翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題137

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題137ReadingComprehension

SofiaCoppola's"LostinTranslation"isafunny,bitterswee（江南博哥）tmoviethatusesculturaldislocationasametaphorforpeoplewhohavegottenlostintheirownlives.ThemoviecontainspricelessslapstickfromBillMurray,finelytunedperformancesbyMurrayandthebeautifulScarlettJohanssonandavisualandauraldesignthatcultivatesaromanticthoughmelancholymood.Inonlyhersecondfeature,Coppolahasmadeapoised,intelligentfilmthatnicelybalanceslaughswithapoignancyrarelyseeninAmericanmovies.IfFocusFeaturesmarkets"LostinTranslation"carefully,thismostoriginalcomedycouldwinaudienceswellbeyondarthouses.

BobHarris(Murray)isagrumpymoviestarintowntoshootawhiskeycommercial.Heisnotonlyplaguedbyjetlagandgloomoveradeterioratingmarriageofmanyyears,heisalsointhemidstofamidlifecrisisthatdampenshisspiritsbutnothiswit.

Charlotte(Johansson),theneglectedwifeofaphotographer,experiencesasimilarair-conditionednightmare.Marriedtwoyears,shealreadyfeelslostintherelationship,unabletoparticipateinherhusband'scareerorpinpointwhatshewantsoutoflife.Whensheventuresintothecity,sheisconfrontedbyadistortedversionofWesternmodernity.

Thesetwopeoplediscovereachotherlateatnightatthebar.Neitheronecansleep.Afriendshipevolvesintheirmutualisolation.

CoppolaseesinTokyo'scrowded,neon-liturbanlandscapeasocietyestrangedfromitsownculture.Thenightisfilledwithpleasure-seekersobsessedbygames,toysandAmericanpopculture.OnlywhenCharlottetakesatraintoKyotoissheabletoexperiencetheoldJapanofancienttemplesandgardens,teahousesandkimono-cladfigures.ThisrolefitsMurraylikehisownskin.Amiddle-agedburnoutwhoseesnochallengesonhishorizongraduallychangesintoamanrevitalizedbyanotheralienatedsoul.Hiscomictouchenrichesthecharacterwithaself-deprecatingwitand.inafewsequences,arubberyphysicalitythatearnssustainedlaughs.JohanssonmakesCharlotte'slonelinessanddisillusionmentpalpableasthewomaniscutofffromlifeinwayssheneverimagined.

Usinghigh-speedfilmstock,cinematographerLanceAcordgivestheglaringneonandnumbinglysleekinteriorsakindofromanticsheen.ThescoreproducedbyBrianReitzellcreatedoutofJapanesemusicalthemesand"Tokyodream-pop"addstothesenseofanEasterncitythathassuccumbedinlargemeasuretoWesternculture.1.

Theword"slapstick"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.farceB.soapoperaC.idolplayD.sciencefiction正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段段的內(nèi)容“ThemoviecontainspricelessslapstickfromBillMurray”可知，電影包括毫無價(jià)值的鬧劇。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“鬧劇”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“肥皂劇”，C項(xiàng)“偶像劇”，D項(xiàng)“科幻劇”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

2.

"Lostintranslation"isamovieabout______.A.acouplewhosoughthappinessinaforeigncountryB.somewesternerskeenonlearningtheorientalcultureC.thefunnyexperiencesofsomefilm-makingcrewinJapanD.peoplewhoselivesgotdisruptedinanalienculture正確答案：D[解析]根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“'LostinTranslation'isafunny,bittersweetmoviethatusesculturaldislocationasametaphorforpeoplewhohavegottenlostintheirownlives.”可知，《迷失東京》中，文化錯(cuò)位只是一個(gè)暗喻，這里指的是人在他們自己生活中的迷失，所以D項(xiàng)“在異域文化中人們自己的生活混亂了”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“一對(duì)夫婦在國外尋求幸?！?，B項(xiàng)“一些西方人熱衷于學(xué)習(xí)東方文化”，C項(xiàng)“一些電影工作人員在日本的有趣經(jīng)歷”，這三項(xiàng)和文中第一段內(nèi)容不符合。

3.

