山東省煙臺(tái)市2024屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷高三英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，只交答題卡。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALiteraryfestivalsallovertheUSAofferopportunitiesforreaderstomeettheirfavoriteauthorsandlearnabouttheirnewprojects.Youcanstartplanningyournextliteraryvacation!SummerWordsDates:June19-22Price:FreeIt’soneofAmerica’smostrespectedliteraryfestivalsandwritingconferences.Authorsareabletoattendadvancedworkshopsinordertoimprovethecraftofwriting.Besides,theycanmeeteditorsandliteraryagentsandattendpublicpaneldiscussionstogaininspirationandinsight.BookBonanzaDates:June23-24Price:$250Itisacelebrationofbookscoveringmultiplestylesandalwaysnetsahugelistofincredibleauthorattendees.Whatmakesitstandout,however,isnotjustitsimpressivelistofattendees:it’sthecharitablefocus.Allproceedsaredonatedtocharitablecauses,includingthosethatbenefitwomenandchildren.LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooksDates:April22-23Price:Free,althoughindoorpanelswillrequireticketsItisamassivecelebrationofbooksandthebookishcommunity,withbooksignings,paneldiscussionswithdistinguishedprofessorsandexperts,artperformancesandbookgiveaways.Thetwo-dayeventhasgrowntobecomeanessentialelementoftheL.A.culturalscene.ImaginariumBookFestivalDates:May20-21Price:Free,butVIPticketsforearlyentrytosigningrooms($45),ticketsforthebrunch($50)Itcelebratesallthingsaboutfantasyandsciencefiction.Inadditiontopanelswhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthorsandhavetheoptionofbrunchingwiththematthecosmic(宇宙的)brunchbuffet.1.Inwhichliteraryfestivalcanyoucatchashow?A.SummerWords.B.BookBonanza.C.LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks.D.ImaginariumBookFestival.2.WhatisspecialaboutBookBonanza?A.Itsprofitsgotocharity.B.It’smeantforwomenandchildren.C.Itdoesn’tchargeadmissionfee.D.Itfeaturesworkshopsfornotablewriters.3.WhatcanyoudoinImaginariumBookFestival?A.Getanauthor-signedphotograph.B.Dinewithyouradmiringwriters.C.Interactwithsciencefictionsupermen.D.Obtainone-on-onereadingtraining.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)美國(guó)各地文學(xué)節(jié)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks標(biāo)題下“Itisamassivecelebrationofbooksandthebookishcommunity,withbooksignings,paneldiscussionswithdistinguishedprofessorsandexperts,artperformancesandbookgiveaways.”（這是一場(chǎng)對(duì)書(shū)籍和書(shū)香社區(qū)的盛大慶祝，包括簽售會(huì)、與知名教授和專(zhuān)家的小組討論、藝術(shù)表演和贈(zèng)書(shū)。）可知，在LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks你可以看演出。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BookBonanza標(biāo)題下“Allproceedsaredonatedtocharitablecauses,includingthosethatbenefitwomenandchildren.”（所有收益都捐贈(zèng)給慈善事業(yè)，包括造福婦女和兒童的事業(yè)。）可知，BookBonanza的特別之處是它的受益會(huì)捐贈(zèng)給慈善。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ImaginariumBookFestival標(biāo)題下“Inadditiontopanelswhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthorsandhavetheoptionofbrunchingwiththematthecosmic(宇宙的)brunchbuffet.”（除了作家們會(huì)回答你的問(wèn)題之外，你還可以見(jiàn)到你最喜歡的作家，并獲得他們的簽名書(shū)，還可以選擇在宇宙早午餐自助餐廳與他們共進(jìn)午餐。）可知，在ImaginariumBookFestival你可以和你欣賞的作家一起吃飯。故選B項(xiàng)。