2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit5HumansandNaturePartⅣLesson3RacetothePole學(xué)案北師大版必修第二冊

PartⅣLesson3RacetothePole學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)話題語境人與自然及地球奇妙探究課時詞匯explorer,preparation,ski,boot,captain,polar,base,anxiously,ambition,exploration,cheerful,prove,distant,continent,honesty,sincerity,bravery常用短語ontheway(to),inpreparationfor,makeprogress(in),breakdown,puton,atonetime,havedifficultyin(doing)sth.,carryon,failto(do),leavefor,fornothing典型句式moreandmore＋adj./比較級＋and＋比較級越來越……Ⅰ.核心單詞拼法練習(xí)：請依據(jù)所給的詞性和詞義寫出單詞1．________________n.志向，雄心；追求，夙愿2．________________n.探險；探究3．________________adj.興奮的，興致勃勃的4．________________vt.證明；證明5．________________adj.久遠(yuǎn)的；遙遠(yuǎn)的6．________________n.探險者；勘察者7．________________n.預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備8．________________adj.極地的，地極的9．________________n.基地，大本營；基礎(chǔ)vt.以……為基地10．________________adv.焦慮地；擔(dān)憂地Ⅱ.閱讀單詞拼法練習(xí)：請依據(jù)所給的單詞和詞性寫出詞義1．continentn.________________2．honestyn.________________3．sincerityn.________________4．braveryn.________________5．skin.________________vi.________________6．bootn.________________7．captainn.________________On1June,1910,CaptainRobertFalconScottleftLondontobeginhisjourneytoAntarctica.Whilehewasonthewayto[1]Antarctica,hereceivedamessagefromtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsenwhichsaidhewasgoingsouth,too[2].ThentheracetotheSouthPolebegan![1]在去……的路上[2]which引導(dǎo)定語從句Duringthepolarsummerof1910—1911,bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.[3]ScottandAmundsenwaitedanxiouslyforspring.[3]Then＋謂語動詞＋主語．(倒裝)Amundsenwasthefirsttoleaveon8September,1911.Hehadteamsofdogspullingthesledges[4]andallhismenwereonskis.Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.Scottlefton1Novemberandsoonhadproblems.First,histwosledgesbrokedownandthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.Afterawhile,Scottandhismenhadtopushthesledgesthemselves.[4]have＋賓語＋賓補(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)：使……始終做……AmundsenreachedthePoleon14December,1911andputaNorwegianflagthere.Thenhepreparedforthereturnjourney.Amundsenandhisteamarrivedsafelybackrotheirstartingbaseon25January,1912aftertendaysaheadoftheirplanned[5]schedule.[5]過去分詞作定語ScottfinallyarrivedatthePolewithfourteammemberson17January,1912.TheywereshockedwhentheysawtheNorwegianflag.Scottwroteinhisdiary：“Well,wehavenowlostthegoalofourambitionandmustface800milesofhardpushing—andgoodbyetomostofourdreams.”Thereturnjourneywasoneoftheworstinthehistoryofexploration.Themenweresoonverytiredandwererunningoutoffood.Theweatherconditionswereterrible.Scottstartedtorealisetheirhopelesssituation：“Weareverycheerful,butwhateachmanfeelsinhisheartIcanonlyguess.Puttingonourshoesinthemorningisgettingslowerandslower.”However,ontheirwaybacktheyfoundtimetolookforrocks.Theycarriedtwentykilosofrocksallthewaywiththem.Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpast,thecontinentofAntarcticawascoveredbyplants.Thendisastercame.EdgarEvanshadaterriblediseaseanddiedafterabadfall.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking[6].Scottrecordedhisdeath：[6]who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句“Hesaid,‘Iamjustgoingoutsideandmaybesometime.’