Theboldfacedword"poignancy"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.happinessB.clarityC.clevernessD.sadness正確答案：D[解析]poignancy的本意是“辛辣；強(qiáng)烈；尖銳；辛酸事”，在文中第一段“Inonlyhersecondfeature,Coppolahasmadeapoised,intelligentfilmthatnicelybalanceslaughswithapoignancyrarelyseeninAmericanmovies.”中的意思是“辛酸事”，所以D項(xiàng)sadness“悲哀”和poignancy的意思比較相近。A項(xiàng)“幸福”，B項(xiàng)“清晰”，C項(xiàng)“聰明”，這三項(xiàng)顯然和poignancy的意思不相近。

4.

Theword"grumpy"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.short-temperedB.snippyC.testyD.cranky正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段段的內(nèi)容“BobHarris(Murray)isagrumpymoviestar”可知，他是一個(gè)壞脾氣的電影明星。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“脾氣壞的”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“急躁的”，C項(xiàng)“易怒的”，D項(xiàng)“古怪的”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

5.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBobHarris?A.Heisabad-temperedmoviestar.B.Heissadbecauseofhisunhappymarriage.C.Heisabitslowasheisinamidlifecrisis.D.HeisoneofCharlotte'sfriends.正確答案：C[解析]根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“BobHarris(Murray)isagrumpymoviestarintowntoshootawhiskeycommercial.Heisnotonlyplaguedbyjetlagandgloomoveradeterioratingmarriageofmanyyears,heisalsointhemidstofamidlifecrisisthatdampenshisspiritsbutnothiswit.”可知，但這些糟糕的事情并沒有減損他的才智，所以C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗幵谥心晡C(jī)中，所以反應(yīng)有點(diǎn)遲鈍”不符合文意，本題選C。A項(xiàng)“他是一位壞脾氣的電影明星”，B項(xiàng)“他因?yàn)椴恍业幕橐霰容^悲傷”，D項(xiàng)“他是Charlotte的一個(gè)朋友”，這三項(xiàng)都符合文意。

6.

Theword"pinpoint"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.subscribeexactlyB.knowC.confirmD.pointout正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“BobHarris(Murray)isagrumpymoviestar”可知，他是一個(gè)壞脾氣的電影明星。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“脾氣壞的”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“急躁的”，C項(xiàng)“易怒的”，D項(xiàng)“古怪的”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

7.

Charlotteseesnohopeinlifebecause______.A.shefeelsalienatedfromherbusyhusbandB.shefeelsunabletostandthehardshipsinJapanC.shehasbeenabandonedbyherhusbandD.shehashadarecurringnightmareaboutherdeath正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Marriedtwoyears,shealreadyfeelslostintherelationship,unabletoparticipateinherhusband'scareerorpinpointwhatshewantsoutoflife.”可知，A項(xiàng)“Charlotte覺得她和忙碌丈夫之間的關(guān)系很疏遠(yuǎn)”是她感覺生活無望的原因，所以符合題意。B項(xiàng)“她覺得不能承受日本的艱辛生活”，文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“她已經(jīng)被她丈夫拋棄了”，文中說和丈夫關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)，并沒說被丈夫拋棄；D項(xiàng)“她總是做關(guān)于她的死亡的惡夢(mèng)”，這在文中沒有涉及相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

8.

Thetwocharactersinthefilmcanbedescribedas______.A.exhaustedbuthappyB.energeticbutindifferentC.enthusiasticandromanticD.emotionallytiredandlonely正確答案：D[解析]BobHarris和Charlotte是電影中的兩個(gè)角色，他們的婚姻狀況都是不理想的，在糟糕的婚姻關(guān)系中感到身心疲憊，他們的內(nèi)心深處是孤獨(dú)的。所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“疲憊但是幸?！?，B項(xiàng)“精力充沛但是冷漠”，C項(xiàng)“熱情浪漫”，這顯然和文中對(duì)兩個(gè)人物的描述不符。

9.

Theword"succumbed"underlinedinthelastParagraphrefersto______.A.submittoB.obeyC.resignD.truckle正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中最后一段的內(nèi)容“hassuccumbedinlarge,measuretoWesternculture”可知，已經(jīng)屈從了西方文化。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“遵從”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“遵守”，C項(xiàng)“辭職”，D項(xiàng)“討好”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

10.

Itcanbelearnedthat"Tokyodream-pop"______.A.wasadaptedtothemusicofthefilmB.wascomposedbyBrianReitzellC.mustbeathemesongsunginthemovieD.mustbeaboutTokyo'sWesternization正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中最后一段的內(nèi)容“ThescoreproducedbyBrianReitzellcreatedoutofJapanesemusicalthemesand'Tokyodream-pop'addstothesenseofanEasterncitythathassuccumbedinlargemeasuretoWesternculture.”可知Thescore是在日本音樂主題和Tokyodream-pop的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)立的音樂，為適應(yīng)電影的需要，進(jìn)行了改動(dòng)。所以A符合題意。B項(xiàng)“是BrianReitzell創(chuàng)作的”，BrianReitzell創(chuàng)作的是Thescore，而不是“Tokyodream-pop”；C項(xiàng)“一定是電影的主題曲”，D項(xiàng)“一定是關(guān)于東京的西方化”，C、D兩項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到。

JanHendrikSchon'ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaboratories,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—detailingnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachestothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.

Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they'remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's"ImpactFactor",ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor"asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey'reconsideringsupporting.11.

Theword"suspicious"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.doubtfulB.incredibleC.stupendousD.horrendous正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious”可知，這樣的產(chǎn)出量讓他的同事震驚，他們產(chǎn)生了懷疑。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“懷疑的，可疑的”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“難以置信的”，C項(xiàng)“驚人的，了不起的”，D項(xiàng)“可怕的，恐怖的”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

12.

TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe______.A.surprisingB.inconceivableC.praiseworthyD.fraudulent正確答案：D[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.2002年10月，一個(gè)貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的調(diào)查顯示，斯克恩篡改和捏造數(shù)據(jù)”可知，D項(xiàng)fraudulent“欺詐的，不正的，不誠實(shí)的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“驚人的；意外的”，B項(xiàng)“不可思議的”，C項(xiàng)“值得贊許的”，這三項(xiàng)和文中內(nèi)容不符合。

13.

Theword"fabricated"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fakeB.compileC.drawupD.analyze正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata”可知，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)Schon篡改和編造數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“編造，捏造”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“編纂”，C項(xiàng)“起草”，D項(xiàng)“分析”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

14.

TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon'soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsforA.theiracademicprestigeB.theirimportancetocareersuccessC.theirpopularitywithscientificcirclesD.theirreviewingsystem正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachestothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.”可知，人們質(zhì)疑，《自然》和《科學(xué)》這兩本雜志在作為為什么科學(xué)可以向民眾傳達(dá)的仲裁者方面的力量是否太強(qiáng)大了，并且，它們能否勝任看門人的角色。所以A項(xiàng)“他們的學(xué)術(shù)威望”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)職業(yè)成功的重要性”，C項(xiàng)“他們科學(xué)界的普遍性”，D項(xiàng)“他們的評(píng)審體系”，這三項(xiàng)和文中第二段內(nèi)容不符合。

15.

Theword"renown"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.reputationB.purposeC.nameD.achievement正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“scientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals”可知，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)贏得戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手的名聲。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“聲譽(yù)，名聲”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“目的”，C項(xiàng)“姓名，名稱”，D項(xiàng)“成績(jī)，成就”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

16.

Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesScienceandNaturepowerful?A.Theycoverthebestresearchesonavarietyofsubjects.B.Theypublishcontroversialpapersthatotherswon't.C.Theypreferpapersonhighlyspecializedresearch.D.Theyhaveaspecialsystemofpeer-review.正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.”可知，《科學(xué)》和《自然》這兩家雜志是僅有的涉及所有學(xué)科科目的主要期刊。所以A項(xiàng)“他們涵蓋了所有科目的最好的研究”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“他們出版其他雜志不出版的有爭(zhēng)議性的論文”，C項(xiàng)“他們選擇高度專業(yè)性的研究論文”，D項(xiàng)“同行評(píng)審中他們有一個(gè)特殊的系統(tǒng)”，這三項(xiàng)在文中都沒有提到。

17.

Theexpression"thecreamofthecrop"inParagraph3mostlikelymeans"______".A.themostofallB.thebestofallC.therecentlyreleasedD.thewidelyspread正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.”可知，creamofthecrop的字面意思為“植物奶油”，暗指最好的東西，因?yàn)樽匀缓涂茖W(xué)兩本雜志的地位，所以記者每個(gè)星期都會(huì)從中挑選最好的科學(xué)論文。所以B項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“其中大部分的”，C項(xiàng)“最近發(fā)表的”，D項(xiàng)“廣泛傳播的”，這三項(xiàng)顯然和文中creamofthecrop要表達(dá)的意思不符。

18.

Theword"acclaims"underlinedinParagraph3refersto______.A.complimentB.prizeC.bonusD.core正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative”可知，專業(yè)期刊的出版物將贏得學(xué)術(shù)稱贊。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“贊美”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“獎(jiǎng)品”，C項(xiàng)“獎(jiǎng)金”，D項(xiàng)“分?jǐn)?shù)”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

19.

