非謂語動詞non-finite verbs 課件 高中英語人教版必修第三冊

非謂語動詞non-finiteverbs

復習：基本句型和句子成分主+謂主+謂+賓主+系+表主+謂+賓+賓主+謂+賓+賓補兩個修飾成分：定語、狀語非謂語：在句中不充當謂語的動詞Hecameinsidetheroom.HecameinsidetheroomwhenIwasnotthere.Hecameinsidetheroomwhichshecleanedupcarefully.Hecameinsidetheroom,buthecouldn’tfindanything.Hecameinsidetheroom,findingnothing.Injured

inhisleg,hecameherelate.Hecameheretolookfortreatment.謂語&非謂語從形式上看，非謂語動詞分三類：todo:表目的；未發(fā)生的事V-ing:

表動作當下狀態(tài)；主動V-ed:

表被動非謂語使用條件一個句子中,已經存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Wheneverhewasaskedthequestion,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysofferingthesameexcuse.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames

heldinBeijingin2008.Thefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjusttohavealookatthesportsstars.找出謂語及非謂語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞doing動名詞名詞現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞done過去分詞非謂語的基本結構和功能動詞不定式todoTofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.Shearrangedtohavedinnertogether.Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Iadvisedhimtomakepreparationinadvance.HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.主語主語賓語表語賓補定語狀語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞done過去分詞非謂語的基本結構和功能doing現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞Talkingiseasierthandoing.Itisnousewaitinghere.MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.Themanstandingbythewindowismyteacher.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.主語主語賓語表語賓補定語狀語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞非謂語的基本結構和功能done過去分詞Tomsoundsverymuvhinterestedinthejob.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.Youshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoiingonhere.表語賓補定語狀語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.Itis(adj.)todo...：it作形式主語Itisfascinatingtoworkwithyou.特例：Itisnouse/nopoint/nogood/useful/useless/fun/pleasant/awasteoftime/apleasuredoingsth.Itisnouse

tryingtoarguewithSam.Isitanygoodexplainingagain?Itispleasantworkingwithyou.Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhim.一、主語非謂語作主語2.非謂語的否定：在整個非謂語結構前+not/neverNotconsideringyourfeelingismyfault.Nottospeakinthelibraryisamanner.3.非謂語做主語，可被定語修飾(sb’s)Myopeningthedoordisturbedyou.非謂語作主語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.todo(表示還未發(fā)生的、目的、將要做的)常接不定式的動詞有：wish/hopetodo、want/desire/prefertodo、failtodo、plan/expecttodo、agree/promisetodo、decide/arrange/determinetodo、mean/intendtodo、affordtodo、promisetodo、refusetodo、applytodo、pretendtodo、managetodo(成功做..)、offertodo(主動提出)、happentodo(碰巧做...)、remainto(bedone):有待...Majorquestionsremaintobeansweredabouthiswork【主動形式，無被動】2.doing常接doing的動詞有：deny(否認),miss(錯過),avoid,escape;admit,forbid(禁止),consider,suggest,finish;mind(介意),risk(冒險),imagine,allow,practise,enjoy/appreciate二、賓語非謂語作賓語lookforwardtodoing 期待devote...todoing 獻身于

getused/accustomedtodoing 習慣payattentiontodoing 注重做be/getclosetodoing 接近做getdowntodoing 開始著手做thekeytodoing 做某事的關鍵leadtodoing 導致sticktodoing 堅持做某事makecontributionstodoing為...作出貢獻v+ing作介詞to的賓語：非謂語作賓語其他常見固定搭配havenochoicebut/excepttodo

沒有選擇只能做can’tstanddoing

無法忍受做havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.很難做某事haveagoodtime/fun(in)doingsth.bebusy/occupied(in)doingsth. 忙于做某事spendsometime(in)doingsth. 花時間做某事非謂語作賓語以下動詞接todo與doing作賓語意思有較大區(qū)別remember forget regrettrymeanstop goon can’thelpIregretmissingthereport. （后悔）IregrettosayIcan'ttakeyouradvice. （遺憾）Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise. （繼續(xù)，接著）Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise. （繼續(xù)另一件事情）Westoppedtalking. （停止）Westoptotalk. （停下做另一件事）Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.（設法；努力）ALet'strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.（嘗試）AIdidn'tmeantomakeyouangry. （打算做）AYourplanwouldmeanspendingmorehours. （意味著）非謂語作賓語以下動詞既可以接todo，也可以接doing作賓語（主動表被動）need require want deserveThewatchneeds

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchrequires

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchwants

repairing/toberepaired.Themurdererdeserves

punishing/tobepunished.非謂語作賓語以下動詞接todo與doing作賓語意思有細微區(qū)別love like dislike hateIlikedancing,butIdon’tliketodancewithyoutonight.doing通常表示常規(guī)性動作，todo通常表示特殊性、一次性動作形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.不定式(todo)作表語:主語通常是plan,aim,goal,priority,purpose等,表目的Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Mypriorityistodrivethemtothepowerstationnow.Hisgoalistobecomeanactor.2.動詞ing作表語時，通常表示一般/常規(guī)性動作，或事物的性質&特征Hishobbyisreadingbooks.Thisfoodsmellsinviting.?（這種食物香味怡人）?Thisbookisinteresting.??Theproblemisquitepuzzling.?三、表語非謂語作表語3.過去分詞Done作表語：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,等。非謂語作表語形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.不定式todo作賓補：advisesb.todo/asksb.todoallow/permitsb.todowarnsb.nottodo其余還有：beg,cause,command,order,drive(驅使),elect(選舉),encourage,expect,forbid,force(強迫),invite,mean,persuade,remind,teach,tell等表示“使/讓某人去做某事”四、賓語補足語（主+謂+賓+賓補）動詞不定式省略to：感官動詞：see,hear,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel使役動詞：have,make,let①

感官動詞/使役動詞+sb./sth.+dosth.（主動關系，強調結果）如：Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.②

被動時要加to：Thegirlwasseentorunacrossthestreet.非謂語作賓補非謂語作賓補2.現(xiàn)在分詞doing作賓補：主+謂+賓+賓補

Vsb.doingsth.

：（主動關系，強調動作正在進行）?感官動詞?：see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feelIsawalittlegirlrunningacrossthestreet.?使役動詞?：have,get,find,leave,keep,catch（主動關系，強調動作持續(xù)進行）Ikepthimwaitingforhours.It'sdangerousifyouhavethefireburningallthenight.?其他動詞?：discover/catch/find(發(fā)現(xiàn)),bring,prevent,send,set,start,stopcatchsb.cheating/stealingIpreventedhimenteringtheroom.Isenthimrunningtothestore.Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.Ican'tmakemyselfunderstood.WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyautumnleaves.Isawtheoldwomanknockeddownbyatruck.

1.Theguestsleftmostofthedishes___________(touch),becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.2.Youshouldkeepme_________(inform)ofthelatestnews.untouchedinformed非謂語作賓補3.過去分詞done作賓補：（被動關系）4.With+賓語+非謂語(賓補)的復合結構：

判斷邏輯主語和非謂動詞的主被動關系，或表目的非謂語作賓補1.Withnoone________(talk)to,Johnfeltmiserable.Withalotofwork_______(do),hewasn'tallowedtogoout.2.Withprices_________(go)upsofast,wecan'taffordluxuries.Withthecrowds_________(cheer),theydrovetothepalace.3.Shehadtowalkhomewithherbike________(steal).Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyes______(fix)ontheceiling.Icrossedmyarms===Istoodthere,withmyarmscrossed.totalktodogoingcheeringstolenfixed形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.不定式todo作定語(后置定語)，它和被修飾詞的關系有三種：主謂、動賓和同位HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolivein.請謹記旅行中要遵守的規(guī)矩。Pleaseremembertherulestofollowduringthetrip.我們都有上大學的機會。Weallhaveachancetogotouniversity.五、定語：非謂語作定語主謂關系同位關系動賓關系2.doing與done作定語對比學1）前置定語(doing通常表示動作正在進行和主動,done表示動作已完成或被動)boilingwater,fallingleaves,asleepingchild,therisingsun(thesunwhichisrising)boiledwater,fallenleaves,aspoiled(被寵壞的)kid,theinspiredaudience2）作后置定語（相當于一個定語從句,需要找到邏輯主語后判斷主被動）Thosepeople__________(wish)tojointhisclubpleasesignhere.=Thosepeoplewhowishtojointhisclubpleasesignhere.Thegoods__________(export)fromShenzhencustoms(海關)havereachedthedestination.=ThegoodswhichareexportedfromShenzhencustomshavereached...非謂語作定語wishingexportedWemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_________(receive)thegift.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________(know)onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge．Theman__________(sit)atthebackisMr.Smith.(sit:vi.主動坐下；seat:vt.(使)就座;向…提供座位seatyourself)