...WeknewthatpoorOateswaswalkingtohisdeath,butthoughwetriedtostophim,weknewthatitwastheactofabravemanandanEnglishgentleman.Weallhopetomeettheendwithasimilarspirit,andcertainlytheendisnotfar.”Scottandtwoofhisteammemberscarriedonandgotwithinelevenmilesofoneoftheirfoodbases.Butthenaterriblestormstartedandtheycouldnotleavetheirtent.Scottspentsomeofhislasthourswriting.HewrotealetterfullofsadnesstohiswifeKathleen：“Icouldtellyoulotsandlotsaboutthisjourney.Whatstoriesyouwouldhavefortheboy...butwhatapricetopay.”Scott'sdiaryalsotoldthestoryoftheirend：“Wearegettingweakerandweakerandtheendcan'tbefar.Itseemsapity,butIdonotthinkIcanwritemore.”ThenewsofScott'sdeathshockedtheworld.EvenAmundsenwasmovedbyScott'sdeathsaying“CaptainScottleftarecord,forhonesty,sincerity,forbravery,foreverythingthatmakesaman[7]”.ScotthadfailedtowintheracetothePole,butthegreatcourageshownbyScottandhismen[8]madethemheroes.[7]that引導(dǎo)定語從句[8]過去分詞短語作定語1910年6月1日，羅伯特·福爾肯·斯科特上校離開了倫敦，起先了去南極洲的旅程。在去往南極洲的途中，他收到了挪威探險家羅爾德·阿蒙森的一條信息，信息中說他也要去南極洲。于是，奔向南極的賽跑就起先了！在1910—1911年極地的夏季，兩支隊伍都建了食品儲備基地，為來年的旅程做準(zhǔn)備。極地的冬季來臨，四周一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙森著急地等待著春天的到來。1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一個動身。他用幾隊狗拉雪橇，全部的隊員都在滑雪板上行進(jìn)。因此，他行進(jìn)速度很快。11月1日，斯科特動身，很快就出現(xiàn)了問題。先是他的兩輛雪橇壞了，后來馬匹起先在大雪和寒冷的天氣下出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)峻問題。過了一陣子，斯科特和他的隊員不得不自己推雪橇。1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到達(dá)極點，在那里插上了挪威國旗。然后他為返程做準(zhǔn)備。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的團(tuán)隊比支配的行程提前10天平安抵達(dá)了他們動身的基地。1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名隊員最終到達(dá)了極點。當(dāng)看到挪威國旗時，他們特別震驚。斯科特在日記中寫道：“好吧，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失去了對奮斗目標(biāo)的追求，而且必須要面對800英里的艱苦行進(jìn)——并且要跟我們大多數(shù)人的幻想說再見?！彼麄兊姆党淌翘诫U史上最糟糕的旅程之一。隊員們很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天氣條件特別糟糕。斯科特起先意識到他們的境況令人無望：“我們很興奮，但每個人心里的感受我只能揣測。大家早上鞋子穿得越來越慢?！比欢诨厝サ穆飞?，他們還花時間去找尋了巖石。他們一路上帶著二十千克的石頭。后來，通過這些石塊證明，在遙遠(yuǎn)的過去，南極大陸曾經(jīng)被植被覆蓋。然后災(zāi)難來了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一種可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一個離去的是奧茨船長，他連走路都很困難。斯科特登記了他的死亡：“他說，‘我要出去一下，可能會待上一會兒?！覀冎揽蓱z的奧茨正走向死亡。盡管我們試圖阻擋他，但我們都知道這是一個英勇的人、一個英國紳士的行為。我們都希望能以同樣的精神挺到最終，我們也的確快走到最終了?！彼箍铺睾蛢擅爢T接著向前，到達(dá)了一處距離食品儲備基地不足11英里的地方。但隨后爆發(fā)了一場可怕的風(fēng)暴，他們無法離開帳篷。斯科特在他生命的最終幾個小時寫下一些文字。他寫了一封充溢哀痛的信給他的妻子凱瑟琳：“關(guān)于這次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告知你。很多你情愿給孩子講的故事……但付出了多大的代價啊?！彼箍铺氐娜沼浺仓v解并描述了他們的結(jié)局：“我們越來越虛弱，終點可能不遠(yuǎn)了。特別缺憾，但我想我無法接著寫下去了。”斯科特死亡的消息震驚了世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的離世觸動了，他說：“斯科特上校將永載史冊，因為他誠懇、真誠、英勇，并擁有一個男人該有的一切。”斯科特沒能贏得到達(dá)極點的競賽，但斯科特和他的隊員表現(xiàn)出的巨大志氣使他們成了英雄。?第一版塊：重點詞匯(1)preparationn．預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備preparev．準(zhǔn)備(教材P36)Whatpreparationsdotheyneedtomake?他們須要做什么準(zhǔn)備？[合作探究]體會preparation及其相關(guān)詞的用法和意義They'vesoldtheirhouseandcarinpreparationforleavingthecountry.他們賣掉了房子和汽車準(zhǔn)備出國。Mrs.Whiteisbusymakingpreparationsforherdaughter'swedding.懷特夫人正忙著為女兒的婚禮做準(zhǔn)備。Motherispreparingusameal.Wemaywashourhandsandprepareforthemeal.媽媽正在給我們準(zhǔn)備飯，我們可以洗手準(zhǔn)備吃飯了。makepreparationsfor為……做準(zhǔn)備inpreparationforsth.為某事做準(zhǔn)備beinpreparation在準(zhǔn)備中preparesb.forsth.使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備preparetodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事bepreparedtodo/forsth.對(做)某事有所準(zhǔn)備比較eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(preparesth.準(zhǔn)備某物,prepareforsth.為某事而做準(zhǔn)備（for表示對象）))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Inordertomake________(preparation)forthecomingcompetition,hedevoteshissparetimetoreadingeveryday.②—Whenwillthepartybeheld?—Itisstillin________(prepare).③—I'msureAndrewwillwinfirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________(prepare)foritformonths.④Alltheprofessorsare________________________(為……做準(zhǔn)備)thecomingacademicexchange.⑤Heispractisingeveryday________________________(為……做準(zhǔn)備)theWorldFigureSkatingChampionships(世界花樣滑冰錦標(biāo)賽).⑥Thebirthdaypartyis________________(在準(zhǔn)備中).⑦Ican'tgowithyoutothecinematonight.Ihaveatest________________(為……做準(zhǔn)備).⑧Please________________(準(zhǔn)備午飯)fortheguestsafterthevisit.(2)basen．基地，大本營；基礎(chǔ)vt.以……為基地(教材P36)Duringthepolarsummerof1910—1911,bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.在1910—1911年的極地夏季，兩隊人都為下一年的探險做了食物儲備。[合作探究]體會base的用法和意義Youshouldbaseyourconclusionon/uponcarefulresearch.你應(yīng)當(dāng)以審慎的探討為基礎(chǔ)而下結(jié)論。ThemovieASmileIsBeautifulisbasedon/uponthepopularnovelofthesamename.電影《微微一笑很傾城》是以同名人氣小說為基礎(chǔ)(改編)的。atthebaseof...在……底部anairbase空軍基地haveabroadbaseofthemasses有廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)base...on/upon...＝bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)baseone'sopinionsonfacts以事實為依據(jù)發(fā)表觀點bebasedonfacts以事實為依據(jù)詞語積累basicadj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的；初級的；必需的→basicallyadv.基本上；從根本上說即學(xué)即練完成句子/單句語法填空①我們在山腳下露營。Wecamped________________________themountain.②這個故事是基于歷史事實創(chuàng)作的。Thestory____________________historicalfacts.③我們的觀點應(yīng)當(dāng)以事實為依據(jù)。Weshould________________________________．④Theysettleddown________thebaseofthemountain.⑤Theresearchgroupproducedtworeports________(base)onthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.⑥________(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.⑦He________(basic)justsitsthereanddoesnothingallday.(3)anxiouslyadv.焦慮地；擔(dān)憂地anxiousadj.憂患的，擔(dān)憂的，渴望的(教材P36)ScottandAmundsenwaitedanxiouslyforspring.斯科特和阿蒙森著急地等待春天的到來。[合作探究]體會anxious的用法和意義Mymotheralwaysgetsabitanxiousifwedon'tarrivewhenwesaywewill.假如我們不能在我們所說的時間到達(dá)，母親總是有點焦慮。Shewasanxioustofinishschoolandgetajob.她渴望畢業(yè)找份工作。Heisstillabsent.I'manxiousforhim.他仍舊未到，實在讓我擔(dān)憂。Wewereanxiousforhissafereturn.我們盼望他平安歸來。waitanxiouslyfor著急地等待……lookanxiouslyat憂慮地看著……詞語積累anxiousadj.焦慮的→anxiouslyadv.beanxiousaboutsth.為……擔(dān)憂beanxiousthat...擔(dān)憂……beanxiousfor渴望得到……/為某人擔(dān)憂beanxioustodosth.渴望/急于做某事即學(xué)即練完成句子/單句語法填空①I________________________(急盼)yourreplytomyemail.②Tom________________________(擔(dān)憂地望著)hertoseeifshewasupset,butsheremainedcalm.③Studentsarewaiting________(anxious)fortheresultofthefinalexam.④Sheisanxious________notpassingthecollegeentranceexamination.⑤Thoseanxious________reformsaythatthepresentsystemistoonarrow.⑥Shewasanxious________(finish)schoolandgetajob.(4)provevt.證明；證明(教材P37)Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpast,thecontinentofAntarcticawascoveredbyplants.后來，這些巖石證明，在遙遠(yuǎn)的過去，南極洲大陸曾一度被植物覆蓋。[合作探究]體會prove的用法和意義Thedifficultywashowhecouldprovehisideastootherscientists.困難在于他怎樣向其他科學(xué)家證明他的想法。Theyprovethemselves(tobe)wiseandbrave.他們證明自己機靈英勇。Heproved(tobe)anhonestman.后來證明他是一個誠懇的人。Itisprovedthatthismethodiseffective.據(jù)證明這種方法是行之有效的。provesth.tosb.向某人證明某事proveoneself(tobe)...證明自己是……prove(tobe)＋n./adj.原來是；證明是Itisprovedthat...據(jù)證明……名師點撥prove作“證明是；結(jié)果是；事實說明”解時，用作連系動詞，無被動語態(tài)?？捎糜谝韵戮湫停簆rove＋形容詞prove＋名詞prove＋介詞短語或副詞prove＋動詞不定式即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Sheproved________(her)tobeanablesecretary.②By1914Einstein'stheoryproved________(be)correct.③Ithasbeenprovedagainandagain________whatissaidintheadsgreatlyaffectspeople'simpressionoftheproducts.④Canyouproveyourtheory________us？(5)ambitionn．志向，雄心；追求，夙愿(教材P37)Well,wehavenowlostthegoalofourambition...好吧，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失去了我們奮斗的目標(biāo)……[合作探究]體會ambition的用法和意義Hisambitionistobecomeanactor.他的志向是成為一名演員。alackofambition缺乏志向befullofambition充溢野心achieveone'sambition實現(xiàn)志向詞語積累ambitionn．→ambitiousadj.有志向的，雄心勃勃的；有野心的即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①He'savery________(ambition)youngpersonandhewantstoplayatthehighestlevel.②Hersonis________(ambition)tobecomeagreatinventor.③Theexplorer________________________(充溢野心)andwantedtowintheracetotheSouthPole.④She________________________(實現(xiàn)了自己的志向)tobecomethefirsttorunthe10，000metreswithin30minutes.(6)cheerfuladj.興奮的，興致勃勃的(教材P37)Wewereverycheerful...我們很興奮……[合作探究]體會cheer及相關(guān)詞的用法和意義Shetoldmetobecheerfulandlookonthebrightside.她勸我興奮點，要看到樂觀的一面。ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出現(xiàn)時，人群高聲歡呼。WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup.當(dāng)我感到悲傷時，我母親就給我講好玩的故事讓我興奮起來。acheerfulface笑臉acheerfulcolor令人興奮的顏色詞語積累cheern．歡呼聲，喝彩聲→cheerfuladj.cheer...on(在競賽中)為……加油，為……打氣cheer...up使……興奮起來，使……振作起來即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Sarahpretendedtobe________(cheer),sayingnothingabouttheargument.②Withthehelpofhissister,theshyboyseemstobe________________(更加興奮).③Itdoesmegoodtosee____________________(一張笑臉).?其次版塊：核心短語(1)makeprogress取得進(jìn)步(教材P36)Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.因此，他進(jìn)展很快。[合作探究]體會progress短語的意義和用法Makeswiftprogresstowardthedestination.朝目的地快速前進(jìn)。Pleasedonotentertheclassroomwhilealessonisinprogress.上課時請勿進(jìn)入教室。Thankstoherhelp,Imadegreatprogressinmystudy.多虧她幫忙，我在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。inprogress在進(jìn)行中；在進(jìn)展中makegreatprogressin...在……方面進(jìn)步巨大makerapidprogress取得快速的進(jìn)步makegreatprogress取得巨大進(jìn)步makesomeprogress取得一些進(jìn)步makemuchprogress取得很大的進(jìn)步makesteadyprogress取得穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)步誤區(qū)警示progress是不行數(shù)名詞，可以用rapid,great,some,much等修飾，但不能說makeaprogress。即學(xué)即練完成句子①Itishardtoimagine________________________(他們?nèi)〉玫倪M(jìn)步)inthepastfewmonths.②Thereportshowsthatweare________________________(取得快速的進(jìn)步),butweneedtomakegreaterefforts.③____________________(在……的幫助下)theteachersandhisclassmates,LiLeihasmadeaprogressinhisstudy.(2)breakdown停止運轉(zhuǎn)；出故障；（身體等）垮掉；失??；使分解(教材P36)First,histwosledgesbrokedown,andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.先是他的兩輛雪橇壞了，后來馬匹起先應(yīng)付不了大雪和寒冷的天氣。[合作探究]體會broke短語的用法和意義Talkswithbusinessleadersbrokedownlastnight.昨晚與商界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的談判失敗了。Everybodywasalarmedatthenewsthatwarmightbreakout.聽到斗爭可能爆發(fā)的消息人人感到恐慌。Thepolicecamerunningandbrokeupthecrowd.警察跑過去把人群驅(qū)散了。breakaway(from)脫離(政黨等)；打破(陳規(guī)等)breakdown壞掉；(談判等)失??；(身體等)垮掉；把……分類/分解breakin插話；闖入breakinto...破門而入；突然……起來breakoff中止；中斷；打斷；折斷breakout(斗爭、火災(zāi)、疫病等)突然爆發(fā)breakthrough沖破，突破breakup裂開；(關(guān)系)裂開；疏散，(被)分解名師點撥break是及物動詞，有被動語態(tài)breakdown是不及物性詞組，不能被動。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Ourcarbrokedownontheway.即學(xué)即練寫出句中breakdown的含義/完成句子①Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.