ScientistsknowthatbyreachingthejournalistsforScienceandNaturetheywouldgetabetterchanceto______.A.havemoreoftheirpaperspublishedinthejournalsinthefutureB.havetheirnamesappearinmanyotherrenownpublicationsC.havetheirresearchresultsunderstoodbythegeneralpublicD.havetheirsuperiorsgivethemmonetaryawardforthepublication正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.”可知，如果文章出現(xiàn)在《科學(xué)》和《自然》這兩本雜志上，那么文章就有出現(xiàn)在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和其他出版物上的機(jī)會(huì)。所以B項(xiàng)“他們的名字會(huì)出現(xiàn)在其他著名的出版物上”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“將來他們有更多的論文發(fā)表在雜志上”，文中強(qiáng)調(diào)是論文能出現(xiàn)在其他出版物上，而不是將來可以有更多的論文繼續(xù)發(fā)表在這兩本雜志上；C項(xiàng)“讓他們的研究結(jié)果得到公眾的了解”。D項(xiàng)“讓他們的上級(jí)為他們的出版物給予金錢回報(bào)”，C、D兩項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到。

20.

Comparedwithotherjournals,NatureandSciencewouldgivetheauthorsanextrabenefitthattheirpapers______.A.willbemorelikelytobecomeinfluentialandbecitedB.willbemorelikelytobefreefromchallengebypeersC.willbereviewedwithgreatercaretoensuretheauthorityD.willreappearintheiroriginalinpaperslikeNewYorkTimes正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內(nèi)容“Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they'remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.”可知，因?yàn)椤犊茖W(xué)》和《自然》這兩本雜志非常具有權(quán)威性，當(dāng)更多的科學(xué)家知道某一篇論文時(shí)，他們會(huì)將其內(nèi)容引用在自己的文章中。所以A項(xiàng)“將更有可能變得更有影響和被引用”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“將更有可能遠(yuǎn)離同輩人的挑戰(zhàn)”，C項(xiàng)“將被仔細(xì)地審查以確保權(quán)威性”，D項(xiàng)“將重新出現(xiàn)在像《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》這樣的原始論文中”，文中沒有涉及和這三項(xiàng)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

Although"namingrights"haveproliferatedinAmericanhighereducationforthepastseveraldecades,thephenomenonhasrecentlyexpandedtoextraordinarylengths.Anythingtogetanextradollaroutofdonorsisfairgame.Iknowcollegesanduniversitiessorelyneedtoraisefundsinthesetimesoffiscalconstraints,butthingshavegottenabitoutofhand.

Universitiesandcollegeshavelongbeennamedafterdonors-thinkofHarvard,Yale,Brown,andmanyothers.JohnHarvardwouldhardlygetabenchnamedafterhimtoday,giventhemodestyofhisgiftofbooksforthelibrarybackintheseventeenthcentury.Nowittakesmuchmoretogetone'snameonacollege.Oneinstitution,RowanUniversityofNewJersey,changeditsname(fromGlassboroStateCollege)notlongagowhenalargedonationwasmade.Buildings,too,havebeenaffected.Traditionally,theywerenamedafterpeoplesuchasdistinguishedscholarsorvisionaryacademicleaders;nowthey'reoftennamedafterbigdonors.

Whyisallofthishappeningnow?Themainmotivationforthenamingfrenzyis,ofcourse,toraisemoney.Donorslovetoseetheirnames,orthenamesoftheirparentsorotherrelatives,onbuildings,schools,institutions,professorships,andthelike.Increasingly,corporationsandotherbusinessesalsoseektobenefitfromhavingtheirnamesoneducationalfacilities.Today,nolimitsseemtoexistonwhatcanbenamed.Ifsomethingdoesnothaveaname,itisupforgrabs—astaircase,apond,oraparkinggarage.Onceallthemajorfacilitieshavetitles,lesserthingsgoonthenamingauctionblock.Collegesanduniversities,publicandprivate,areallunderincreasedpressuretoraisemoney,andnamingbringsincash.

Itisunproductive.Separatebrandingweakensthefocusandmissionofaninstitutionandperhapsevenitsbroaderreputation.Itconfusesthepublic,includingpotentialstudents,andfeedstheideathatthetwenty-first-centuryuniversityissimplyaconfederationofindependententrepreneurialdomains.

