初中語法之主謂一致

主謂一致知識清單英語中的一致主要包括主語和謂語在人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)上的一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、名詞和其他代詞一致。謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須隨著主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化。▎▎知識點(diǎn)1主謂一致三原則原則釋義例子1.語法一致指主語是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式FrankhasmadegreatprogressinChinesesincehecametoChina.TheBrownsareveryfondofworkingonthefarm.2.意義一致指從意義入手來處理主謂一致。有時(shí)，主語為單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞倚意義而定，即采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thewriterandprofessorisinvitedtomanyuniversitiestodeliverlectures.Theoldareverywelltakencareofinourcountry.3.就近一致指謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的主語一致Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.▎▎知識點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)清單一、名詞作主語的主謂一致1.集合名詞如class,family,group,crowd,team,audience,army,population,crew,company,enemy,government,public,等作主語時(shí)，若視為一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若著眼于個(gè)體或者成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Ourbasketballteamhasbeeninvitedtoplayinanothercity!OurbasketballteamarehavingbathsandthencomingbacktotheRoseHotelfordinner.2.有些集合名詞如staff,cattle,people,police等，總是跟謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Cattlefeedongrass.3.有些集合名詞furniture,equipment,baggage(luggage),clothing,jewellery,machinery等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞總是用單數(shù)形式。Isallthefurnitureinitscorrectposition?4.有些以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的表示衣服或者工具的名詞如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors,socks,stockings,pants,boots,compasses等常被視作復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若這類名詞前有pair(s)of......時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與pair(s)保持一致。Haha...,yourglassesareonyournose.Apairofglassescostsquitealotnow.5.有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞如news、學(xué)科名詞physics,maths,politics等、國家名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)名、書刊名等，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedonJuly4th,1776.MathsMr.Smithteachesisveryinteresting.Wealllikehislessons.6.一些形式上為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞如goods,clothes,surroundings,theOlympicGames,sales,belongs等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用。TheOlympicGamesaregrowingsobigthatmostcitiesmaynotbeabletohosttheminfuture.7.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep,fish,deer,works(工廠),species(種類),means(方法),series等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式視句中所表達(dá)的意思而定。Therearedifferentmeansofcommunicatingwithastranger.Eachmeanshasbeentriedtosolvetheproblem,butnoneiseffective.8.表示時(shí)間、金錢、重量、距離、長度等的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時(shí)，常被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eighteurosisenoughtopayforthepants.ThreehundredkilometersfromChengdutoChongqingisquitealongdrive,isn’tit?二、含有修飾語的名詞的主謂一致1.anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示“許多......”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“......的數(shù)目”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Anumberofstudentsareplantingtreesonthehill.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolhasgrownfrom1,800tomorethan2,500.2.some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,allof,mostof,therestof,partof,onehalfof等修飾名詞時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的形式視被修飾的名詞的數(shù)而定。Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.PartoftheforeignteachersinourschoolarefromJapan.3.aquantityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；(large)quantitiesof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Alargequantityofwashingmachineshasbeensoldout.Greatquantitiesofsandwerewasheddownthehillsidebytherainlastnight.4.“百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，一般跟of后的名詞的數(shù)來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.50%ofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.5.themajorityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；themajority單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞即可用單數(shù)形式也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThemajorityofpeopleseemtopreferTVtoradio.Themajorityagree(s)withme.6.aseriesof+名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesoftapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.7.“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”或者“manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Morethanoneboyhasreadthestory.三、代詞作主語的主謂一致1.all（單獨(dú)作主語）指人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；指物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。AllarepresentbesidesKobeBeanBryant.Allisgoingonverywell.2.none作主語時(shí)，如果指人或者可數(shù)的物，指數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；如果指不可數(shù)名詞，指量，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Noneofthedearleader’sthreesonsseem(s)readytofillhisshoes.Erichasspentallhismoneyonthisgames.Noneisleft.3.不定代詞either,neither,each,one,theother,another,someone,anybody,noone等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Someonehasparkedthesharingbikeinthestreet.Nooneisactuallyabletocompletetheworkinsuchashorttime.4.neitherof/eitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可（常用復(fù)數(shù)）。Neitherofthoseheadphonesis/aretryingtoimpressyou.5.“eachof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者代詞+each”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eachofthemlikesplayingpingpong.=Theyeachlikeplayingpingpong.6.such作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式因其意義而定。Thelittlegirlwantsabigbedandmanytoys.Suchareherwishes.Suchwasmypredictionadecadesago,andI’mstickingtoit.7.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who,which,that等作主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式視先行詞的數(shù)而定。若先行詞是oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若one前有the等限定時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。ThosewhohaveseenthefilmWanderingEarthputupyourhandsplease.SheisoneofthegirlsinourclasswhoknowFrench.SheistheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclasswhoknowsFrench.四、動(dòng)名詞短語、不定式短語或者名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Tobeornottobeisaquestion.五、并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的一部分作主語的主謂一致1.就近一致...or...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...連接的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語一致，即就近一致原則。Eitheryouorsheistogo.NotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherreadsEnglisheveryday.2.就遠(yuǎn)一致“名詞或者代詞A+with/togetherwith/alongwith/aswellas/suchas/like/including/besides/but/except/inadditionto/ratherthan(而不是)+名詞或者代詞B”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由“名詞或者代詞A”來定，即就遠(yuǎn)原則。Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.TheboysincludingJamesareverygoodatEnglish.3.and由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語并列主語表示不同的人或者物或者由both...and連接時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式Myfriendandmylawyerhavecaughtabadcold.并列主語表示同一人、事、概念，共用冠詞，謂語用單數(shù)形式Thedancerandsingerispopularinyouths.連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語前有every,each,no,manya修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式Eachgirlandeachboyinthevillagewasgivenanewschoolbag.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；one+單數(shù)名詞+ahalf作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.Onecakeandahalfhavebeeneatenbythekitten.六、特殊清單1.“the+adj.”表示一類人作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.TheWhitespreferwalkingtodrivingcars.2.由there,here引導(dǎo)的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與最鄰近的主語保持一致。Thereisalsoawonderfulcafeandsomerestaurantsonthestreet.Herestandsadeskagainstthewall.3.oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞卻常用單數(shù)形式。Oneortwosoldiershavetobesent.Anhourortwoisenoughforthehousework.例題精練NotonlymyclassmatesbutalsoourEnglishteacher________Chinesepoems,soweoftenshareourfavoriteones. A.like B.likes C.liked________isthepopulationofthetown?Over20,000,andathirdofthepopulation________workersofthecarfactory. A.What,are B.Howmany,are C.Howmany,isInourschoollibrarythere________anumberofbooksandthenumberofthem________growinglargerandlarger. A.is,are B.are,is C.are,areHowtimeflies!Threeyears________sincewecametothisschool. Yes,it________agoodmemory.

