweresetupinexactlythesame

wayexceptthatthistimeitwasonlyDoriswhocouldseethelightindicatingwhich

levertopressfirst.Butinordertogettheirfish,bothdolphinshadtopressthelevers

inthecorrectorder.Thismeant,ofcourse,thatDorishadtotellBasswhetheritwas

aflashinglightorwhetheritwasasteadylight.

M:Sodiditwork?

W:Well,amazinglyenough,thedolphinsachieveda100%successrate.

WhatisthepurposeofDoctorJarvisBastian'sexperiment?

.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.Inaresorttown.V

B.lnalectureroom.

C.Onacattlefarm.

D.lnabotanicalgarden.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

W:Thisweek'sprogramUpYourStreettakesyoutoHarrogate,asmalltown

inYorkshire.HarrogatebecameafashionableresortduringVictoriantimes,when

peoplecametotakeabathinthemineralwaters.Today,fewpeoplecometovisitthe

townforitsmineralwaters.Instead,Harrogatehasbecomeapopulartownfor

peopletoretireto.Itscleanair,attractiveparks,andtheabsenceofanyindustry,

makethisanidealspotforpeoplelookingforaquietlife.Now,totellusmoreabout

Harrogate,IhavewithmeTomPercival,PresidentoftheChamberofCommerce.Tom,

oneofthethingsvisitornoticesaboutHarrogateisthelargeareaofopenparkland

rightdownintothemiddleofthetown.Canyoutellusmoreaboutit?

M:Yes,certainly.TheareaiscalledtheStray.

W:WhytheStray?

M:It'scalledthatbecauseintheolddays,peoplelettheircattlestrayonthe

area,whichwascommonland.

W：Oh,Isee.

M:Then,we'vechangesinfanningandinlandownership.TheStraybecame

partofthelandownedbyHarrogate.

W:Andisitprotected?

M:Oh,yes,indeed.There'saspeciallaw.Noonecanbuildanythingonthe

Stray.It'sprotectedforever.

W:Soitwillalwaysbeparkland?

M;That'sright.Asyoucansee,someoftheStrayisusedforsportsfields.

W:Ibelieveitlookslovelyinthespring.

M:Yes,itdoes.There'respringflowersontheoldtrees,andpeoplevisitthe

townjusttoseetheflowers.

Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

SectionB（總題數(shù)：7,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.HeteachespsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.V

B.Hehasexperiencetutoringblackstudents.

C.Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationships.

D.Heprovidescounselingforuniversitystudents.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

RussellFazio,anOhioStatepsychologyprofessorwhohasstudiedinterracial

roommatesthereandatIndianaUniversity,discoveredanintriguingacademiceffect.

InastudyanalyzingdataonthousandsofOhioStatefreshmenwholivedindorms,

hefoundthatblackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhighstandardizedtestscores

earnedbettergradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate'stest

scoreswerelow.Theroommate'sracehadnoeffectonthegradesofwhitestudents

orlow-scoringblackstudents.Perhaps,thestudyspeculated,havingawhite

roommatehelpsacademicallypreparedblackstudentsadjusttoapredominantly

whiteuniversity.

ThatsamestudyfoundthatrandomlyassignedinterracialroommatesatOhio

Statebrokeupbeforetheendofthequarterabouttwiceasoftenassame-race

roommates.

Becauseinterracialroommaterelationshipsareoftenproblematic,Dr.Fazio

said,manystudentswouldliketomoveout,butuniversityhousingpoliciesmay

makeithardtoleave.

"AtIndianaUniversity,wherehousingwasnotsotight,moreinterracial

roommatessplitup/'hesaid."HereatOhioState,wherehousingwastight,they

weretoldtoworkitout.Themostinterestingthingwefoundwasthatifthe

relationshipmanagedtocontinueforjust10weeks,wecouldseeanimprovementin

racialattitudes."

Dr.Fazio'sIndianastudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomlyassigned

interracialroommateswerenolongerlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester,

comparedwithwhiteroommates.Theinterracialroommatesspentlesstime

together;andhadfewerjointactivitiesthanthewhitepairs.