BInavideosubmittedtoanationwidesciencecompetition,HemanBekelefromVirginiaspelledouthismissionbriefly—curecancer,onebarofsoapatatime.Hecreatedacheapsoapthatcouldpotentiallyhelpfightskincancer.Hisinventionwonhimthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”atthe3MYoungScientistChallenge,anannualcompetitionthatinvitesstudentsingradesfivethrougheightto“changetheirworldforthebetterwithasingleinnovativeidea”,onOctober10,2023.Atage4,HemanmovedtoAmericafromEthiopia,wherehealwayssawpeopleconstantlyworkingunderthehotsun.Whileheconsideredideasforthecompetition,itstruckhimthatsomanypeopleinhishometownwereunawareoftheriskofsunexposure.Therecollectionsfueledhisdecisiontofocushisresearchonskincancer.“Ihopedtomakemyideasomethingthatnotonlywasgreatintermsofsciencebutalsocouldbeaffordableforasmanypeopleaspossible,”Hemansaid.Asheinitiallythoughtabouthisapproach,Hemanwantedhisproducttobesomethingasmuchofa“constant”inpeople’slifeaspossible,anitemthatwasmostconvenientincontrasttoothermedicinalproducts.InJune2023,hewasselectedasatop-tenfinalistandpairedwith3MproductengineeringspecialistDeborahIsabelletodevelopandtestaphysicalprototype(原型)ofhisidea.Ittookthepairfourmonthsoftrialanderrortocreate“SkinCancerTreatingSoap”(SCTS).Thebarcontainschemicalsthatrestorethebody’sdendriticcellskilledbycancercells.Oncereconstructed,dendriticcells,thebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstcancerandinfections,arecapableoffightingagainstcancercells.SCTS,whichcostsjust50centsabar,stillhastoundergoclinicaltrials.Theprocesscouldtakeoverfiveyears.Heman’splanforthesoapstretchesfarbeyondthewinning.Hehasafive-yearplan,whichincludesseekingapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration.Healsohopestostartanonprofittodistributethesoapinthefuture.“Thereisstillalotlefttodo,”the14-year-oldteenagersaid.4.WhatinspiredHeman’sideafortheinvention?A.Folktales. B.Childhoodmemories.C.Workingexperiences. D.Medicalobservations.5.InwhichaspectdidHemanwanthisproducttodifferfromothertreatments?A.Accessibility. B.Function. C.Security. D.Effectiveness.6.HowdoesSCTSwork?A.Itminimizessolarradiation. B.Itkillscancercellsdirectly.C.Itreactivatesdestroyedcells. D.Itremovesvirusesfromtheskin.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHemanaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Industriousandsociable. B.Ambitiousandcaring.C.Intelligentandcompetitive. D.Sensitiveandconservative.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了HemanBekele發(fā)明了一種可能有助于對(duì)抗皮膚癌的廉價(jià)肥皂，文章介紹了其靈感來(lái)源以及這種肥皂的工作原理。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atage4,HemanmovedtoAmericafromEthiopia,wherehealwayssawpeopleconstantlyworkingunderthehotsun.Whileheconsideredideasforthecompetition,itstruckhimthatsomanypeopleinhishometownwereunawareoftheriskofsunexposure.Therecollectionsfueledhisdecisiontofocushisresearchonskincancer.(4歲時(shí)，赫曼從埃塞俄比亞搬到了美國(guó)，在那里，他總是看到人們?cè)诹胰障虏煌５毓ぷ鳌．?dāng)他考慮比賽的想法時(shí)，他突然意識(shí)到家鄉(xiāng)有這么多人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到陽(yáng)光照射的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些回憶促使他決定將研究重點(diǎn)放在皮膚癌上)”可知，童年記憶激發(fā)了赫曼的發(fā)明靈感。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Ihopedtomakemyideasomethingthatnotonlywasgreatintermsofsciencebutalsocouldbeaffordableforasmanypeopleaspossible,”Hemansaid.Asheinitiallythoughtabouthisapproach,Hemanwantedhisproducttobesomethingasmuchofa“constant”inpeople’slifeaspossible,anitemthatwasmostconvenientincontrasttoothermedicinalproducts.(赫曼說(shuō)：“我希望我的想法不僅在科學(xué)上是偉大的，而且可以讓盡可能多的人負(fù)擔(dān)得起。”當(dāng)他最初考慮他的方法時(shí)，赫曼希望他的產(chǎn)品盡可能成為人們生活中的“常備品”，一種與其他藥品相比最方便的產(chǎn)品)”可知，赫曼希望他的產(chǎn)品在可獲得性不同于其他療法。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ittookthepairfourmonthsoftrialanderrortocreate“SkinCancerTreatingSoap”(SCTS).Thebarcontainschemicalsthatrestorethebody’sdendriticcellskilledbycancercells.