A.haspassed,was B.passed,was C.haspassed,isEverystudentaswellassometeacherswho________tovisitthemuseum________askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore7:30inthemorning. A.are,is B.is,are C.is,isAllweneed__________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoftreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.即練即得單項(xiàng)選擇ItaliansaswellasIranianpeople________inthedangerofCOVID-19sinceMarch,2020. A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.was D.wereInmyopinion,someofthenews________unbelievable. A.are B.is C.hasbeen D.havebeenEricistheonlyoneoftheboyswho________adrivinglicense. A.has B.have C.ishaving D.arehavingWhattheteacherandthestudentswanttosay________thateitherofthecountries________beautiful. A.are,are B.is,is C.are,is D.is,areHowsooncanyoufinishthisjob?Twodays________enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek. A.isn’t B.aren’t C.is D.areAllthescientificevidence________thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming________damagingourhealth. A.show,are B.shows,are C.show,is D.shows,isWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet. A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecidedOnethirdofthecountry________coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens________blackpeople. A.is,are B.is,is C.are,are D.are,isListeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts________causedhearinglossinsometeenagers. A.is B.are C.has D.haveItisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________atpresentinthedisasterarea. A.arebeingbuilt B.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuilt D.isbeingbuiltEveryoneinmyfamily________