WhatdoweknowaboutRussellFazio?

.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：21.30）

A.Heisahabitualcriminal.

B.Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

C.Hewaswronglyimprisoned.V

D.Hehasbittermemoriesofchildhood.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

BernardJacksonisafreemantoday,buthehasmanybittermemories.

Jacksonspentfiveyearsinprisonafterajurywronglyconvictedhimofrapingtwo

women.AtJackson'strial,althoughtwowitnessestestifiedthatJacksonwaswith

theminanotherlocationatthetimesofthecrimes,hewasconvictedanyway.Why?

Thejurybelievedthetestimonyofthetwovictims,whopositivelyidentifiedJackson

asthemanwhohasattackedthem.ThecourteventuallyfreedJacksonafterthe

policefoundthemanwhohadreallycommittedthecrimes.Jacksonwassimilarin

appearancetotheguiltyman.Thetwowomenhadmadeamistakeinidentity.Asa

result,Jacksonhaslostfiveyearsofhislife.

Thetwowomeninthiscasewereeyewitnesses.Theyclearlysawtheman

whoattackedthem,yettheymistakenlyidentifiedaninnocentperson.Similar

incidentshaveoccurredbefore.Eyewitnessestoothercrimeshaveidentifiedthe

wrongpersoninapolicelineuporinphotographs.

Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofeyewitnesstestimony.Forinstance,

witnessessometimesseephotographsofseveralsuspectsbeforetheytrytoidentify

thepersontheysawinalineupofpeople.Theycanbecomeconfusedbyseeing

manyphotographsorsimilarfaces.Thenumberofpeopleinthelineup,andwhether

itisalivelineuporaphotograph,mayalsoaffectawitness'sdecision.People

sometimeshavedifficultyidentifyingpeopleofotherraces.Thequestionsthepolice

askwitnessesalsohaveaneffectonthem.

WhatdowelearnaboutBernardJackson?

SectionC（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：56.80）

A.Itwassetupinthatyear.

B.Itjoinedwithanothercompany.V

C.ltsent10,000peopleabroad.

D.ltrecruitedalotofnewstaff.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Okeveryone,thanksforcomingtodayandforyourinterestinvolunteering

abroad.Forthosethatdon'tknowmuchaboutourcompany,TimeAbroad,letme

startbytellingyouabitmore.

TimeAbroadisoneofthelargestvolunteerabroadorganizationsintheUK.

Thecompanywasfoundedin2000.In2007,thecompanygrewbyjoiningwith

anothercompany,PTTravel,makingusevenlarger.In2014wesent10.000people

abroadonavarietyofserviceprojectsandinternshipsoverseas,morethananyother

company.Allparticipantsreceivethebestsupportfromourfull-time,professional

stafftoensurethattheexperienceissafe,worthwhileandfun.

Wehavelotsofveryexperiencedstaffworkingforus.Wehavearound150

staffmembers,themajorityofwhomareformervolunteersthemselvesinspiredby

theirownexperience.Someofthesepeopleareevenpartoftheoriginalgroupsof

volunteersbackintheearly90s.About75ofthosestaffarenotlocatedintheUKat

all,andspendtheirwholetimeinanothercountrysupportingthevolunteers.They

areexpertsonthelocalcommunitiesyouareworkingin,havingspenttheirwhole

livesthere.Theyhavevastexperienceinfieldssuchascommunitydevelopmentor

education.

Thetimesthatvolunteersjointheprogramvaryalot.SomejoininJuly

becausetheyhavejustfinishedstudyingatcollegeoruniversityandwanttodosome

volunteeringbeforetheymoveontoworkorfurtherstudy.Thewintermonthsare

alsopopularbecausepeoplewanttoescapethecoldweatherintheUK.Butthere

arenosetstartdatesandprogramsruncontinuouslythroughouttheyear;sothe

majorityofvolunteersstartwhenitisbestforthem.