________________②IleftLondonwhenmymarriagebrokedown.________________③ThecarbrokedownjustnorthofParis.________________④Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.________________⑤Angrypeople________________(沖過)thebarriersdespiteofwarningsfromthepolice.⑥Twoworldwars__________________(爆發(fā))inourplanetsofar.(3)havedifficultieswith...應(yīng)付……有困難(教材P36)．..andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.……后來馬匹起先在大雪和寒冷的天氣下出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)峻問題。[合作探究]體會difficulty短語的意義和用法Wewillfacemanydifficultiesinthefuture.將來我們將面臨很多困難。Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultywehadsolvingtheproblem.你無法想像我們解決這個問題有多么困難。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(havetrouble/difficultywithsth.,havetrouble/difficulty（in）doingsth.))做某事有困難havenotrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.毫不費勁地做某事withdifficulty有困難學(xué)法點撥difficulty表示抽象的“困難，費勁”時，是不行數(shù)名詞。difficulty表示詳細(xì)的“困難，難處”時，是可數(shù)名詞。誤區(qū)警示關(guān)于difficulty之后接的介詞，有時候in和with都是對的，只是意思不同。havedifficultyinthework(inthework表示“在工作中”)havedifficultywiththework(withthework表示“在應(yīng)對/處理這項工作方面”)即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①She'shavingalotoftrouble________thenewcomputer,butshedoesn'tknowwhomtoturnto.②—Howwasyourtriptothesmallvillage?—Youcan'timaginethedifficultywehad________(walk)throughtheheavyrain.③I__________________(有些困難)gettingusedtothelifehere.④Shedefendedherself________________(有困難).⑤Iam________________________(學(xué)……有些困難)Englishatpresent.⑥Theyhadmuchtrouble(in)________________(救人)buriedinthebuilding.⑦Theoldman________________________(閑聊毫不費勁)ontheInternet.⑧Thebookis________________________(充溢難點).(4)carryon接著進(jìn)行；堅持下去，開展；經(jīng)營(教材P37)Scottandtwoofhisteammemberscarriedonandgotwithinelevenmilesofoneoftheirfoodbases.斯科特和兩名隊員接著向前，到達(dá)距離食品儲備點不足11英里的地方。[合作探究]體會carry短語的意義和用法Wemustcarryontillsuccessinspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.盡管條件極其困難，我們必需堅持下去，直到勝利。Ihadsomedifficultyincarryingouttheplan.實施這個支配我有些困難。Hiscouragewillcarryhimthrough.他的志氣會幫他渡過難關(guān)。Thecollegeteamcarriedoffalltheprizesofthetabletennis.高校代表隊囊括了乒乓球競賽的全部獎項。carryonwithsth./doingsth.接著(做)某事/堅持(做)某事carryaway/off拿走；沖走，奪走carryout執(zhí)行；實施carrythrough貫徹；使渡過難關(guān)短語辨析carryout/carryoncarryout意為“執(zhí)行、實行”carryon表示(接著)進(jìn)行，進(jìn)行下去，強調(diào)堅持例如：HehadlearnedenoughGermantocarryonaconversation.他已學(xué)了足夠的德語來進(jìn)行會話。Nomatterwhatdifficultyyouwillmeetwith,carryoutyourplan.不管你遇到什么困難，都要執(zhí)行支配。即學(xué)即練完成句子①Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I'malwaystoobusyto________________(接著)aconversationwithher.②Althoughfacedwithsomanydifficulties,theystill________________(接著)theirresearch.③Thesupportofhermother________JaneGoodall________(使……渡過難關(guān))andshedevotedherselftothestudyofchimps.④Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewentto________________(執(zhí)行)thesecrettask.⑤Theteamwillhaveto________________(接著)withoutme.(5)spend...（in）doingsth.花費……做某事(教材P37)Scottspentsomeofhislasthourswriting.在他生命的最終幾個小時，斯科特花時間寫下一些文字。[合作探究]體會spend短語的意義和用法Hespendstoomuchtimeonhisstudy.他在學(xué)習(xí)上花費的時間太多了。Wespenthoursstudyingthestructureofleavesunderthemicroscope.我們花了好幾個小時在顯微鏡下探討葉子的結(jié)構(gòu)。Theladyspendstoomuchmoneyonclothes.這女士在做服裝上花的錢太多了。spendtime/moneyonsth.在……上花費時間/金錢spendtime(in)doingsth.花費時間做某事spendmoney(on)doingsth.