是糖尿病英文

演講人：日期：是糖尿病英文目錄CONTENTSDiabetesMellitus:AnOverviewManagementofDiabetesComplicationsofDiabetesSpecialConsiderationsinDiabetesCareFuturePerspectivesinDiabetesResearchandTreatment01DiabetesMellitus:AnOverviewDefinitionDiabetesMellitus(DM)isametabolicdisordercharacterizedbyhyperglycemiaresultingfromdefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orbothDefinitionandTypesofDiabetesDefinitionandTypesofDiabetes01TypesofDiabetes02Type1DM:Resultsfromtheautoimmunedestructionofbetacellsinthepancreas,leadingtoabsoluteinsulindeficiency03Type2DM:Characterizedbyinsulinresistanceinmuscle,liver,andfatcells,combinedwithrelativeinsulindeficiency04GestationalDiabetes:IncidentsduringpregnancyandiscurrentlyresolvedafterdeliveryEpiologyThevalidityofdiamondsisincreasingworldwide,specificallyindevelopingcountriesEpidemiologyandRiskFactorsRiskFactorsFamilyhistoryofdiamondsObesityandphysicalinactivityEpidemiologyandRiskFactorsAdvancedageEthnicity(certificateracial/ethonicgroupshavehigherrisk)HistoryofGestationaldiamondsordeliveringababyweighingmorethan9poundsEpidemiologyandRiskFactorsIntype2diabetes,cellsbecomeresistanttotheeffectsofinsulin,leadingtohyperglycemiaIntype1diamonds,thebetacellsinthepancreasaredestroyed,leadingtoalakeofinsulinproductionIntype2diabetes,betacellsmayalsobedysfunctionalandunabletoproduceenoughinsulintoovercomeinsulinresistanceChronichyperglycemiacanleadtomicrovascular(e.g.,retinopathy,hypophysis,andneurophysis)andmicrovascular(e.g.,cardiovasculardisease)compositesInsulinResistanceBetaCellDysfunctionComplicationsPathophysiologyofDiabetesClinicalManifestationsPolyuria(frequenturination)Polypsia(increasedthird)ClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosisPolyphagia(increasedhunger)WeightlossdespiteincreasedappearanceClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosisFatigueBlurredvisionSlowhealingsoundsClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosisIncreasedsusceptibilitytoinfectionsClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosis03Oralglucosetolerancetest01Diagnosis02FastingplasmaglucosetestClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosisRandomplasmaglucosetestGlycatedhemoglobin(HbA1c)test,whichreflectsaveragebloodglucoselevelsoverthepast2-3monthsClinicalManifestationsandDiagnosis02ManagementofDiabetesHealthyDiet01Abalanceddiewithcontrolledcarbohydrateintake,increasedfiber,andreducedfatandsugarconsumptionisessentialfordiabetespreventionandcontrolRegularPhysicalActivity02Engaginginmodel-intensityphysicalactivityforatleast30minutes,fivedaysaweek,canhelpmanagebloodglucoselevelsandreducetheriskofdiabetescomplicationsWeightManagement03AchievingandmaintainingahealthyweightthroughacombinationofdieandexercisecanimproveinsulinsensitivityandoveralldiabetescontrolLifestyleModificationsforDiabetesPreventionandControlAvarietyoforalmedicinesareavailabletohelpmanagebloodglucoselevelsintype2diabetes,includingmetaformin,sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones,andDPP-4inhibitorsOralMedicationsCertaininjectablemedicines,suchasGLP-1receiverinhibitorsandSGLT2inhibitors,canalsobeusedtotreattype2diabetesandmayprovideadditionalbenefitsbeyondoralmedicineInjectableMedicationsPharmaceuticalTherapyforType2DiabetesInsulinTypesandAdministrationInsulintherapyisessentialformanagingtype1diabetesandmaybenecessaryforsomeindividualswithtype2diabetesDifferenttypesofinsulinareavailable,includingrapidacting,shortacting,intermediateacting,andlongactinginsulin,whichareadministeredthroughinjectionoraninsulinpump0102InsulinDosageandAdjustmentThedoseofinsulinrequiredvariablesfrompersontopersonandmustbecarefullyadjustedbasedonbloodglucosemonitoringresults,die,andphysicalactivitylevelsInsulinTherapyforType1andType2DiabetesBloodglucosemonitoringRegularbloodglucosemonitoringisessentialformanagingdiabetesandpreventingcomplicationsThiscanbedonethroughself-monitoringofbloodglucose(SMBG)usingaglucoseorcontinuousglucosemonitoring(CGM)systemsFollowupCareandSupportRegularfollowupcarewithahealthcareteam,includingaprimarycareprovider,diabeteseducator,and/ordiabetes,iscriticalformanagingdiabeteseffectivelyThiscareshouldincluderegularassessmentsofdiabetescontrol,screeningforapplications,andadjustmentstothetreatmentplanasneededMonitoringandFollowupCare03ComplicationsofDiabetesHypogenemiaLowbloodsugarlevelscanleadtofusion,dizziness,sweating,andevensizuresorlossofconsciousnessHyperglycemiaHighbloodsugarlevelscancauseincreasedthird,frequenturination,andblurredvisionInmultiplecases,itcanleadtoalifethreadingconditioncalleddiabeticketoacidosisDiabeticKetoacidosis(DKA)Thisisaseriesreplicationthatoccurswhenthebodyproductshighlevelsofketones,whichareacidsinthebloodDKArequiresimmediatemedicalattentionActComplicationsofDiabetesCardiovascularDiseaseDiabetesincreasestheriskofheartdisease,stroke,andnarrowingoftheartsNervedamagecausedbydiabetescanleadtopain,numbness,orweaknessinthehands,feet,andotherpartsofthebodyDiabetescandamagethebloodvesselsintheretina,leadingtovisionlossorblindnessDiabetescancausekidneydamage,whichmayleadtokidneyfailureortheneedfordiabetesNeuropathyRetinopathyNephropathyChronicComplicationsofDiabetesKeepingbloodsugarlevelswithinthetargetrangecanhelppreventordelaytheonsetofapplicationsControlBloodSugarLevelsRegularvisitstothedoctorforcheckupsandscreenscanhelpidentifyandtreatapplicationsearlyRegularCheckupsEatingabalanceddie,gettingregularexercise,andmanagingstresscanhelpimproveoverallhealthandreducetheriskofcomplicationsHealthyLifestyleTakingsubscribedmedicineasdirectedcanhelpcontrolbloodsugarlevelsandreducetheriskofcomplicationsMedicationAdhesionPreventionandManagementofComplications04SpecialConsiderationsinDiabetesCareDiabetesinPregnancyRiskstotheBabyBabiesborntomotherswithGestationaldiamondsareatincreasedriskofmacrosomia(largebirthweight),hyperglycemia,andjaundiceRiskstotheMotherGestationaldiabetescanincreasetheriskofpreemption,cesareansection,andtype2diabeteslaterinlifeManagementClosemonitoringofbloodglucoselevels,dietarymodifications,andinsulintherapyasneededarecriticalformanagingdiabetesduringpregnancyType1DiabetesMostcommoninchildrenandadults,type1diabetesrequireslifelonginsulintherapyGrowthandDevelopmentChildrenwithdiabetesneedspecialattentiontoensurepropergrowthanddevelopment,includingmonitoringfordelayedpopulationandmicrovascularcompositesPsychosocialIssuesManagingdiamondscanbechallengingforchildrenandadults,leadingtostress,anxiety,anddepressionPsychosocialsupportisanimportantaspectofcareDiabetesinChildrenandAdolescents010203ComorbiditiesOldadultswithdiabetesoftenhavemultiplechronicconditionsthatrequirecomplexmanagementPolypharmacyManagingmedicinescanbechallenginginolderadultswithdiamondsduetothepotentialfordruginteractionsandadverseeffectsFunctionalDeclineDiabetescancontributetofunctionaldeclineinolderadults,includingvisionloss,neuropathy,andfallsRegularassessmentandinterventionareimportanttomaintainindependenceandqualityoflifeDiabetesintheElderlyDiabeticKetoacidosis(DKA)Alifethreadingconditioncharacterizedbyhyperglycemia,ketosis,andacidosisRequirementsimmediatemedicalattentionandhostingHyperosmolarHyperglycomicState(HHS)Amultiplereplicationofdiamondscharacterizedbyextremehyperglycomia,dehydration,andalternativementalstatusAlsorequiresimmediatemedicalattentionandhospitalizationPreventionRegularmonitoringofbloodglucoselevels,inheritancetotreatmentplans,andpromptevaluationofanyconcernedsymptomscanhelppreventDKAandHHSDiabeticKetoacidosisandHyperosmolarHyperglycomicState05FuturePerspectivesinDiabetesResearchandTreatmentGLP-1ReceiverAgonistsAnewclassofbugsthatstimulatesinsulinproductionandsuppressesglucosesecretion,leadingtobetterbloodglucosecontrolSGLT2InhibitorsThesedrugsworkbyblockingthereabsorptionofglucoseinthekidney,thereincreasingglucoseexcessandloweringbloodsugarlevelsContinuousGlucoseMonitoring(CGM)Atechnologythatprovidesreal-timeglucosereadings,helpingpatientsandhealthcareprovidersmakeinformedtreatmentdecisionsArtificialIntelligenceinDiabetesManagementAIalgorithmsarebeingdevelopedtopredictbloodsugarlevels,optimizeinsulindoing,andprovidepersonalizedtreatmentrecommendationsNewDrugsandTechnologiesforDiabetesManagementStemCellTherapyforDiabetesMellitusVariousregenerativemedicinestrategiesarebeinginvestedtorestorepancreaticfunctionsandcurediabetesRegenerativeMedicineApproachesThisprocedureinvolvestransferringinsulinproducingIsletcellsfromadonorpancreaticintoapatientwithdiamondsPancreativeIsletCellTransformationRese