TimeAbroadisanentirelyindependentorganizationwhichdoesnotreceive

anyfundingfromreligiousbodies,politicalparties,developmentorganizations,or

othersources.Andofcourse,wedon'trequestmoneyfromourpartner

organizationsinthedevelopingworld.Allourworkis100%fundedthroughyour

contributionsasavolunteer.Wedogethelpfromthegovernment,butthatisfrom

reducedbusinesstaxes,notfinancialcontributions.Itisthisfinancialindependence

thatgivesusthefreedomtosetupprojectswhereverwethinkitmaybeusefuland

wherewethinkthatourvolunteerscanmakeavaluablecontribution.

WhathappenedtoTimeAbroadin2007?

.Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：42.60）

A.Americanseatmorehamburgersthanbefore.

B.Americanseatmorefastfoodthantheydid.V

C.MostAmericansarefondofeatingsausages.

0.Americansspentsixmilliondollarsonfastfoodin1970.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Goodmorning,everyone.Today'stopicisfastfood.Formanypeopleinother

countries,fastfoodequalsAmericanfood.AllGermanseatsausages,allChineseeat

rice,andallAmericanseathamburgers,right?Well,urn,actually,wedoeatalotof

hamburgers.Infact,theaverageAmericaneatsthreehamburgersaweek,alongwith

fourordersofFrenchfries.Illtellyou,mysonisnotaverage,becausehe'deatthree

hamburgersaday,ifI'dlethim.AndIthinkheeatsfourordersofFrenchfriesby

Wednesday.But,eventhoughwestilleathamburgers,didyouknowthatweeat

lessnowthanweusedtowhenIwasyourage?In1976,weate94poundsofbeef

perpersoneachyear.Thesedays,weeat68poundsperperson.From94to68,that's

quiteareduction!Butjustbecauseweeatfewerhamburgersdoesnotmeanweeat

lessfastfood.Asamatteroffact,weeatmorefastfoodthanever.HereIssomefood

forthought:In1970,Americansspentsixbilliondollarsayearonfastfood.By2001,

thatnumberhadincreasedtoonehundredandtenbillion.Sixbilliontoahundred

andtenbillionin30years!Man,ifmystockshaddonethatwell,Iwouldn'tbe

standinghereteaching,I'dbeinmyprivateLearjetonmywaytoHawaii!

It'snotsurprisingthatv/espendmoreonfoodthanentertainment.Afterall,

wehavetoeat.ButAmericansspendmoremoneynotjustonfood,butonfastfood.

Isthishealthy?Urnzprobablynot.Maybeyou'venoticedthatAmericansaregetting

fatter.AndIdon'tmeanjustalittleplump.We'regettingobese.Americahasthe

largestpercentageofobesepeopleamongalldevelopednations.Didyouknowthat

morethanhalfofallUSadultsweightoomuch?Sodoabouttwenty-fivepercentof

ourchildren.TheUSsurgeongeneralcallsthisacrisis.Acrisis!Thinkofitlikeariver.

Itkeepsraining,andtheriverkeepsrising.Atfirstnooneisveryworried.Butthe

waterkeepsrising,andrising.Thenitoverflowsitsbanksandfloodsthecity.

Suddenly,wehaveacrisis.Whyisbeingobeseacrisis?Well,foronething,it'skilling

us.Obesity一um,beingtoofat一increasesthestressonourbodies.Ourheartsand

otherorganshavetoworkharder,andtheybreakdownsooner.Obesityisthe

numbertwocauseofdeathinAmericatoday,rightbehindsmoking.Weallknow

howbadsmokingis.Beingtoofatisthesecond-biggestkiller.

WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutfastfoodconsumptioninAmerica?

.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

8.（分?jǐn)?shù)：42.60）

A.ItwasarailroadintheUS.

B.ltwasdevelopedaftertheCivilWar.

C.ltgotitsnameinabout1931.

D.lthelpedslavesrunaway.V

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Goodafternoon!TodayIwouldliketotalkabouttheUndergroundRailroad.