花費金錢做某事詞語辨析spend/pay/cost/take(1)人＋spend＋時間＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(on＋物,（in）doing))人＋spend＋金錢＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(on＋物,（on）doing))(2)人＋pay(＋金錢)＋for＋物(3)物＋cost(＋人)＋金錢(4)Ittakes＋人＋時間＋todosth.即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/辨析填空(spend/pay/cost/take)/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Mysisterspentmuchofhertime________literature.②Ihatetospendalongperiodoftime________(play)computergames.③________tooktheassistantawholedaytocompletethesummary.④Shepaid$20________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.⑤Ittookhimalongperiodoftime________(finish)hisrevision.⑥Themealcookedbyanexpert________usabout$50.⑦Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme________forthisbook.⑧It________her10monthstofinishthetranslationofthisnovel.⑨Moremoneyshould________onhealthcareandeducation.⑩Ispentmuchtime(in)searchingforusefulinformationonthewebsite.→________________________________________________________________________(take)?第三版塊：重點句式(1)完全倒裝句式(教材P36)Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.接著漆黑的極地冬夜來臨了。[句式解讀]該句為完全倒裝語序，主語為thetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter，謂語為came。[合作探究]體會倒裝句的用法Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來了。Incametheheadmaster.校進(jìn)步來了。Gonearethedayswhenwewerelookeddownupon.我們被瞧不起的日子一去不復(fù)返了。Intheyardstandsatalltree.院子里有一棵大樹。[用法總結(jié)](1)表示地點的副詞here,there,up,down,out,in,away；表示時間的副詞now,then；表語以及表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時，句子用完全倒裝。(2)完全倒裝句中的謂語動詞常是系動詞be或come,go,lie,stand等不及物動詞，且主語是名詞。(3)這種完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)只限于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。(4)謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視后面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。學(xué)問拓展英語中完全倒裝的狀況：(1)“Here/There/Now/Then＋come(或be等)＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。①除了then引導(dǎo)的句子用過去式以外，其余的均用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種生動的描述。②假如主語是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。(2)表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首，要用完全倒裝。(3)表語/地點狀語(多為介詞短語)＋連系動詞/實義動詞＋主語(名詞)。(4)分詞短語置于句首時。(5)Thereis/lives/lies/stands/remains/appears/exists...(there是引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒意義)即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver________(lie)Chongqing,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.②ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadplayedonthestage.Infrontofthestage________(be)myexcitedschoolmates.③Foramomentnothinghappened.Then________________(傳來聲音)allshoutingtogether.④Inthedarkforests________________________(有很多湖泊),somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.⑤—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet...Look,there________________________(我們其余的客人來了)!⑥________________________(藏在門后的)weresomenaughtychildren.⑦_(dá)_______________________(有一座漂亮的城堡)bathedinthesunshine.⑧________________________(在樓前聳立著)amarblestatue.(2)have＋賓語＋賓補(教材P36)Hehadteamsofdogspullingthesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.他讓成群的狗拉著雪橇，全部人都坐在雪板上。[句式解讀]本句運用了句型“have＋賓語＋賓語補足語”，其中have是使役動詞，意為“使，叫，讓”。[合作探究]體會have句型的用法Theytriedtohavehertalking,butnouse.他們想讓她說話，但沒用。ShehadplannedtohaveherdaughtermarryLaurie.她本準(zhǔn)備讓女兒嫁給勞里。Asweleftwehadaphotographtakentogether.臨走時，我們一起照相了。[用法總結(jié)]該句型用法有以下幾種：(1)havesb./sth.doing讓某人做某事(動作具有持續(xù)、進(jìn)行含義)(2)havesb.do讓某人做某事(3)havesth.done讓/請別人做某事；遭遇到學(xué)法點撥have＋賓語＋賓補do(1)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事，賓語與賓補之間為主動關(guān)系。