ThetrendsweseenowintheUnitedStates,andperhapstomorrowinothercountries,willinevitablyweakentheconceptoftheuniversityasaninstitutionthatisdevotedtothesearchfortruthandthetransmissionofknowledge.Allthisnamingdistractsfromthemissionofaninstitutionthathasalmostamillenniumofhistoryandcheapensitsimage.Itisasadsymbolindeedofthecommercializationandentrepreneurialismofthecontemporaryuniversity.21.

Theword"constraints"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.restraintB.limitationC.confinementD.strain正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“Iknowcollegesanduniversitiessorelyneedtoraisefundsinthesetimesoffiscalconstraints,butthingshavegottenabitoutofhand”可知，高等院校需要在財(cái)政限制時(shí)期籌集資金。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“限制”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“限定”，C項(xiàng)“限制，監(jiān)禁”，D項(xiàng)“拉力，拉緊”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

22.

Fromthe2ndparagraph,wecanlearnthatJohnHarvard______.A.gotauniversitynamedafterhimduetohisdonatedbooksB.wouldonlygetabenchnamedafterhimtodayC.wasthefirstdonorforhighereducationin17thcenturyD.wasthefounderofHarvardUniversity正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“JohnHarvardwouldhardlygetabenchnamedafterhimtoday,giventhemodestyofhisgiftofbooksforthelibrarybackintheseventeenthcentury.”可知，在17世紀(jì)，約翰·哈佛捐贈(zèng)書籍給學(xué)校圖書館，于是學(xué)校就以他的名字命名了，所以A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榫栀?zèng)書籍，讓一所大學(xué)以他的名字命名”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“如今只能讓一個(gè)條凳以他的名字命名”，這在文中只是一種假設(shè)情況；C項(xiàng)“在17世紀(jì)是第一個(gè)高教機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈(zèng)人”，D項(xiàng)“是哈佛大學(xué)的創(chuàng)立者”，C、D兩項(xiàng)在文中沒有出現(xiàn)。

23.

Theword"visionary"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.forward-lookingB.providentC.famousD.prominent正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Traditionally,theywerenamedafterpeoplesuchasdistinguishedscholarsorvisionaryacademicleaders”可知，他們根據(jù)人的名字命名，如著名學(xué)者，或者有遠(yuǎn)見的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“有遠(yuǎn)見的，向前看的”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“節(jié)儉的”，C項(xiàng)“著名的”，D項(xiàng)“杰出的，卓越的”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

24.

Inthepast,thebuildingsinuniversitieswerenamedafter______.A.politicalleadersB.wealthyalumniC.outstandingscholarsD.famousdonors正確答案：C[解析]根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Traditionally,theywerenamedafterpeoplesuchasdistinguishedscholarsorvisionaryacademicleaders;nowthey'reoftennamedafterbigdonors.”傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)的建筑一般以著名學(xué)者或有遠(yuǎn)見的學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人的名字來命名。所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”，B項(xiàng)“有錢的老校友”，D項(xiàng)“著名的捐贈(zèng)者”，這三項(xiàng)和文中第二段內(nèi)容不符。

25.

Theword"frenzy"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.swivetB.derangementC.puzzleD.excitement正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Themainmotivationforthenamingfrenzyis,ofcourse,toraisemoney”可知，當(dāng)然，熱衷于命名的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)是籌集資金。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“極度的激動(dòng)，狂亂”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“精神錯(cuò)亂”，C項(xiàng)“迷惑，難題”，D項(xiàng)“興奮”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

26.

Themainpurposeforcorporationstodonatemoneytouniversitiesis______.A.toraisemoremoneyB.togetbenefitandreputationC.totrainskillfulstudentsforthemD.toimproveeducationalfacilities正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Increasingly,corporationsandotherbusinessesalsoseektobenefitfromhavingtheirnamesoneducationalfacilities.”可知，越來越多的公司和企業(yè)也尋求以他們名字來給教育設(shè)施命名，以求獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。所以B項(xiàng)“得到利益和名譽(yù)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“為了籌集到更多的錢”，C項(xiàng)“為他們培訓(xùn)更多有技能的學(xué)生”，D項(xiàng)“提高教育設(shè)施”，這三項(xiàng)和文中第三段內(nèi)容不符合。

27.