Now,oneofthemostinterestingevents,Ithink,inAfro-Americanhistory,wasthe

developmentoftheUndergroundRailroadintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.Iguess

you'veallheardofthat,right?ThenyouknowthattheUndergroundRailroadwasn't

arealrailroad-itjustgotthatname,inabout1831,becauseatthattimethenew

steamengines,thenewsteamrailways,werebecomingimportantintheUS

economy.

So,theUndergroundRailroadwasn'tarailroad—itwasanetworkofpeople

whohelpedslavesintheSouthescapetotheNorth,tothenorthernstatesandto

Canada,mostly,butalsototheWest,toMexico,andtotheCaribbeanaswell.These

peoplewereblackandwhite,abolitionistsandfreeBlacksandvariousreligious

groups,andtheyhelpedslavesescapefromtheirmasters.Theyhidthemintheir

houses,andtheysecretlyconveyedthembywagon,byboat,andonfoot一toplaces

wherehumanslaverywasillegal.

It'sbelievedthatthesystemwasstartedbyaQuaker,IsaacHopper,nearthe

endofthe18thcentury,becausehehadbegunorganizingwaystoassistrunaway

slavesatthattime.It'sdocumentedthat,in1786,GeorgeWashington一beforehe

becamethefirstUSPresident——complainedthatoneofhisslaveswashelpedto

escapeby,quote,"asocietyofQuakers,formedforsuchpurposes",unquote.

TheUndergroundRailroadneverwasextensivelyorganized,thoughItwas

justaninformalnetworkofsafehousesandsecretroutesandmeetingpoints.The

peopleinvolveddidn'tknowanyofthedetailsofoperationsbeyondthoseintheir

ownimmediatearea——probablyjustenoughtoconveyfugitivestothenextstation.

Theparticipantsusedakindofcode,akindofjargon,basedonrailwayterms.

Thevarioushidinglocationswerecalled"stations",sothepeoplewhohidthe

runawayswerecalled"stationmasters",andthepeoplewhoguidedthemalongthe

route,whotransportedthemfrommeetingplacetomeetingplace,werecalled

"conductors".Andtheescapedslavesthemselveswerereferredtoas"passengers".

Onestationmaster;WilliamSteel,helpedhundredsofescapingslaves—asmanyas

sixtyamonth,andhekeptcarefulrecords,includingindividualbiographies,that

includedtheserailwaycodephrases.Thenhelaterpublishedtheseaccounts,after

thewar,in1872.

WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheUndergroundRailroad?

PartIIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：O.OOj

SectionA（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,

anger;orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableand1.The

shedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating（毀滅性的）tragedy

wastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoput

anendtothe2outpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior;

linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththose

responsestotearsareoften3andmayevenbecounterproductive（使達(dá)不至U

預(yù)期目標(biāo)的）.

Humansaretheonlyanimals4knowntohedemotionaltears.Since

evolutionhasgiven5tofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itis

logicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthat6survival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicit

assistancefromothers（asacryingbabymightfromitsmother）,thesheddingof

tearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,

morelikelythantearstogain7.So,itappears,theremustbesomething

specialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectrole

inalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthe

chemicalcompositionoftearshaverecently8twoimportantchemicalsfrom

emotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponseto

emotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainno

such9

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessof

tearsasameansof10humanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

A.attention

B.overwhelming

C.inappropriate

D.embarrassed

E.diagnosing

F.indispensable

G.rise

H.isolated

I.definitely

J.enhance

K.aspiration

L.emotional

M.repelled

N.substance

O.increasingly（分?jǐn)?shù)：35.50）

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：D）

解析：空格前的and表明此處需要填入與uncomfortable并列的形容詞或分

詞，且同樣含消極意義。embarrassed“尷尬的”可與feel搭配使用,表示眼淚

會(huì)讓美國(guó)人覺(jué)得不舒服和尷尬。

［參考譯文］社會(huì)不鼓勵(lì)哭泣這樣的行為。流眼淚，不管是出于悲傷、憤怒，

還是喜悅，通常都會(huì)讓美國(guó)人感覺(jué)不自在、尷尬。流淚的人可能要道歉，即使是

因?yàn)樵馐軞缧缘牟恍叶鳒I?？匆?jiàn)別人流淚的人可能要竭盡全力來(lái)終止這種感

情的宣泄。但是從最近對(duì)哭泣行為、哭泣與疾病之間的聯(lián)系及眼淚的化學(xué)成分的

研究來(lái)看，上述兩種對(duì)眼淚的反應(yīng)都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，甚至可能帶?lái)相反的效果。

人類是已知的唯一會(huì)流下動(dòng)情淚水的動(dòng)物。既然進(jìn)化不會(huì)引起無(wú)目的的生

理反應(yīng)，那么我們可以合理地假設(shè)：哭泣有一種或多種促進(jìn)生存能力的作

用。。雖然有些觀察者提出，哭泣是一種向他人尋求幫助的方式（如嬰兒哭泣可

能是向母親尋求幫助），但要得到幫助，幾乎沒(méi)有流淚的必要。出聲的哭泣己經(jīng)

足夠了，比流淚更能引起注意。因此，眼淚本身似乎一定有某些不同尋常之處。

確實(shí)，新研究表明，動(dòng)情的淚水對(duì)減輕壓力起著直接的作用。明尼蘇達(dá)大

學(xué)的研究員正在研究眼淚的化學(xué)成分，他們最近從動(dòng)情的淚水中分離出兩種重要

的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)都只在情緒激動(dòng)時(shí)流出的淚水中才有。切洋蔥時(shí)流

的眼淚不會(huì)含有這樣的物質(zhì)。

其他幾所機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員正在探究通過(guò)眼淚來(lái)診斷疾病、監(jiān)控藥物反應(yīng)。

2.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)上（正確答窠：L）

解析：此處需要形容詞限定outpouring（宣泄）。眼淚是情緒的宣泄手段，故

選emotional"情緒的

3.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：C）

解析：空格前的are表明此處需要形容訶或分詞作表語(yǔ)，修飾responsesto

tears（對(duì)眼淚的反應(yīng)）。inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)摹迸c后面的counterproductive”使

達(dá)不到預(yù)期目標(biāo)的”語(yǔ)義并列。

4.（分?jǐn)?shù):3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：I）

解析：空格后的過(guò)去分詞known修飾空格前theonlyanimals,句意是人類

是己知的唯一會(huì)流下動(dòng)情淚水的動(dòng)物。句子主要成分是完整的，故需填入副詞。

definitely"明確地”符合要求，修飾known。

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：G）

解析：此處需填入名詞，作hasgiven的賓語(yǔ)。giveriseto為固定短語(yǔ)，意

為“引起”。

6.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：J）

解析：空格前的that是定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾functions,故此處需要謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且是原形。enhance”提高，增強(qiáng)”符合句意，表示哭泣有一種或多種

增強(qiáng)生存能力的作用。

7.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：A）

解析：此處需要名詞，與gain搭配，且語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)與前文的gethelp一致，

故選attention"關(guān)注

8.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：H）

解析：空格所在句的主語(yǔ)是researchers,此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形

式，且能與from搭配。isolated”使隔離，使孤立”符合，表示從動(dòng)情的淚水中

分離出兩種重要的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

9.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：N）

解析：空格前的such表明此處需填入名詞，指代上文提到的化學(xué)物

（chemicals）osubstance“物質(zhì)”是chemicals的上義詞，可指代，故正確。

10.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：E）

解析：空格后的andmonitoringdrugs表明此處需要與之并列的動(dòng)名詞，且

與ills搭配。diagnosing“診斷”正確，表示眼淚是診斷疾病、監(jiān)控藥物反應(yīng)的一

種方式。

SectionB（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.A.Astheworldgetswarmer;sealevelsarerising.Ithasbeenhappeningata

snail'spacesofar,butasitspeedsupmoreandmorelow-lyingcoastallandwillbe

lost.Atriskaremanyoftheworld'scitiesandhugeareasoffertilefarmland.Thesea

issettoriseametreormorebytheendofthiscentury.Andthat'sjustthestart.