(have＝let)(2)havesb.doingsth.多用于否定句，與can't或won't連用，表示不能容忍某人做某事。(have＝stand容忍)(3)havesth.done的兩層含義：①使某事被……(主語有意識的行為，可能是主語自己做，也可能請別人做)；②遭遇，經(jīng)驗(不好的事)。誤區(qū)警示(1)havesth.todo有某事要做，have作“有”講，動詞不定式作后置定語。(2)havesth.todo結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語須與動詞不定式之間為主動關(guān)系，否則動詞不定式要用被動形式。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtohaveyourcar________(wash).②Youmusthaveyourhomework________(do)beforegoingouttoplay.③Iwon'thaveyou________(tell)mewhattodo.④—Youlookupset.What'sthematter?—Ihadmyproposal(提議)________(turn)downagain.⑤Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain________(catch).⑥Shetoldmeshe________________________(找人把她的房子粉刷了).⑦You'dbetter________________________________(找人把這些舊桌椅搬出)ourclassroom.⑧Myparentshave__________________(重要的事情要做)todayandleavemeinchargeofthehouse.(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來(教材P37)Iamjustgoingoutsideandmaybesometime.我要出去一下，可能會待上一會兒。[句式解讀]此句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來的句子。[合作探究]體會現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來的用法Weareleavingearlytomorrowmorning.我們明天一早動身。Let'shurryup.Itisbeginningtorain.快點，要下雨了。Areyoudoinganythingtomorrowafternoon?明天下午你有什么事嗎？We'regettingmarriedonApril10thisyear.我們今年4月10日要結(jié)婚。[用法總結(jié)](1)位移動詞的進(jìn)行時表將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來主要表示按支配或支配將要發(fā)生的事。這種用法比較生動，給人一種期盼感。此時所運用的動詞多是表示位置移動的動詞(詞組)，如come,go,gooff,leave,arrive,fly,start,travel,walk,ride,drive,takeoff等。(2)非位移動詞的進(jìn)行時表將來除運用表示位置移動的動詞(詞組)外，還可運用某些非位移動詞，如do,buy,meet,play,publish等，此時句中一般要有表示將來的時間狀語。點撥現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來常指“意圖”“支配”或“準(zhǔn)備”。這種現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時比較生動，給人一種期盼感。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子①When________you________(go)offforyourholiday?②She________(leave)forSingaporetonight.③Hisplane________(take)offat9：20.④“Themoment________(come)soon，”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.⑤Jack________________(要去見)hisgirlfriendthisafternoon.⑥I________________(支配出版)abookthisyear.⑦M(jìn)yuncle________(come)backfromabroadnextmonth.⑧She________(leave)earlytomorrowmorning.Ⅰ.練單詞—記堅固A．請依據(jù)句意和所給的首字母或中文提示用正確的單詞填空1．Iamgoingtolearnto________(滑雪)duringthewinterholiday.2．Mymotherboughtmeapairof________(靴子)asmybirthdaygift.3．Iammakingeveryefforttobe________(興奮的)everydaywhateverhappens.4．Shefinallyachievedher________(志向)ofbecomingawriter.5．Makefulluseoftodayandmakeagood________(準(zhǔn)備)fortomorrow.6．Astheclimatewarmsup,thep________icewillbegintomelt.7．TheysayIamtooyoungbutIwillp________thattheyareallwrong.8．Hetravelledalonethewholec________ofAfricafromeasttowest.9．Wemadehimthec________ofourschoolfootballteam.10．Tohaveacarofmyownseemstobead________dream,butitisnotsofaraway.B．用準(zhǔn)用活：請依據(jù)句子語境，用所給提示詞的正確形式完成句子Group1:anxiously1．Itwaslateandtheparentswere________aboutthesafetyoftheirchildren.2．Ifyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyour________withyourdoctor.Group2:ambition1．Tobeawriterofchildren'sliteraturewasherlifelong________．2．Mothersarealwayshighly________fortheirchildren.Group3:cheerful1．Let'sgivea________tothekidswhohavepassedthetest.2．Thefanswereshoutingand________whentheteamscoredanothergoal.3．OurEnglishteacherishumorousandwehavea________atmosphereinhisclasses.Group4:distant1．