【MOOC】Explore the Materials-From an Atom to a Device（走進材料-從原子到器件）-北京航空航天大學 中國大學慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】ExploretheMaterials——FromanAtomtoaDevice（走進材料——從原子到器件）-北京航空航天大學中國大學慕課MOOC答案第一章測驗1、【單選題】Thebasicunitofmaterialsis_____,whichcanbonddirectlytogethertoformmaterials,orconvertintoions,orassembleintomolecules.本題答案：【atom】2、【單選題】Crystallinestructureisadescriptionoftheorderedarrangementofatoms,ionsormoleculesinacrystallinematerial.Weoftenuse____toillustratethe3Dstructure,whichisanarrayof'smallboxes'infinitelyrepeatinginthreespatialdirections.本題答案：【crystallattice】3、【單選題】Atomscouldbebondedindifferentpatterns,wecallthemchemicalbonds.Thethreemaintypesofchemicalbondsaremetallic,ionicand______bonds.本題答案：【covalent】4、【單選題】Accordingtothedominantmaterialusedbyhumanbeing,theearlydevelopmentofmankindcanbenamedastheStoneAge,theCopperage,theBronzeAgeandthe_____age.本題答案：【Iron】5、【多選題】Accordingtochemicalcomposition,materialsareusuallyclassifiedasmetals,__________,polymersand_________.本題答案：【ceramics#composites】6、【判斷題】Atomsaremadefromevensmallerparticles.TheyareProtons,NeutronsandElectrons.本題答案：【正確】7、【填空題】Thesequenceofdifferentscalesismacro,mini,meso,______,nanoandatomic.本題答案：【micro】第二章測驗1、【單選題】Metallicmaterialsaremostly______innature.本題答案：【crystalline】2、【單選題】Basedonthe3-dimensionalconfigurationsofatomsincrystals,allthecrystallatticestructurescanbeclassifiedas_______crystalsystemsand______Bravaislatticesystem.本題答案：【seven,fourteen】3、【單選題】Asindicatedinfollowingfigure,thecrystalplaneinthecubiccellcouldbewrittenas_____.本題答案：【(110)】4、【單選題】Steelisactuallyanalloyof_____and_____.本題答案：【iron,carbon】5、【單選題】Whichoneisnotthetypicalpropertyofmetallicmaterials?本題答案：【brittle】6、【多選題】Becauseofthestrongbonding,metallicmaterialsusuallyhavehighpackingdensity.Typicallatticestructuresofmetalsinclude_____,_____and_____structure.本題答案：【body-centeredcubic#face-centeredcubic#hexagonalclose-pacedstructure】7、【判斷題】Analloyphasediagramisagraphicalrepresentationtoshowtherelationshipsbetweenthevariousphasesthatappearwithinthesystemunderequilibriumconditions.Inaphasediagram,usuallycompositionisplottedonthex-axisandpressureisplottedonthey-axis.本題答案：【錯誤】第三章測驗1、【單選題】Themajorityofmetalhasatendencytochangeinto______gradually,exceptseveralnoblemetals,duetotheexposuretotheenvironment.本題答案：【metalliccompounds】2、【單選題】Amongvarioustypesofcorrosions,_______corrosionisthemostcommonone.本題答案：【electrochemical】3、【單選題】Alfoilscouldkeepshining,insteadofcorrosion.It’sbecauseof____,whichformsaverythinlayerofoxidizedfilmtoinhibitAlforfurthercorrosion.本題答案：【passivation】4、【單選題】Basedontheinsertedtableofstandardelectrodepotentialsofmetals,itcouldbeinferredthat______showshighertendencytobecorrodedinaqueoussolutionat25°C.本題答案：【Zinc】5、【多選題】Inordertoreducethelossfromcorrosion,wecouldusethefollowingmethods:______.本題答案：【electrochemicalprotection#applicationofcoatings#appropriatematerialsselection#suitabledesign】6、【判斷題】Thestandardelectrodepotentialofdifferentmetalsinanaqueoussolutioncouldapproximatelyshowtheirthermodynamicstability.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Thecathodicreactionisprobablyoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)whensteeliscorrodedinanacidaqueoussolution本題答案：【錯誤】第四章測試1、【單選題】______isnotthepropertyofinorganicnon-metallicmaterials.本題答案：【lowmeltingtemperature】2、【單選題】Whichisnotcorrect?