sit=beseated4.Ancientculturesaroundtheworlddevelopedcustoms_______(design)towelcomethereturnofthesun.5.Therearetworoads____________(lead)tothevillage.6.Someofthequestions____________(raise)bythestudentswereverydifficulttoanswer.Exercise:-ing與-ed作定語找到被修飾詞（邏輯主語）,判斷主被動receivingknownsittingdesignedleadingraised非謂語作定語Exercise2）作后置定語（相當于一個定語從句,通常需要找到邏輯主語后判斷主被動）4.Therearealotofrestaurants__________(serve)westernfood.=Therearealotofrestaurantswhichservewesternfood.5.Theflowers___________(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.=Theflowerswhichsmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitors...6.Shelearnedtolovethecountry,andeventuallywroteabook___________(base)onherexperiencesinthecountry.=Shewroteabookwhichisbasedonherexperience.servingsmellingbased形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語可充當?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z賓語表語定語狀語賓補todo動詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過去分詞√√√√非謂語的基本結構和功能1.不定式todo作狀語①目的狀語：Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.②結果狀語：Herushedhomeonlytofindthepartywasover.Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthefilmstarshadleft.Thelittlegirlistooyoungtotakecareofherself.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.Sheissoquietastostayathomethewholeday.Itwassuchaloudnoiseastowakeeveryoneintheroom.六、狀語：非謂語作狀語too+adj./adv.+todo：太...以至于不能做...adj./adv.+enough+todo:足以做onlytodo...表示不如意的結果，“不料卻...”so+adj./adv.+astosuch+n.+asto如此...以至于...現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時,相當于一個狀語從句,該結構的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when,if,while,though等連詞①時間狀語：WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=___________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=____________________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Whenourtownisseenfromthehill,itlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.2.doing與done作狀語WalkinginthestreetWhen/whilewalkinginthestreetSeenfromthehillWhenseenfromthehill非謂語作狀語②原因狀語：As/Becausehelivesfarfromschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.=____________________________,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.③伴隨狀語：MarystoodattheschoolgateandwaitedforBetty.=Marystoodattheschoolgate,__________________________.條件狀語：Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.LivingfarfromschoolwaitingforBettyGivenmoretimeIfgivenmoretime2.doing與done作狀語非謂語作狀語讓步狀語：Thoughitweighsalmost50kilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.=________________________________________,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.=____________________________________,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.⑥

結果狀語：ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibyaandkilledmorethan100peopleonboard.=ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibya,_______________________（Though）Weighingalmost50kilograms（Although）Beatenbytheenemykillingmorethan100people…2.doing與done作狀語非謂語作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞作狀語,找邏輯主語

主動就用-ing,被動就用-ed1.

____________(walk)

in

the

street,Icame

across

anold

friend.

2.

____________

(use)your

head,you

will

find

a

way.3.

____________(keep)

in

refrigerator,

these

vegetables

will

remain

fresh.

4.

____________(see)

from

the

space,

the

earthlooks

blue.

5.____________(measure)3

to4feetinlength,

the

snake

was

trapped

by

him

with

abag.doing與done作狀語Exercise：WalkingUsingKeptSeenMeasuring邏輯主語就是句子的主語非謂語作狀語對比:目的狀語與伴隨狀語Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,_________(tell)methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce．Shewrotetotheeditor,________(hope)thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________(rest)onabigrock．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,__________(prepare)alongspeech.___________(keep)warm,weshutallthewindows.tellinghopingtorestpreparingTokeep逗號后面通常是伴隨狀語非謂語作狀語ExercisesJustthentheyoungmanoffered

________(take)mybabyintohisarms.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____________(tell)thefilmstarshadleft．Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______(have)alookatthesportsstars. Pingyao,anOldTownwithitsownseveral-kilometer-longwall,hasmanaged___________(preserve)itsMingandQingappearance.

tobetoldtotaketohavetopreserveWedon’tallow___________(swim)