高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)不定式和動名詞課件

高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式與動名詞不定式的定義不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式為“nottodo”。不定式不能單獨做謂語，所以又把不定式稱為非謂語動詞。不定式可以作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語和狀語。不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。具體變化如下表所示：形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式towritetobewritten進行式tobewriting完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成進行式tohavebeenwriting不定式作主語不定式及其短語作主語時常表示具體的、一次性的動作。如：Toworkinadevelopingcountryhadalwaysbeenherambition.但通常情況下，如果作主語的不定式較長，常用形式主語it置于句首。把真正的主語動詞不定式放在句尾。常見有以下幾種形式：It+be+表語(形容詞或名詞)+不定式如：Itwasrighttogiveupsmoking.疑問句形式：Wasitrighttogiveupsmoking?Itwasquitebeyondmetohelphim.不定式作主語2.It+be+表語+(形容詞或名詞)for/ofsbtodosth如：Itisimportantformetoreceivethatoffer.疑問句形式：Isitimportantformetoreceivethatoffer?Ithinkit’skindofRoderickandOlivertogiveHenrythemoney.練習(xí)Isitcommonforpeople_________(do)whatChendid?Whyisitimportant___________(protect)thesea?toprotecttodo不定式作賓語不定式可以動詞在后面作賓語。這些常見的動詞包括：agreedemandlongpretendaimexpectlovepromisearrangefailmanageproposeaskhatemeanrefusebeginhelpneedrememberchoosehopeoffertryclaimintendplanwantcontinuelearnpreferwishdecidelikepreparewouldlike不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有下面幾種形式：主語+謂語+todo如：Ican’taffordtopaysuchaprice.Whatdoyouwanttodotomorrow?2.主語+謂語+賓語（疑問詞+todo）如：Heaskedhowtogettothestation.I'dliketobookaseatfortonight'sperformance.不定式作賓語3.主語+謂語+it+賓補（動詞或名詞）+todoIdon’tthinkitnecessarytogoonwiththeexperiment.練習(xí)Hewouldlike_________________(admit)intohisdreamschool.Duringtheemergencymanystaffvolunteered____________(work)throughtheweekend.toworktobeadmitted不定式作賓語補足語賓語補足語是指在賓語后面對賓語進行補充說明的成分如：Iadvisedhimtostopsmoking.Iwouldlikeyoutokeepitinmind.Thisnewprogrammewillenableolderpeopletostudyatcollege.可用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：advise,allow,ask,beg,challenge,command,wouldlike,enable,expect,encourage,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,recommend,remind,request,send,urge,want,warn,wish等不定式作表語不定式可以在系動詞后作表語。一般來說，當(dāng)表示某人的建議，目的，意圖時，用不定式作表語。有時不定式加疑問詞who/when/which/what/how等作表語如：Theonlychoiceistowaittillhereturns.Thequestioniswhentostart.練習(xí)PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartis_________(look)atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.tolook不定式作賓語補足語某些動詞如make,let,have等使役動詞后不定式要省去to,但如果是被動語態(tài)時，則to不可省如：Theymadetheboygotobedearly.Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.練習(xí)Hesomehowpersuadedthestudio___________(let)himmakethefilm.In1919hisfamilywasforced___________(leave)RussiabecauseoftheRevolution.Shewouldnotpermitherself_____________(look)atthem.tolettoleavetolook不定式作定語不定式可以作后置定語，修飾前面提到的人或事如：Itwasadifficultquestiontoanswer.用于說明某些名詞的內(nèi)容，常接不定式作定語如：Youmusthavethecouragetosay“No”.這類名詞有chance,opportunity,power,right,skill,talent,way等在有序數(shù)詞（thefirst,thesecond）,theonly,thelast或者形容詞最高級修飾的名詞后，用不定式作定語如：YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.練習(xí)Heistheyoungestperson___________(win)themedal.towin不定式作狀語不定式作目的狀語有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)，todo,inordertodo,soastodo等如：Inordertoaccomplishthetask,wemustworkveryhard.Tolearnalanguagewell,youmustmakepainstakingefforts.Ineedabackpacktocarrythings.如何判斷不定式是在句子中作狀語？最簡單的方法是：把不定式的內(nèi)容遮蓋，原句仍然是一個完整的句子，如：Iwillfindawaytoimprovemyskill.如果把toimprovemyskill部分去掉，仍是一個完整的句子IworkedovertimelateintothenighttofinishmyworklastFriday.練習(xí)1.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)__________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup__________(see)them.3.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalm________(work)inspace.4.Thespaceshuttlewascreatedasareusablelaunchvehicle________________(carry)astronautsandotherequipmentintospaceandbackagain.5.Heinvitedme__________(play)basketballwithsomefriends.toseetoteachtoworktocarrytoplay不定式作狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)，too…todo太…而不能,only/nevertodo結(jié)果是，常指意想不到的，或者不愉快的結(jié)果,so…astodo如此…以至于…,such+名詞+astodo,如此…以至于如：Wefoundtheroomtoosmalltoholdsomanypeople.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Thereissucharapidincreaseinpopulationastocauseafoodshortage.Thehouseissohighandnarrowastoresembleatower.不定式作狀語1.不定式作原因狀語常有以下幾種句型：be+表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞+todo如：Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.這類表情感的詞有afraid,angry,excited,eager,anxious,glad,happy,sorry,sad,delighted,disappointed,shocked,surprisedbe+說明人的行為或者品質(zhì)的形容詞+todo如：Theboywasrudetospeaktohisparentslikethat.2.不定式作狀語，表示程度enoughtodosomethingTheyareoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem.練習(xí)Heismanenough____________(admit)hismistake.toadmit疑問詞加不定式疑問詞加不定式在句子起名詞的作用，可作主語、表語、賓語等如：Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.練習(xí)Youhavetolearn________todealwithpeople.Theproblemis________tochoose.whichhow總結(jié)練習(xí)Asthenewimmigrantsgainfinancialindependenceandagreaterknowledgeofthesurroundingcity,theymaychoose___________(stay)closetoknownfriendsandneighborsforcomfort.Historyhasthepotential___________(break)downthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Kellypretended__________________(write)herhomeworkwhenhermotherwalkedintothestudy.Theincreaseofenergywillevenmakeyoumorewilling_________________(exercise),andthatwillraiseyouroverallenergyevenmore.tostaytobreaktobewritingtoexercise總結(jié)練習(xí)DinosaurshavecompletelydiedoutontheEarth,never_______________________(see)again.Johnwasthefirstperson___________(think)ofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.Hewasconvincedthathehadtheability___________(help)Bernardoutofthedifficulty.Playingbasketballservesasthebestway___________(ease)ourgreatstudypressureandfindsomepleasureatthesametime.Theteachingstaffandallthestudentssetout___________(plant)treeswithgreatenthusiasm.tobeseentothinktohelptoplanttoease總結(jié)練習(xí)Iconsider___________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered___________(be)agreathelpinourworkandstudy.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremoreeager___________(explore)theworldaroundthem.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhich___________(buy).Whilegoingshopping,weusuallycan’tavoidbeingpersuaded___________(buy)thingsweactuallydon’tneed.buyingtobetoexploretobuytobuy總結(jié)練習(xí)Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand__________(disappoint),butthedesire_______exploretheuniverseneverdied.Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceof__________(carry)onspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.China'sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butithasmadegreatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecame

thethirdcountryintheworld________independentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.ThenShenzhou6and7completedasecondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoon__________(study)itssurface.disappointedtocarryingtotostudy不定式的語態(tài)不定式同樣有被動語態(tài)，其被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是tobedone如：Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessoflife.Hisdogslovestobepatted.I’mgladtobeallowedtovisityourresearchcenter.注意：如果是toblame作表語時，常以主動形式表被動。Thehotweatherispartlytoblame

for

thewatershortage.練習(xí)It’sagreatshameforme_____________(laugh)atinfrontofsomanypeople.LittleJennylikedto_______________(take)tothezooonSundays.I’mafraidyoursuggestionscan’thelp____________(improve)theserviceoftheirshop.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture______________(give)byProf.Linextweek?Ifeltitanhonor____________(invite)tospeakhere.____________(master)aforeignlanguage,onemusthavealotofpractice.Johnstopped_____________(have)arestbecausehehadworkedforeighthours.Hecalledateverydoor__________(tell)peopletheexcitingnews.betakentobelaughedtoimprovetobegiventobeinvitedTomastertohavetotell不帶to的不定式不帶to的不定式常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)wouldrather…than寧愿…也不…,ratherthan而不是,hadbetter最好,havenothingtodobut只能，只得,cannotchoosebut別無選擇，只能如：Iwouldrathergothanstay.Iprefertogocampingratherthanstayathome.You’dbetterdonothing.Hecoulddonothingbutwait.練習(xí)NowIwantnothingbut______________(gooff)totheWesternHillstogooffV-ing考點精講v-ing作賓語，主要可以分為作動賓和介賓兩大類。常見的后面接v-ing作賓語的動詞有：admit,consider,avoid,deny,escape,keep,forgive,mention,mind,imagine,prevent,practise,quit,recommend,suggest,finish,risk,advise,

forbid,resist,

oppose,start,anticipate(預(yù)料、期望)等如：Irecommendtakingaholiday.Bequiet!Hehasn'tfinishedspeaking.2.在need,require,want,demand等表示“需要”的詞后接v-ing表示被動(主動表被動)Thewindowneedscleaning.=Thewindowneedstobecleaned.Thecarrequireswashing.=Thecarrequirestobewashed.V-ing考點精講3.在以介詞to結(jié)尾的動詞短語后作賓語常見的以介詞to結(jié)尾的動詞短語有（后面跟v-ing）：devoteoneselfto獻身于 getdownto著手做inadditionto除…之外

leadto導(dǎo)致lookforwardto盼望

beopposedto反對objectto反對becommittedto致力于beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beusedto習(xí)慣于stickto堅持payattentionto注意V-ing考點精講4.在其余常見介詞后面這些介詞包括of,on,about,for,at,in,with,inspiteof,insteadof,

after,before,by等如：I’mnotgoodatlearningmath.Youcanprotecttheburntareabycoveringitwithaloosecleancloth.Shesaidsomethingaboutleavingtown.練習(xí)Beyondthis,youcankeephealthyby____________(consume)differentcategoriesoffreshfoods.consuming練習(xí)Itisnogoo