本題答案：【Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheyaremadeofultrapurerawmaterials.】3、【多選題】______arethechemicalbondsininorganicnon-metallicmaterials.本題答案：【ionicbonds#mixedbonds】4、【多選題】Choosethegeneralpropertiesofceramicsfromthefollowing本題答案：【Hard#Wear-resistant#Oxidationresistant】5、【多選題】Whicharecorrectinthefollowingoptions?本題答案：【Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheycontaingascavity.#Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheyabsorblightsandcauselightscattering.#Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheycontainimpurities.】6、【判斷題】Theglasshavevariouscolorsbecausetheycontaindifferentmetalsorrareearthmetals.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Inorganicnon-metallicmaterialshavehigherthermalconductivitythanmetals.本題答案：【錯誤】第五章測試1、【單選題】______isthecharacteristicunitofpolymerstructure.本題答案：【Monomer】2、【多選題】Choosethecharacteristicsofcopolymersfromthefollowingoptions.本題答案：【Havetwoormoretypesofmonomers.#Haveacomplexstructure】3、【多選題】______arethepossiblefeaturesofpolymermaterials.本題答案：【Longchain#Repeatunits#Crystalline】4、【多選題】______,______and______arethepolymermaterials.本題答案：【Starch#Protein#Leather】5、【判斷題】ThecomponentsofaspeciesABinanadditionreactionareaddedtoadjacentatomsofasinglebond.本題答案：【錯誤】6、【判斷題】CrystallizationoccursabovetheGlasstransitiontemperature(Tg)andbelowthemeltingtemperature(Tm).本題答案：【正確】第六章測驗1、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingoptionsmayshowgreatercoercivity？本題答案：【Permanentmagneticmaterials】2、【單選題】Thereasonfortheresistancechangeofgiantmagnetoresistancesystemis本題答案：【Spin】3、【單選題】Whatapplicationsaresoftmagneticmaterialsmorelikelytobeusedin？本題答案：【Informationstorage】4、【單選題】Whichpropertyofelectronsisrelatedtothegiantmagnetoresistanceeffect？本題答案：【Spin】5、【單選題】Themagnetismofferromagneticmaterialsoriginatesfrom本題答案：【Magneticmoment】6、【多選題】Howtoclassifythemagneticmaterialsfromtheperspectiveofsusceptibility?本題答案：【Paramagneticmaterials#Diamagneticmaterials#Ferromagneticmaterials#Ferrimagneticmaterials#Antiferromagneticmaterials】7、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingelementsisaferromagneticelement？本題答案：【Fe#Ni#Co】8、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingoptionsmightbeusedforinformationstorage?本題答案：【Permanentmagenticdevices#Giantmagnetoresistancedevices】9、【判斷題】Thecontributionfromatomicnucleustoatomicmagneticmomentcanalwaysbeignored.本題答案：【錯誤】第七章測驗1、【單選題】Chiralobjectcanbesuperposedonitsmirrorimageby:本題答案：【Noneofthem】2、【單選題】Whattypeofthebondsaretherebetweenthegecko'stoesetaandthewallsurface?本題答案：【VanderWaalsforce】3、【單選題】Thecolorofbutterflywingsmaycomefrom本題答案：【Reflection】4、【單選題】Propertiesofmetamaterialsmaynotbechangedby本題答案：【Noneofthem】5、【單選題】Thechiraldrugsare本題答案：【uncertaintobeharmfulorbeneficial】6、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingfactorswillaffectthepropertiesofmetamaterials?本題答案：【Materialcomposition#Molecularstructure#Crystalstructure#Macrostructurecharacteristics】7、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingpropertiesmaybeaffectedbymetamaterialstructure?本題答案：【Opticalproperties#Mechanicalproperty#Electromagneticproperties#Thermalproperties】8、【多選題】Whichofthefollowingoptionshaschiralcharacteristics？本題答案：【Hurricane#Aminoacid#Protein#DNA#Spiralnebula】9、【判斷題】Thereisonlyonechiralcenterinchiralmolecules.本題答案：【錯誤】10、【判斷題】Metamaterialsdonotexistinnature。本題答案：【錯誤】第八章測驗1、【多選題】______areadvantagesofrenewableenergy.