"Unlessthereisarapidanddramaticabout-faceinemissions-whichnooneexpects

——thenextcenturywillbefarworsethanthiscentury/'saysglaciologist（冰〃I學(xué)家）

BobBindshadlerofNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,Marylard.

B.Throwingtrillionsofdollarsattheproblemcouldprobablysavebigcities

suchasNewYorkandLondon,butthetaskofdefendingalllow-lyingcoastalareas

andislandsseemshopeless.Orisit?Couldwefindawaytoslowtheaccelerating

glaciers,drainseasintodesertsoraddmoreicetothegreaticecapsofGreenland

andAntarctica?

C.Theseideasmightsoundcrazybutwehavegotourselvesintosuchabad

situationthatmaybeweshouldstarttoconsiderthem.Ifwecarryonasweare,sea

levelswillriseformillennia,probablybywellover10metres.Slashinggreenhouse

gasemissionswouldslowtherise,butthelongerwehesitate,thebiggertherisewe

willbecommittedto.Evenif'"conventional"geo-engineeringschemesforcooling

theplanetwereputinplaceandworkedasplanned,theywouldhavelittleeffecton

sealeveloverthenextcenturyunlesscombinedwithdrasticemissionscuts.

D.Inshort,ifcoastaldwellersdon'twanttheirchildrenandgrandchildrento

havetoabandonlandtothesea,nowisthetimetostartcomingupwithPlanC.So

NewScientistsetoutinsearchofthehandfulofresearcherswhohavebegunto

thinkaboutspecificwaystoholdbackthewaters.

E.OneofthereasonswhythegreaticesheetsofGreenlandandAntarctica

arealreadyshrinkingisthattheiceisdrainingoffthelandfaster.Icefloatingonthe

surroundingseasusuallyactsasabrake,holdingbackglaciersonland,soasthisice

islosttheglaciersflowfaster.TheaccelerationoftheJakobshavnglacierin

Greenlandisthoughttobetheresultofwarmcurrentsmeltingthefloatingtongueof

theglacier.Otheroutletglaciersarebeingattackedinasimilarway.

F.MikeMacCrackenoftheClimateInstituteinWashingtonDCisoneof

thosestartingtothinkthatweshouldn'tjustsitbackandletwarmcurrentsmeltice

shelves."Istheresomewayofdoingsomethingtostopthatflow,orcoolthewater?"

heasks.

G.Lastyear,physicistRusselSeitzatHarvardUniversitysuggestedthatthe

planetcouldbecooledbyusingfleetsofcustomisedboatstogeneratelarge

numbersoftinybubbles.Thiswouldwhitenthesurfaceoftheoceansandsoreflect

moresunlight.MacCrackensaysthebubblesmightbebetterarrangedinamore

focusedway,tocoolthecurrentsthatareunderminingtheJakobshavnglacierand

otherslikeit.Acoupleofdegreesofchillwouldtakethiswaterdowntofreezing

point,renderingitharmless."Atleastthatwouldslowthepaceofchange,"

MacCrackensays.

H.Whataboutamoredirectapproach:buildingaphysicalbarriertohalta

glacier'sflowintotheseabybruteforce?Bindshadlerthinksthatisa

non-starter."Theicedischargehasmanysources,mostlyremoteandin

environmentswherebarriersarenotlikelytowork/'hesays."Takingjusttheone

exampleIknowbest,thePineIslandglacierinAntarcticadrainsintoaniceshelfthat

atitsfrontis25kilometresacrossand500metresthick,andmovesatover10

metresperday.Theseabedthereis1000metresdownandismadeofsediment（深

深物）hundredsofmetresthickandtheconsistencyoftoothpaste."Notyourideal

buildingsite.

I.Aslightlymoresubtleschemetoreinintheglacierswasproposedmore

than20yearsagobyDouglasMacAyealoftheUniversityofChicago.Hisideaisto

fighticewithice.Thebigoutletglaciersfeedintogiantfloating