(這對(duì)搭檔花了四個(gè)月的時(shí)間反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，創(chuàng)造出了“皮膚癌治療皂”（SCTS）。這種東西含有的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以恢復(fù)被癌細(xì)胞殺死的樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞)”可知，SCTS通過(guò)重新激活被破壞的細(xì)胞而起作用。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Heman’splanforthesoapstretchesfarbeyondthewinning.Hehasafive-yearplan,whichincludesseekingapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration.Healsohopestostartanonprofittodistributethesoapinthefuture.(赫曼對(duì)肥皂的計(jì)劃遠(yuǎn)不止獲勝。他有一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，其中包括尋求食品和藥物管理局的批準(zhǔn)。他還希望在未來(lái)成立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織來(lái)分發(fā)這種肥皂)”可推知，赫曼雄心勃勃，有愛(ài)心。故選B。CAndreaLankfordquitherjobafterspending12yearsasaNationalParkServiceforesterspecializinginsearchandrescuemissionsinscenicandremoteAmericanlandscapes.However,decadeslater,threeyounghikerswentmissingonthePacificCrestTrail(PCT).Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.TrailoftheLostwasheranswer.It’sanabsorbingnonfictionnarrative(敘事)aboutthethreehikers,includingtheirlivesandthoseofthepeoplelookingforthem.ItalsoexploresthehistoryofthePCTandtherichsubculture,practicesandevenliteraturethatsurrounditandthosewhoundertakethe2,650-milejourney.Thebookisarichmultilayerednarrativethatworksonthreedifferentlevels.Thefirstisthestoryofeachofthethreehikers.Lankfordoffersabiography(傳記)ofeachofthemissingmenandshowsthemthroughtheeyesofthosewhoknewthemwellandthosewhojoinedthesearch.Rightunderneaththenarrativesaboutthethreehikersarethestoriesofeveryonelookingforthem.Lankfordplayedaroleineachsearchbutsheallowedfriends,familyandevenstrangerstooccupycenterstagethroughoutmostofthenarrative.ThestorylooksattheroleofmissingpersonFacebookgroupsinthesearchesandhowcrucialwordofmouthcanbe.Manywarm-heartedindividualscameforthandbecameinstrumentalinthesearchesorprovidedvaluableinformation.ButLankfordalsowritesofthemanywholiedfornoapparentreasonandconfusedtheinvestigations.ThenarrativealsoshinesalightondiverseaspectsofthePCT.Lankford,whohashikedtheentireAppalachianTrailandwasthefirstpersontomountainbikethe800-mileArizonaTrail,knowsjusthowthePCTisphysicallyandmentallydemanding.Besides,thebookexploresthreatsfrommountainlionstopeoplewithbadintentionswhodon’tobservethePCT’sunspokenmoralrules,servingasarevelationofthewell-known,hiddenorignoreddangersofthePCT.Writtenwithaclear,fast-paced,straightforwardstyle,TrailoftheLostisasfullofhopeandhumanityasitispackedwithpain,sorrow,dangerandtension.Readitandyou’llfindmorethanyouseek.8.WhatledLankfordtowriteTrailoftheLost?A.Herloveforherpriorcareer.B.HerstrongattachmenttothePCT.C.Thestressfromthemissingfamilies.D.Herinvestigationintohikers’disappearance.9.Whatispresentedonthesecondlevelofthebook?A.Effortsbydifferentpeopleinsearches.B.Astringofwildernesssurvivaltips.C.Approachestoinformationclassification.D.Respectivestoriesofthethreehikers.10.What’sthepurposeofmentioningLankford’spreviousadventures?A.Topromoteherbook.B.Tomakeheracelebrity.C.Tomotivatehikerstochallengethemselves.D.TostressthedifficultyofhikingthePCT.11.Whatcanwesayaboutthebook?A.Ittargetssingleyouth.B.It’saromanticnovel.C.It’sbasedonactualevents.D.It’sadetailedaccountofajourney.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了安德里亞·蘭克福德撰寫(xiě)故事《迷失之路》的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.”（她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)法回避這三個(gè)獨(dú)立的案件，盡管對(duì)它們的調(diào)查面臨挑戰(zhàn)。）和第二段“TrailoftheLost washeranswer.(《迷失之路》就是她的答案)”可知，蘭克福德寫(xiě)《迷失之路》的原因是她對(duì)徒步旅行者失蹤案的調(diào)查。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Rightunderneaththenarrativesaboutthethreehikersarethestoriesofeveryonelookingforthem.”（在這三個(gè)徒步旅行者的故事背后，是每個(gè)人尋找他們的故事。）可知，作者除了在講這三個(gè)徒步旅行者的故事，書(shū)的第二層還呈現(xiàn)了不同人在搜索中的努力。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“ThenarrativealsoshinesalightondiverseaspectsofthePCT.Lankford,whohashikedtheentireAppalachianTrailandwasthefirstpersontomountainbikethe800-mileArizonaTrail,knowsjusthowthePCTisphysicallyandmentallydemanding.Besides,thebookexploresthreatsfrommountainlionstopeoplewithbadintentionswhodon’tobservethePCT’sunspokenmoralrules,servingasarevelationofthewell-known,hiddenorignoreddangersofthePCT.”（蘭克福德徒步走過(guò)了整個(gè)阿巴拉契亞山道，是第一個(gè)騎山地車(chē)穿越800英里的亞利桑那山道的人，他知道PCT對(duì)身體和精神的要求是多么高。此外，這本書(shū)還探討了美洲獅對(duì)不遵守PCT潛規(guī)則的不心懷之人的威脅，揭示了PCT眾所周知的、隱藏的或被忽視的危險(xiǎn)。）可知，提到蘭克福德之前的冒險(xiǎn)目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)攀登PCT的困難。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.”（她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)法回避這三個(gè)獨(dú)立的案件，盡管對(duì)它們的調(diào)查面臨挑戰(zhàn)。）和第四段“Thebookisarichmultilayerednarrativethatworksonthreedifferentlevels.Thefirstisthestoryofeachofthethreehikers.”（這是一部引人入勝的非虛構(gòu)故事，講述了三位徒步旅行者的生活，包括他們的生活以及尋找他們的人的生活。）可知，這本書(shū)是根據(jù)真實(shí)事件改編的。故選C項(xiàng)。DDoyouhaveafavoritesport?Areyoupassionateaboutsewingorreading?Typically,youengageintheseactivitiessimplybecauseyouenjoythem.Wouldyoubetakenabacktoknowtheoverjustificationeffectthatwhenyouarerewardedforyourbelovedactivities,yourdesiretoparticipateinthemdiminishes?EdwardDeci,apsychologyprofessor,conductedaseriesofexperiments,inoneofwhichDecidividedtheparticipantsintotwogroups:onewaspaidtocompleteapuzzle,andtheotherwasnotpaidto.Aftermoneywasremoved,thegroupthatwaspreviouslypaidtoplayshowedlessmotivationtocompletethetaskthanthegroupthatwasneverpaidandonlydidthepuzzleforenjoyment.Theoutcomedemonstratedtheoverjustificationeffect,whichoccurswhenanexternalstimulationdecreasesaperson’sinternalmotivationtoperformabehaviororengageinanactivity.Accordingtotheself-determinationtheory,threeconditionsareessentialforpeopletofeelinternallymotivatedandperformattheirbest:autonomy,freedomfromexternalrestrictions;competence,theneedtofeelcapable,andrelatedness,theneedtofeelconnectedwithothers.InDeci’sexperiment,moneyactedasatie,whichreducedparticipants’autonomy,acrucialcomponentofinternalmotivation,discouragingthemfromexperiencingthefreedomofexternalrestrictions.Thepressuretoperformforthemoneylessenedthepleasureandfreedomfeltbythosewhoweredoingthepuzzlemerelyforfun.Butifexternalstimulationistiedtoperformance,theoverjustificationeffectislessinfluential.Forexample,beingrewardedforstudyingisunlikelytodecreaseinternalmotivationbecausethegradedependsuponactuallydoingwellratherthanjustgoingthroughthemotions.Whiletheoverjustificationeffectcanreducemotivation,somestrategiescanloweritsimpact.Oneistofocusonprovidingfeedbackandrecognitionratherthanconcreterewards.Forinstance,praisinganindividual’seffortoracknowledgingtheiraccomplishmentscanmaintaintheirinternalmotivation.Additionally,allowingindividualstohaveautonomyandcontrolovertheirtasksalsoworks.Bygivingthemthefreedomtochoosehowtheycompletetasks,individualsaremorelikelytobeinternallymotivatedandexperienceagreatersenseofsatisfactionandengagement.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph1mean?A.Remains. B.Weakens. C.Ceases. D.Solidifies.13.HowdidDeciprovetheoverjustificationeffectintheexperiment?A.Byinterpretingaconcept.B.Bypresentinganargument.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Bydescribingaphenomenon.14.Whatismainlyillustratedinparagraph3?A.Theskillsneededforapuzzle.B.Thecoreelementsofinnerdrives.C.Theimpactofautonomyoncompetence.D.Thetheoreticalbasisfortheoverjustificationeffect.15.Whichservesasanexampleofpreventingtheoverjustificationeffect?A.Speakinghighlyofapupil’shardwork.B.Rewardingakidwithcandyforplayingtheviolin.C.Offeringaclerkfinancialbonusesfordailyroutines.D.Promisinganemployeeadecentpositionfordoinghisduty.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theoutcomedemonstratedtheoverjustificationeffect,whichoccurswhenanexternalstimulationdecreasesaperson’sinternalmotivationtoperformabehaviororengageinanactivity.(研究結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)外部刺激降低了一個(gè)人進(jìn)行行為或參與活動(dòng)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng))”可知，此處介紹過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)，指的是當(dāng)你因?yàn)槟銦釔?ài)的活動(dòng)而得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)，你參與其中的欲望會(huì)減弱，diminish與weaken“減弱”之間為近義詞，故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Aftermoneywasremoved,thegroupthatwaspreviouslypaidtoplayshowedlessmotivationtocompletethetaskthanthegroupthatwasneverpaidandonlydidthepuzzleforenjoyment.(在錢(qián)被拿走后，之前被付錢(qián)玩的一組比從未被付錢(qián)只為享受而玩拼圖的一組表現(xiàn)出更少的動(dòng)力來(lái)完成任務(wù))”可知，Deci是通過(guò)把實(shí)驗(yàn)人員分成兩組后進(jìn)行對(duì)比以證明過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)的，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Accordingtotheself-determinationtheory,threeconditionsareessentialforpeopletofeelinternallymotivatedandperformattheirbest:autonomy,freedomfromexternalrestrictions;competence,theneedtofeelcapable,andrelatedness,theneedtofeelconnectedwithothers.(根據(jù)自決理論，三個(gè)條件對(duì)人們感到內(nèi)在動(dòng)力并發(fā)揮最佳表現(xiàn)至關(guān)重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感覺(jué)有能力的需要，以及相關(guān)性，感覺(jué)與他人有聯(lián)系的需要)”可知，本段主要介紹的是過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)的理論基礎(chǔ)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whiletheoverjustificationeffectcanreducemotivation,somestrategiescanloweritsimpact.Oneistofocusonprovidingfeedbackandrecognitionratherthanconcreterewards.Forinstance,praisinganindividual’seffortoracknowledgingtheiraccomplishmentscanmaintaintheirinternalmotivation.(雖然過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)會(huì)降低動(dòng)機(jī)，但一些策略會(huì)降低其影響。一種是專(zhuān)注于提供反饋和認(rèn)可，而不是具體的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。例如，贊揚(yáng)一個(gè)人的努力或承認(rèn)他們的成就可以保持他們的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī))”可知，A項(xiàng)“高度評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)學(xué)生的勤奮學(xué)習(xí)”可以預(yù)防過(guò)度合理化效應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Cultureshockistheexperiencethatoftenaccompaniesmovingtoanunfamiliarplace.Itcouldbemarkedbyfeelinglost,anxiousorhesitant.____16____You’llbecomeaccustomedtothesamethingsthatinitially“shocked”you!Readonfortipsforovercomingcultureshockinashorttime.Whendecidingtovisitanentirelynewplace,don’texpectthetraditionsandculturesfollowedbyyourcurrenthometobefollowedbythenewland.____17____Sokeepyourexpectationslow.Eventhoughitisanunfamiliarenvironmenthostingdifferentculturesandtraditionsfromtheoneyou’reusedto,it’svitaltobroadenyourmindandbewillingtotrynewthings.Don’tbequicktoformdiscriminatoryjudgmentsjustbecauseitis“odd”.Haveagoatsomethingdifferent,likeafoodorclothing—differentisn’tnecessarilybad.____18____Socialpsychologistsclaimthatlackofinformationisthebiggestcontributortoprejudices.Talktothelocalpopulationandaskthemabouthowtheircultureworksinsteadofassumingtheworst.____19____Plus,you’llmakesomefriendswhocaneaseyourtransformation.Keepyourselfopen-minded,awaitnewexperiencesandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththeconductofthepeople.____20____Gooutthereandhavefun!A.Integritybreaksdownbarriers.B.Youcangaininsightintoyoursurroundings.C.Cultureshockwilleventuallydisappear,though.D.Everycityorcountryhasitsownvaluesandbeliefs.E.Neverdoyouknowwhereyoumightfindaninterest.F.Consequently,suchmemoriesarewhatyoushouldtreasure.G.Aslongasyousticktothat,you’llsoonadjusttothenewculture.【答案】16.C17.D18.E19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了短時(shí)間內(nèi)克服文化沖擊的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Cultureshockistheexperiencethatoftenaccompaniesmovingtoanunfamiliarplace.Itcouldbemarkedbyfeelinglost,anxiousorhesitant.(文化沖擊是指移居到一個(gè)不熟悉的地方所帶來(lái)的體驗(yàn)。它的特點(diǎn)可能是感到失落、焦慮或猶豫)”以及后文“You’llbecomeaccustomedtothesamethingsthatinitially“shocked”you!(你會(huì)習(xí)慣最初“震驚”你的同樣的事情)”可知，后文提到了會(huì)習(xí)慣文化沖擊，說(shuō)明文化沖擊最終會(huì)消失。故C選項(xiàng)“文化沖擊最終會(huì)消失”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whendecidingtovisitanentirelynewplace,don’texpectthetraditionsandculturesfollowedbyyourcurrenthometobefollowedbythenewland.(當(dāng)你決定去一個(gè)全新的地方旅游時(shí)，不要指望你現(xiàn)在的家鄉(xiāng)所遵循的傳統(tǒng)和文化會(huì)被新的地方所遵循)”可知，上文提到了新的地方有新的傳統(tǒng)和文化，故本句承接上文說(shuō)明每個(gè)地方文化方面的不同。故D選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)城市或國(guó)家都有自己的價(jià)值觀和信仰”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Eventhoughitisanunfamiliarenvironmenthostingdifferentculturesandtraditionsfromtheoneyou’reusedto,it’svitaltobroadenyourmindandbewillingtotrynewthings.Don’tbequicktoformdiscriminatoryjudgmentsjustbecauseitis“odd”.Haveagoatsomethingdifferent,likeafoodorclothing—differentisn’tnecessarilybad.(即使這是一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境，與你所習(xí)慣的環(huán)境有著不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)，拓寬你的思維，愿意嘗試新事物也是至關(guān)重要的。不要因?yàn)樗捌婀帧本脱杆傩纬善缫曅缘呐袛唷L試一些不同的東西，比如食物或衣服——不同并不一定是壞事)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，承接上文說(shuō)明嘗試新事物的原因。故E選項(xiàng)“你永遠(yuǎn)不知道你會(huì)在哪里找到興趣”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Socialpsychologistsclaimthatlackofinformationisthebiggestcontributortoprejudices.Talktothelocalpopulationandaskthemabouthowtheircultureworksinsteadofassumingtheworst.(社會(huì)心理學(xué)家聲稱，缺乏信息是造成偏見(jiàn)的最大原因。與當(dāng)?shù)厝私徽?，詢?wèn)他們的文化是如何運(yùn)作的，而不是假設(shè)最壞的情況)”可知，本句承接上文說(shuō)明與當(dāng)?shù)厝私徽勊鶐?lái)的好處。故B選項(xiàng)“你可以洞察周?chē)沫h(huán)境”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Keepyourselfopen-minded,awaitnewexperiencesandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththeconductofthepeople.(保持開(kāi)放的心態(tài)，等待新的經(jīng)歷，熟悉人們的行為)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明上文一系列的行為的影響。故G選項(xiàng)“只要你堅(jiān)持下去，你很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)新的文化”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LeighAnnSondrup,adevotednurseatValleywise,earnedthetitleofaheroafteraremarkableoff-dutyrescue.TheextraordinarychainofeventsunfoldedasSondrupwasheadinghomefrom____21____onemorning.Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift,shewas____22____.DrivingonStateRoute143nearSkyHarbor,Sondrupsuddenlynoticedahorriblesituationinthedistance.Asshe____23____,shefoundaconcretetruckhadoverturned,withaman____24____inside.Emergencyfirstrespondershadnotyetmadeittothe____25____.Despitehertiredness,Sondrupdidn’t____26____tomakeadecisiontointervene.She____27____hercar.Noothercarsweremovingontheroad,____28____hertosafelywalkacrosstheusuallybusyhighway.Shegotclosertothetruckandthenquickly____29____thesituation.Shediscoveredthedriverwasstillconscious,butseverelyinjuredandlosing_____30_____atanalarmingrate.Everysecondcounted.She_____31_____crawled(爬)underneaththeoverturnedtruck.Inadisplayofresourcefulness,she_____32_____theman’sbelttostopthebleeding.Monthslater,themanwhohadsufferedalife-threateninginjuryreachedouttoSondruptoexpresshisgratitudeforasecond_____33_____atlife.ThePhoenixFireDepartmentrecognizedSondrupforher_____34_____actions.Wheninterviewed,Sondrupsaidshemaintainedastrong_____35_____thateveryoneservesapurposeinlifeandthatshewasgladtohavedoneherpartwhendutycalled.21.A.exercise B.work C.vacation D.school22.A.high-spirited B.cut-off C.worn-out D.heart-broken23.A.awoke B.wandered C.departed D.approached24.A.trapped B.transported C.questioned D.laid25.A.office B.scene C.hospital D.base26.A.continue B.attempt C.offer D.hesitate27.A.heldonto B.warmedup C.pulledover D.backedup28.A.forcing B.allowing C.reminding D.requiring29.A.controlled B.pictured C.assessed D.revealed30.A.blood B.heart C.balance D.strength31.A.accidentally B.secretly C.curiously D.quickly32.A.marked B.employed C.swung D.fetched33.A.encounter B.choice C.lesson D.chance34.A.courageous B.optimistic C.amusing D.effortless35.A.assumption B.proposal C.belief D.character【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了護(hù)士利·安·桑德拉普在下班途中遇到交通事故，她選擇去救助受傷的司機(jī)，并獲得表彰的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天早上，當(dāng)桑德魯普下班回家的時(shí)候，一連串不同尋常的事件發(fā)生了。A.exercise練習(xí)；B.work工作；C.vacation假期；D.school學(xué)校。根據(jù)后文“Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift”可知，她剛連續(xù)上完第四個(gè)夜班，說(shuō)明她剛工作完下班了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她剛連續(xù)上完第四個(gè)夜班，已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了。A.high-spirited情緒高漲的；B.cut-off中斷的；C.worn-out疲憊的；D.heart-broken心碎的。根據(jù)前文“Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift”可知，她剛連續(xù)上完第四個(gè)夜班，推斷出她已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她走近時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛混凝土卡車(chē)翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A.awoke醒來(lái)；B.wandered閑逛；C.departed分離；D.approached走近。根據(jù)后文“shefoundaconcretetruckhadoverturned,withaman____4____inside.”可知，桑德拉普走近才發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛混凝土卡車(chē)翻了，一名男子被困在里面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她走近時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛混凝土卡車(chē)翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A.trapped困住；B.transported運(yùn)輸；C.questioned提問(wèn)；D.laid躺。根據(jù)后文“She____11____crawled(爬)underneaththeoverturnedtruck.”可知，她迅速爬到翻倒的卡車(chē)下面。推斷出司機(jī)被困在車(chē)?yán)?。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：緊急救援人員還沒(méi)有到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。A.office辦公室；B.scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.base基地。根據(jù)后文“Noothercarsweremovingontheroad”可知，路上沒(méi)有行駛的車(chē)輛，推斷出緊急救援人員還沒(méi)有到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管很累，桑德拉普毫不猶豫地做出了干預(yù)的決定。A.continue繼續(xù)；B.attempt嘗試；C.offer提供；D.hesitate猶豫。根據(jù)前文“Emergencyfirstrespondershadnotyetmadeittothe____5____.”可知，由于緊急救援人員還沒(méi)有到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，推斷出她桑德拉普毫不猶豫地做出了干預(yù)的決定。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她把車(chē)停在路邊。A.heldonto持有；B.warmedup熱身；C.pulledover靠邊停車(chē)；D.backedup堵塞。根據(jù)后文“Shegotclosertothetruck”可知，她是停車(chē)后走近了卡車(chē)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：路上沒(méi)有其他車(chē)輛行駛，這讓她可以安全地走過(guò)通常繁忙的高速公路。A.forcing強(qiáng)迫；B.allowing允許；C.reminding提醒；D.requiring要求。根據(jù)前文“Noothercarsweremovingontheroad”可知，因?yàn)槁飞蠜](méi)有其他車(chē)輛行駛，這讓她可以安全地走過(guò)通常繁忙的高速公路。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她走近卡車(chē)，然后迅速評(píng)估了一下情況。A.controlled控制；B.pictured描繪；C.assessed評(píng)估；D.revealed揭示。根據(jù)后文“Shediscoveredthedriverwasstillconscious,butseverelyinjured”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)司機(jī)仍有意識(shí)，但傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重，說(shuō)明她走近卡車(chē)，迅速評(píng)估了一下情況。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)司機(jī)仍有意識(shí)，但傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重，失血速度驚人。A.blood血液；B.heart心臟；C.balance平衡；D.strength力量。根據(jù)前文“butseverelyinjured”可知，司機(jī)傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重，推斷出他失血速度驚人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她迅速爬到翻倒卡車(chē)下面。A.accidentally偶然地；B.secretly秘密地；C.curiously好奇地；D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)前文“Everysecondcounted.”可知，救人的時(shí)候每一份分鐘很重要，推斷出她迅速爬到翻倒的卡車(chē)下面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了顯示她的機(jī)智，她使用那個(gè)男人的腰帶給他止血。A.marked做標(biāo)記；B.employed使用；C.swung搖擺；D.fetched取。根據(jù)前文“l(fā)osing____10____atanalarmingrate”可知，司機(jī)失血嚴(yán)重，說(shuō)明她使用那個(gè)男人的腰帶給他止血。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月后，這名遭受了危及生命的傷害的男子找到了桑德魯普，表達(dá)了他對(duì)第二次生命機(jī)會(huì)的感激之情。A.encounter偶遇；B.choice選擇；C.lesson教訓(xùn)；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)前文“she____12____theman’sbelttostopthebleeding.”可知，她使用那個(gè)男人的腰帶給他止血，推斷出男人感謝她給了他第二次活著的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：鳳凰城消防局表彰了桑德拉普的勇敢行為。A.courageous勇敢的；B.optimistic樂(lè)觀的；C.amusing有趣的；D.effortless毫不費(fèi)力的。根據(jù)前文“Monthslater,themanwhohadsufferedalife-threateninginjuryreachedouttoSondruptoexpresshisgratitudeforasecond____13____atlife.”可知，桑德拉普給了這個(gè)司機(jī)第二次生命，推斷出她因?yàn)樽约河赂业男袨榈玫奖碚?。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接受采訪時(shí)，桑德拉普說(shuō)，她堅(jiān)信每個(gè)人都有自己的人生目標(biāo)，她很高興在責(zé)任召喚時(shí)盡了自己的一份力量。A.assumption假設(shè)；B.proposal建議；C.belief信念；D.character性格。根據(jù)后文“everyoneservesapurposeinlife”可知，每個(gè)人都有自己的人生目標(biāo)是她的一種信念。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Acupuncture(針灸),anancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasgivencountlesspatients____36____(relieve)ofsufferingandpainforthousandsofyears.____37____treatmentaimstopromotethebody’sself-regulatingfunctions.Evolvingfromthediscovery____38____usingstoneneedlestostickspecificpointsintotheskinandunderlyingtissuescouldeasepain,acupuncturehasbecomeanessentialpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine,thephilosophicalconceptsof____39____emphasizebalanceofbodilyfunctionsandoverallphysiologicalwell-being.Acupunctureisalsoinlinewiththephilosophythatpromotesthe____40____(harmony)coexistenceofhumanswithnature.InthebookRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,whichSimaQian____41____(write)about2,100yearsago,BianQue,a____42____(true)skilledphysicianduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,waswellknownforhavingsavedaprince____43____“death”byusingneedlestostimula