本題答案：【canbereplenishedonahumantimescale#Nocarbondioxideemission#existoverwidegeographicalareas】2、【多選題】ThecharacteristicsofLi-ionbatteriesinclude_______.本題答案：【highenergydensity#longcyclelife#highvoltage】3、【多選題】______arereasonsforchoosingLiasanimportantbatterymaterial.本題答案：【itisthelowestreductionpotential#itisthethirdlightestelement#ithassmallestionicradius】4、【判斷題】Fuelcellcanconvertchemicalenergytoelectricalenergy.本題答案：【正確】5、【判斷題】Energycanbecreatedordestroyed.本題答案：【錯誤】6、【判斷題】Renewableenergycanmatchtheclients'sneedsanytimeandanywhere,inaddition,it'sconstructionischeap.本題答案：【錯誤】第九章測驗1、【單選題】ThethermoelectricconversionefficiencyisdeterminedbythefigureofmeritZT,______isnottheparameterwhicheffectthevalueofZT.本題答案：【current】2、【多選題】______and______arefundamentalphysicalphenomenon,theircorrespondingenergycanbeconvertedviathermoelectricmaterials.本題答案：【thermal#electric】3、【多選題】______arestrategiesfordevelopingwide-gapthermoelectrics本題答案：【reducingthermalconductivity#improvingtheconductivity#Layeredstructure】4、【多選題】______aretheselectionrulesofhighlyeffectivethermoelectrics.本題答案：【wide-gap#crystals#layered#asymmetricstructures】5、【判斷題】Thermoelectricphenomenoncanbeappliedinelectroniccooling.本題答案：【正確】6、【判斷題】Seebeckeffectindicatesthatthetemperaturegradientproducesthemagneticfield.本題答案：【錯誤】第十章測驗1、【單選題】Graphenecanbepeeledoffbytapefrombulkgraphite,becausethe___forcebetweenthelayersisprettyweak.本題答案：【vanderWaals】2、【單選題】_________isthemostpromisingmethodtogetlargeareaandhigh-quality2Dmaterialsfortheapplicationsofelectronics.本題答案：【Chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)】3、【多選題】Comparedtobulkmaterialsandothernanomaterials,graphenehasthefollowingadvantages:______.本題答案：【thethinnestmaterials#flexibleandtransparent#highratioofsurfaceatoms#quantumphenomena】4、【多選題】Generally,therearetwodifferentstrategiestogetultrathin2Dmaterials:________methodand_________method.本題答案：【top-down#bottom-up】5、【多選題】For2Dmaterials,thefollowingmethodshavebeendevelopedaseffectiveonestotunetheirproperties:____________.本題答案：【defects#dopingoralloying#phaseengineering#heterostructure#intercalation】6、【判斷題】2Dmaterialscanbeappliedinsemiconductors,quantumdevicesandenergydevices.本題答案：【正確】第十一章測驗1、【單選題】Inordertoachievebothflexibleandelectroactiveinmaterialsanddevices,onestrategyistointegrate____withthinsizeontoflexiblesubstrate.本題答案：【electronics】2、【單選題】Forapolymertobeabletoconductelectriccurrent,itmustconsistalternatelyof_____and_____bondsbetweenthecarbonatoms.本題答案：【single,double】3、【多選題】Torealizesensingfunctions,materialswithenergyconversionabilitiesarecrucialfundamentals.Typicalenergyconversionphenomenainmaterialsincludes___________.本題答案：【piezoelectric#pyroelectric#thermoelectric#triboelectric#photovoltaic】4、【多選題】Whichphenomenaisaboutenergyconversionbetweenmechanicalenergyandelectricalenergy?本題答案：【piezoelectric#triboelectric】5、【多選題】Pressureandstrainsensorscoulddetectpressureandstrainchangesthroughseveraltransductionprinciples,including________.本題答案：【capacitance#piezoresistivity#piezoelectricity#triboelectricity】6、【判斷題】Thereareusuallytwowaystomakestretchableelectronics.OneiscalledGeometricEngineering,whichmeansplacingelectronicsinoronintrinsicallystretchableorganicmaterials.本題答案：【錯誤】FinalExam1、【單選題】Polymersarecomposedofmonomerswhicharechemicallyheldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Thesebondsaremostly___.本題答案：【covalentbonds】2、【單選題】ThethermoelectricconversionefficiencyisdeterminedbythefigureofmeritZT,______isnottheparameterwhicheffectthevalueofZT.本題答案：【current】3、【單選題】______isnotthepolymermaterial.本題答案：【Sugar】4、【單選題】Theenergyissuesdon’tinclude______本題答案：【energyconversion】5、【單選題】______arenotcharacteristicsofli-ionbatteries.本題答案：【highself-dischargerate】6、【單選題】Atomscouldbebondedindifferentpatterns.Wecallthemchemicalbonds.Thethreemaintypesofchemicalbondsaremetallic,ionicand______bonds.本題答案：【covalent】7、【單選題】Crystallinestructureisadescriptionoftheorderedarrangementofatoms,ionsormoleculesinacrystallinematerial.Weoftenuse____toillustratethe3Dstructure,whichisanarrayof'smallboxes'infinitelyrepeatinginthreespatialdirections.本題答案：【crystallattice】8、【單選題】Basedonthe3-dimensionalconfigurationsofatomsincrystals,allthecrystallatticestructurescanbeclassifiedas_______crystalsystemsand______Bravaislatticesystem.本題答案：【seven,fourteen】9、【單選題】Asindicatedinfollowingfigure,thecrystalplaneinthecubiccellcouldbewrittenas_____.本題答案：【(100)】10、【單選題】Steelisactuallyanalloyof_____and_____.本題答案：【iron,carbon】11、【單選題】Analloyphasediagramisagraphicalrepresentationtoshowtherelationshipsbetweenthevariousphasesthatappearwithinthesystemunderequilibriumconditions.Inaphasediagram,usually_____isplottedasthex-axisand______isplottedasthey-axis.本題答案：【composition,temperature】12、【單選題】Amongvarioustypesofcorrosions,_______corrosionisthemostcommonone.本題答案：【electrochemical】13、【單選題】Alfoilscouldkeepshining,insteadofcorrosion.It’sbecauseof____,whichformsaverythinlayerofoxidizedfilmtoinhibitAlforfurthercorrosion.本題答案：【passivation】14、【單選題】Basedontheinsertedtableofstandardelectrodepotentialsofmetals,itcouldbeinferredthat______showshigherthermodynamicactivityinaqueoussolutionat25°C.本題答案：【Zinc】15、【單選題】Amongvariousstrategiestoprepare2Dmaterials,_________isthemostpromisingonetogetlargeareaandhigh-quality2Dmaterialsfortheapplicationsofelectronics.本題答案：【Chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)】16、【單選題】Theformationofcrystalshavetwosteps:nucleationandgrowth.InordertopreparelargescalegraphenesinglecrystalthroughChemicalvapordeposition(CVD),howcanwetunethenucleationandgrowthrate?本題答案：【Lownucleationdensityandfastgrowthrate】17、【單選題】Inordertoevaluatetheclosed-packeddensityofdifferentlatticestructure,wefindaparametercalledAtomicPackingFactor(APF),whichmeanstheratioof____to____.本題答案：【volumeofatomsinunitcell,volumeofunitcell】18、【單選題】Thedivisionofsoftmagneticmaterialsandhardmagneticmaterialsisbasedon_______.本題答案：【Coercivity】19、【單選題】ThecompassinventedinancientChinamaybemadeof本題答案：【Ferrimagneticmaterial】20、【多選題】______arebelongingtoenergystoragebattery.本題答案：【leadacidbattery#Li-ionbattery#nickelmetalhydridebattery】21、【多選題】______areadvantagesofrenewableenergy.本題答案：【canbereplenishedonahumantimescale#existoverwidegeographicalareas#Nocarbondioxideemission】22、【多選題】Accordingtochemicalcomposition,materialsareusuallyclassifiedasmetals,__________,_________andcomposites.本題答案：【ceramics#polymers】23、【多選題】Metallicmaterialsaremostlycrystallineinnature.Becauseofthestrongbonding,metallicmaterialsusuallyhavehighpackingdensity.Typicallatticestructuresofmetalsinclude_____,_____and_____structure.本題答案：【body-centeredcubic#face-centeredcubic#hexagonalclose-pacedstructure】24、【多選題】Generally,therearetwodifferentstrategiestogetultrathin2Dmaterials:________methodand_________method.本題答案：【top-down#bottom-up】25、【多選題】Thereareusuallytwowaystomakeflexibleelectronics,whichare_____and_______.本題答案：【GeometricEngineering#