Thetimewespenttogetherisa________memory.2．Whatisthe________betweenBeijingandGuangzhou?Group5:explorer1．Ourcountryhasexpresseditswishto________andusethespacepeacefully.2．Thespaceshipcarriedoutalotoftasksforthefuture________ofthespace.Group6:preparation1．Itishardformetogiveaspeechwithout________．2．Wehaveto________forthegamebutbecarefulaboutinjuries.Group7:base1．Itisnecessaryforustostrengthenthe________skillsofreadingandwriting.2．Successmustbe________onacleargoalandhardwork.Ⅱ.練短語—記堅固請依據(jù)所給中文寫出相應(yīng)的短語1．曾經(jīng)；一度________________2．在某方面有困難________________3．接著________________4．未能做成________________5．前往；動身去________________6．免費；徒然________________7．在……途中________________8．為……做準(zhǔn)備________________9．取得進(jìn)步________________10．停止運轉(zhuǎn)，出故障________________11．穿上；上演；增加________________Ⅲ.練句子—用活用準(zhǔn)短語請依據(jù)中文提示用正確的短語完成句子1．休息了許久之后，我們得打起背包奔向新的目的地。Afteralongrest,wehavetopackupand________________anewdestination.2．全部的額外努力都白費了，因為他們已經(jīng)取消了支配。Alltheextraeffortscount________________，sincetheyhavecancelledtheplan.3．假如你改掉壞習(xí)慣，你就能在學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。Ifyoubreakfreefromyourbadhabits,youwill________________inyourstudy.4．我得離開幾天，球隊將不得不在沒有我的狀況下接著競賽。Ihavetobeawayforseveraldaysandtheteamwillhaveto________________withoutme.5．我在新單詞發(fā)音方面總有困難，現(xiàn)在我必需多加練習(xí)。Ialways________________pronouncingnewwordsandnowImustpractisemore.6．不幸的是，我的自行車今日早上在上學(xué)路上壞了，所以我遲到了。Unfortunately,mybike________________onmywaytoschoolthismorning,soIwaslate.7．出門前記著穿上校服。Rememberto________________yourschooluniformbeforegoingout.8．我從不錯過早餐，要么在家吃，要么在上學(xué)的路上吃。Inevermissbreakfast,soIeithereatathomeoreat________________toschool.9．這座古老的教堂曾經(jīng)是當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆觽兊膶W(xué)校。Theoldchurch,________________，servedasaschoolforthelocalchildren.10．我的父母總是能給我一個有意義的生日。Myparentsnever________________surprisemewithameaningfulbirthday.11．籌備這次家庭聚會花費了很多錢。Alotofmoneyhasbeenspent________________thefamilyget-together.Ⅳ.單句寫作請依據(jù)句意和提示短語翻譯句子1．你再這樣工作下去會把身體弄垮的。(breakdown;carryon)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．看上去這個小孩自己穿襪子有點困難。(havedifficultyin)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．現(xiàn)在就起先努力學(xué)習(xí)，我信任你將來會取得進(jìn)步的。(makeprogress)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．這些巖石證明，南極大陸曾一度被植物覆蓋。(atonetime)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．爸爸說他可能在下班回家的路上丟了鑰匙。(ontheway)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheracetotheSouthPolewasbetweenCaptainScottandtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.CaptainScottleftLondontobeginhisjourneytoAntarcticaon1June,1910.OnhiswaytoAntarctica,hereceivedamessagefromAmundsen1.________saidhewasgoingsouth,too.Thentheracebegan.Togetpreparedfortheirjourneysthenextyear,bothteamsorganisedtheirfood2.________(base)duringthepolarsummerof1910—1911.Thencamethetotal3.________(dark)ofthepolarwinter.Thetwoexplorerswaited4.________(anxious)forspring.ThefirsttoleavewasAmundsen,whosetoffon8September,1911,withteamsofdogs5.________(pull)thesledges.Allhismenwereonskis.Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.On1November,Scottleftandsoon6.________(have)problems.Histwosledgesbrokedownandthenthehorseshaddifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.As7.________result,Scottandhismenhadtopushthesledges8.________(them).So,whenScottandhisfourteammembersfinallyarrivedatthePole,theywereshockedtoseetheNo