Inthe4thparagraph,theword"unproductive"probablymeans______.A.namingcannotbringbenefitstothedonatingbusinessesB.separatenamingyieldsabroaderreputationforauniversityC.out-of-handnamingweakensthegoalofhighereducationD.namingcannotraiseenoughmoneyforauniversity'sdevelopment正確答案：C[解析]unproductive的本意為“非生產(chǎn)性的；徒勞的；不毛的；不生產(chǎn)的”，根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Separatebrandingweakensthefocusandmissionofaninstitutionandperhapsevenitsbroaderreputation.”可知，一些與商業(yè)利益聯(lián)系的研究機(jī)構(gòu)的命名形式，削弱了研究機(jī)構(gòu)本身的重心和使命，甚至削弱其廣泛的聲譽(yù)。所以C項(xiàng)“無法控制的命名趨勢(shì)消弱了高等教育的目標(biāo)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“命名不能給捐獻(xiàn)企業(yè)帶來好處”，B項(xiàng)“單獨(dú)的命名為一所大學(xué)產(chǎn)生廣泛的聲譽(yù)”，D項(xiàng)“命名不能給一所大學(xué)的發(fā)展籌集到足夠的資金”，這三項(xiàng)和文意不符。

28.

Theword"transmission"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.A.spreadB.inculcationC.cultivationD.development正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“thatisdevotedtothesearchfortruthandthetransmissionofknowledge”可知，致力于尋求真理和知識(shí)的傳播。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“傳播，散布”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“灌輸”，C項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)，教化”，D項(xiàng)“發(fā)展，開發(fā)”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

29.

Accordingtotheauthor,auniversityshouldbeaplace______.A.devotedtothesearchfortruthB.commercializedbynamingtrendsC.attractingpotentialstudentsD.focusingonscientificresearchonly正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“ThetrendsweseenowintheUnitedStates,andperhapstomorrowinothercountries,willinevitablyweakentheconceptoftheuniversityasaninstitutionthatisdevotedtothesearchfortruthandthetransmissionofknowledge.”可知，大學(xué)作為一種機(jī)構(gòu)的觀念就是致力于對(duì)真理的追求和知識(shí)的傳播上。所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。B項(xiàng)“被命名潮流商業(yè)化的地方”，C項(xiàng)“吸引有潛力學(xué)生的地方”，D項(xiàng)“只應(yīng)專注于科研的地方”，這三項(xiàng)在文中都沒有提到。

30.

Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorholdsa(n)______attitudetowardsthecurrentnamingphenomenoninAmericanhighereducation.A.supportiveB.criticalC.indifferentD.sarcastic正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容“Allthisnamingdistractsfromthemissionofaninstitutionthathasalmostamillenniumofhistoryandcheapensitsimage.Itisasadsymbolindeedofthecommercializationandentrepreneurialismofthecontemporaryuniversity.”可知，作者認(rèn)為這種命名形式貶低了高校的形象，是商業(yè)化和企業(yè)化悲哀的象征，所以作者對(duì)這種命名方式是持批判態(tài)度的，所以B項(xiàng)“批判的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“支持的”，C項(xiàng)“中立的”，D項(xiàng)“諷刺”，這三項(xiàng)都不是作者對(duì)命名方式的態(tài)度。

She'scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold—enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty."Youcanseeit.It'sjustsoextraordinary,"saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston'ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a"hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind"feminized"versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprising—andhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer"looks-ism"untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:"Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenslavedbyit."31.

Theword"symmetrical"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.proportionateB.gorgeousC.splendidD.unique正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold”可知，勻稱的體型，無暇的皮膚，看起來只有22歲。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“成比例的”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“漂亮的”，C項(xiàng)“華麗的”，D項(xiàng)“個(gè)性的，有特點(diǎn)的”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

32.

Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis______.A.infactinherlatetwentiesB.Johnston'sidealgirlfriendC.astunningbeautyD.isaprofessionalprostitute正確答案：C[解析]通過第一段內(nèi)容“She'scute...awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.”可知，這位女士是一位漂亮的女人。據(jù)此判斷，應(yīng)選擇C。A項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上她20多歲”文中提到他看起來有22歲，但是并未給出她的真實(shí)年齡，與文意不符；B項(xiàng)“約翰斯頓的理想女友”，D項(xiàng)“是個(gè)職業(yè)妓女”，這兩項(xiàng)在文中均未提到。所以，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

33.

Theword"exaggerated"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.overstateB.magnifyC.overdrawD.aggrandize正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedtheways”可知，正在改變的項(xiàng)目夸大了方式。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“夸大”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“放大，擴(kuò)大”，C項(xiàng)“透支”，D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大某人的權(quán)