music. A.enjoyslistening

B.enjoyslisteningto

C.enjoylisteningto

D.enjoylistening

Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausetherest________ofsick. A.isB.was C.are D.were________Rita________hermotherknowmyaddress.Theyoftenvisitmeatmyhome. A.Not,but B.Notonly,butalso C.Both,and D.Either,orVolunteering________theworldwarmer.Evensmallthingscanmakeadifference. A.make B.makes C.wasmaking D.aremakingAstudentortwo________theexam. A.hasfailed B.havefailed C.hadfailed D.failBetweenthetworowsoftrees________theteachingbuilding. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.AreNotonlymybestfriendMarybutalsoI________abroadtogetfurthereducation. A.havebeento B.havebeen C.hasbeen D.hasbeentoLook,thesetofkeys________ontheteacher’sdesk. A.are B.were C.is D.wasHowmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem________45minutes. A.last B.lasts C.have D.arePhysics________moredifficultthanmaths,doyouthinkso?Yes,Ithinkso. A.is B.are C.has D.have用所給單詞的正確形式填空TheBushes__________(have)ameetingatthemomentinthedininghall.Eventwomiles__________(be)alongwalkfortheweakman.Thousandsofdollars__________(spend)onhisshoesyesterday.Thedriverandmechanic__________(be)verybusyeveryday.Ateacherandadoctoroften__________(help)thesickboytoliveforlonger.Therich__________(collect)moneyforthepoornow.Thetallerofthetwogirls__________(be)mydaughter.TheChinesepolice__________(have)verystrongpowers.Thisfamily__________(be)veryfriendlytouswhenwevisitedthem.ThestaffinMAP__________(work)hardeveryday.TheBritish__________(like)talkingaboutweather.Look!somesheep__________(walk)freelyonthegrass.Eachofthesoldiers__________(haveto)sitinthestrongsun.Theyeach__________(have)differentopinions.Everything__________(have)itsownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Agroupofstudents__________already__________(decide)totravelthroughHollandbycanal.AlargenumberofChinese__________(rush)toAmericainthepast.Themajorityofdamage__________(be)easytorepair.Mostofus__________(be)abroadtwotimes.Someofthewater__________(be)clean.Someofus__________(like)hip-hop.TomandI__________(be)goingtotraveltomorrow.Notonlythestudentsbutalsothisteacher__________(want)totrybungeejumping.EitherTerryorherhusband__________(prefer)countrylife.There__________(be)someapplesonthetree.Thegirlaswellastheboys__________(learn)todriverecently.Thewomanandhishusband__________(marry)forabout40years.Oversixtypercentofthecity__________(destroy)intheSecondWorldWar.Thispairofshoes__________(suit)me.Aseriesofaccidents__________(cause)bythecarelessdriver.Thebadsurroundings__________(have)aneffect-ontheboy.Oneoutoftenpeople__________already__________(pass)thedrivingtest.Thebaker’snearmyhomealways__________(serve)somedeliciouscakes.Ridingbicycle__________(be)goodexercise.Whathehasdone__________(hurt)mealot.Twopiecesoffurniture__________(buy)forourofficeyesterday.Motherwithmealways__________(go)shopping.Noneofthem__________(be)agoodcook.EveryoneexceptLinTaoandLiMing__________(know)aboutitatthattime.Eitherofyou__________(enjoy)junkfood.課效側(cè)擊單項(xiàng)選擇Nobody________seenthefilm.It’sapity.A.butTomandJackhave B.exceptTomandJackhaveC.butmyfriendshas D.butIhave________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,is B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is D.Twofifths,areTenminutes________alongtimeforonewhowaits.A.seem B.seems C.seemed D.areseemedItissaidthatthenumberofparksinthecity________to20sofar.A.increases B.haveincreased C.hasincreased D.increasedEachboyandeachgirl________anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Whattheyneed________doctorsandmedicines.A.have,is B.has,is C.need,is D.need,areThatplaceisnotinterestingatall.________ofuswantstogothere.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.SomeSheisoneofthefewgirlswho________inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaid B.arewellpaid C.ispayingwell D.arepaidwellThispairofshoes________mewell,buttheshoes________expensive.A.fit,are B.fit,is C.fits,are D.fits,isMum,look!Mytrousers________tooshort.Canyoubuymeanew________?

OK.A.is,one B.are,ones C.are,pair D.is,pairHere________thebus.Bequick,orwewillmissit.A.come B.comes C.came D.comingThechildreninthisclasseach________anewschoolbag.A.have B.has C.hasgot D.arehavingManyastudent________theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.

A.haverealized B.hasrealizedC.havebeenrealized D.hasbeenrealizedThefamilyIamstayingwith________veryfriendly.A.is B.are C.was D.wereIt________Iwho________leavingforLondon.

A.is,is B.am,is C.is,am D.am,amTalkingaloudonamobilephone________impolite.A.are B.seem C.is D.lookInthecitytheold________.A.takegoodcareof B.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareof D.arebeentakengoodcareofBothMikeandI________readyforthenewhighschoollife.A.be B.am C.is D.areNooneexceptmyparents________anythingaboutit.A.know B.knowsC.isknowing D.haveknownNowadays,________peoplelikeHUAWEIphonesbetter,andabout________ofthemareadults.A.thenumberof,four-fifths B.anumberof,four-fifthC.anumberof,four-fifths D.thenumberof,four-fifthTheteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,________chattingwiththeexpertinthemeetingroomatthatmoment.A.is B.are C.was D.were用所給單詞的正確形式填空Fiveyears__________(pass)sinceweleftourcollege.Aforkandknife__________(use)bytheone-year-oldgirl.TheUnitedStates__________(be)thestrongestinthepastfewyears.Halfofourclass__________(notknow)wheretheeggisfrom.Thepublic__________(be)verycriticalofthesepresenters.Look!Thebeautifulfish__________(swim)inthepool.Eachmanandwoman__________(bring)somefreshwaterhere.ThenumberofthepetsinBritain__________(be)morethan10,000,000.Themajorityofpeople__________(agree)tokeeppets.Allofus__________(listen)carefullyatthemoment.Neitherasingernoranactor______