新教材2025版高中英語語法精講4動詞-ed形式作定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語學(xué)案牛津譯林版必修第三冊

語法精講④動詞-ed形式作定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1．動詞-ed形式作定語(1)及物動詞的-ed形式作定語：被修飾詞與動詞之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系且表示動作已經(jīng)完成，或只有被動意義。Tomdranksomeboiledwaterandhurriedtoschool.湯姆喝了一些白開水，就匆忙忙忙朝學(xué)校趕去。(表示被動和完成)Heisateacherrespectedbyallthestudents.他是一位受全部學(xué)生敬重的老師。(只表示被動)(2)不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語：不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，因此作定語時只表示動作的完成，不表示被動；且只作前置定語。WhenIwokeupthenextmorning.Ifoundthegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.當(dāng)我其次天早上醒來時，發(fā)覺地上全是落葉。(只表示完成)(3)動詞-ed形式作定語的位置①單個的動詞-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，但left只作后置定語。Thebrokenvasehasbeenthrownoutside.那個碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。②動詞-ed形式短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于—個定語從句。我從圖書館里借了一本馬克·吐溫寫的書。IborrowedabookwrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.＝Iborrowedabookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.[特殊提示]單個的動詞-ed形式修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等復(fù)合不定代詞或those等指示代詞時，要放在這些詞的后面。?Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀請的人之一。?Isthereanythingunfinished？還有什么沒有完成的嗎？即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①TodayItriedcookingasimpledishmyself.Ilikeeating________(fry)tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.②Thebeautifullongbranches________(cover)withpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.③Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.④EarthDay,________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.2．動詞-ed形式作狀語(1)過去分詞作狀語的語法意義動詞-ed形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動詞的動作和狀態(tài)，即動作發(fā)生時的背景或狀況；一般狀況下，作狀語的分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。構(gòu)成動詞-ed形式的動詞與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示被動動作的完成。Builtthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.這座房子是30年前建立的，它看起來很美麗。Encouragedbywhattheteachersaid，thestudentdecidedtoworkevenharder.在老師的話的激勵下，那名學(xué)生確定更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。(2)動詞-ed形式作狀語的句法功能①動詞-ed形式作狀語可以表示時間、緣由、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。可以擴(kuò)展為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或者并列句?？梢灾糜诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠?，一般要用逗號同其他成分隔開。功能用法及例句時間狀語通常放在句首，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when,while,after等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Discussedmanytimes(＝Aftertheywerediscussedmanytimes),theproblemsweresettledatlast.多次探討后，這些問題最終解決了。Lostinthemountainsforaweek(＝Aftertheywerelostinthemountainsforaweek),thetwostudentswerefinallyrescuedbythelocalpolice.在山區(qū)迷路一個星期后，這兩名學(xué)生最終被當(dāng)?shù)鼐骄攘顺鰜怼＞売蔂钫Z一般置于句首，相當(dāng)于as,since,because等引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句。Deeplymovedbythestory(＝Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory)，thechildrenbegantocry.由于被這個故事深深地感動，孩子們起先哭了起來。Attractedbythebeautyofnature(＝Asshewasattractedbythebeautyofnature),thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.由于被大自然的美所吸引，這個來自倫敦的女孩確定在這個農(nóng)場再待兩天。條件狀語通常放在句首，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if，once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Oncepublished(＝Onceitispublished),thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。Givenanotherchance(＝Ifheisgivenanotherchance)，hewilldobetter.假如再給他一次機(jī)會，他會做得更好。讓步狀語一般放在句首，有時也放在句末，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although,though或evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Laughedatbymanypeople(＝Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople),hestillcontinuedhisstudy.盡管被很多人訕笑，他還是接著他的探討。Defeatedbyhisopponent(＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent),henevergaveupanyhope.他盡管被對手擊敗了，但是從沒放棄任何希望。伴隨狀語、方式狀語作伴隨狀語或方式狀語的動詞-ed形式?jīng)]有對應(yīng)的狀語從句，但可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列分句。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom，supportedbyhisson.(＝Theoldmanwalkedintotheroomandhewassupportedbyhisson.)這位老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。Theladyreturnedhome，followedbyHolmes.(＝TheladyreturnedhomeandshewasfollowedbyHolmes.)這位女士回家了，福爾摩斯跟在她后面。②動詞-ed形式作狀語時，可依據(jù)須要在其前面加上while,when,before,after,since,until,once,though,although,unless,asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough等詞或短語。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.這些英語單詞很簡單被遺忘，除非不斷重復(fù)(記憶)。Whenaskedwhyshecamehere，thegirlkeptsilent.當(dāng)有人問她為什么來這里時，那個女孩保持緘默。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①________(publish)in1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.②Technologicalinnovations,________(combine)withgoodmarketing，willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.③________(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.④Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,________(surround)byhisfamily.3．動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)構(gòu)成動詞-ed形式的動詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系①及物動詞的-ed形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，賓語是構(gòu)成動詞-ed形式的動詞的邏輯賓語，賓語和構(gòu)成動詞-ed形式的動詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Iwanttheletterposted.我想把這封信寄出去。②少數(shù)不及物動詞如go,fall等的動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，僅表示動作已完成。因此，賓語與構(gòu)成動詞-ed形式的動詞之間不存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.她在回家的路上發(fā)覺她的項鏈不見了。③動詞seat,hide,dress等的動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般表示狀態(tài)，而不表示被動意義。WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我進(jìn)來時發(fā)覺一個生疏的女孩坐在角落里。(2)動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的狀況①用在動詞keep,leave等的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示狀態(tài)。Don'tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.不要讓窗戶始終像這樣破著。②用在使役動詞have,get,make等的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今日早上給墻刷了漆。Alexandertriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles.亞歷山大試圖使他的工作得到醫(yī)學(xué)界的認(rèn)可。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓門以便被聽到。③用在感官(短語)動詞watch，notice，see，hear，listento，feel等的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.當(dāng)我們到學(xué)校時，我們望見門鎖著。Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyrain.我們可以聽到大雨拍打窗戶的聲音。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.②Thisactoroftenhasthefirsttwotricks________(plan)beforeperforming,andthengoesforwhatever.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem________(call)caffeinism.2．When________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.3．________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.4．Ordinarysoap,________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.5．Clearlyandthoughtfully________(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.6．Peoplereadnewspapersandmagazinestokeepthemselves________(inform)ofwhatisgoingonintheworldoutside.7．Hewasquiteexcitedatthenews________(announce)byhisclassteacher.8．Lifeisajourney________(fill)withhardships,joysandspecialmoments.9．We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,________(surround)bypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.10．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.11．Inartcriticism,youmustimaginethattheartisthasasecretmessage________(hide)withinthework.12．Thestudentsspentthewholeafternoonclearingthe________(fall)leavesaway.Ⅱ.結(jié)合動詞-ed形式的用法改寫下列句子1．WhenIgotintotheoffice,IfoundthatMrGreenwasburiedinhisworkwithoutnoticingmyarrival.→WhenIgotintotheoffice,________________________withoutnoticingmyarrival.2．Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress,theboydidn'trespond.______________________________，theboydidn'trespond.3．Thisfilm,whichisintendedforkidsunder13,isonatthelocalcinemathesedays.→Thisfilm,________________________，isonatthelocalcinemathesedays.4．Thewitnesseswhowerequestionedbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.→Thewitnesses____________________________gaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefigh