建筑識圖與房屋構(gòu)造下 Architectural Draw

建筑識圖與房屋構(gòu)造（下）ArchitecturalDrawingReadingandBuildingStructure(II)第六章建筑工程圖的基本知識Chapter6BasicKnowledgeofArchitecturalEngineeringDrawings工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject建筑設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)階段：Twostagesofarchitecturaldesign:1.初步設(shè)計(jì)階段1PreliminaryDesignStage2.施工圖設(shè)計(jì)階段2ConstructionDrawingDesignStage工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject初步設(shè)計(jì)階段PreliminaryDesignStage簡略的總平面布置圖及房屋的平、立、剖面圖；設(shè)計(jì)方案的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)；設(shè)計(jì)概算和設(shè)計(jì)說明等。Abriefgenerallayoutplan,plans,elevations,sectionviews,technicalandeconomicindicatorsofthedesignscheme,designbudgetestimatesanddesignspecifications.施工圖設(shè)計(jì)階段ConstructionDrawingDesignStage指導(dǎo)工程施工的所有專業(yè)施工圖、詳圖、說明書、計(jì)算書及整個(gè)工程的施工預(yù)算書等Allprofessionalconstructiondrawings,details,instructions,andcalculationsforguidingtheengineeringconstructionandconstructionbudgetstatementsforthewholeproject.施工圖建筑施工圖結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖設(shè)備施工圖建筑施工圖主要表達(dá)建筑物的外部形狀、內(nèi)部布置、裝飾構(gòu)造、施工要求等。Architecturalconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowtheexternalshape,internallayout,decorationstructureandconstructionrequirementsofbuildings.結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖主要表達(dá)承重結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)件類型、布置情況以及構(gòu)造作法等。Structuralconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthemembertype,layoutandconstructionmethodoftheload-bearingstructure.設(shè)備施工圖主要表達(dá)房屋各專用管線和設(shè)備布置及構(gòu)造等情況。Equipmentconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthelayoutandstructureofspecialpipelinesandequipmentinbuildings.房屋施工圖的圖示特點(diǎn)Thegraphiccharacteristicsofconstructiondrawingsareasfollows(1)按正投影原理繪制(1)Drawnaccordingtotheprincipleoforthographicprojection.

(2)繪制房屋施工圖采用的比例(2)Scaleusedfordrawingtheconstructiondrawingsofbuildings.

(3)房屋施工圖圖例、符號應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)繪制(3)LegendsandsymbolsofbuildingconstructiondrawingsshallbedrawninstrictaccordancewithNationalStandards4）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖集4)Standardcollectivedrawings圖6-2定位軸線及編號方法Fig.6-2PositioningAxisandNumberingMethod1定位軸線和編號Positioningaxisandnumber附加軸線的編號Numberingofadditionalaxes表6-1索引符號與詳圖符號Table6-1IndexandDetailSymbols名稱

Description符號

Symbol說明

Description詳圖的索引符號Indexsymbolfordetails細(xì)實(shí)線單圓圈直徑應(yīng)為10mm，詳圖在本張圖紙上剖開，從上往下投影

Thediameterofasinglecirclewiththincontinuouslineshallbe10mm,anddetailsshallbesectionedonthisdrawingandprojectedfromtoptobottom詳圖不在本張圖紙上剖開，從下往上投影

Detailsarenotcutonthisdrawing,butprojectedfrombottomtotop2索引符號和詳圖符號2INDEXANDDETAILSYMBOLS名稱Description符號Symbol說明Description詳圖的索引符號Indexsymbolfordetails標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳圖STANDARDDETAIL詳圖的符號Symbolsfordetails粗實(shí)線單圓圈直徑應(yīng)為14mm被索引的在本張圖紙上ThicksolidlineSinglecirclediametershallbe14mmIndexedonthissheet被索引的不在本張圖紙上

Indexisnotonthissheet6.3.2索引符號和詳圖符號6.3.2IndexandDetailSymbols圖6-5符號及標(biāo)高數(shù)字的注寫

Fig.6-5MarkingofSymbolsandElevationNumbers3

標(biāo)高Elevation圖6-7引出線Fig.6-7LeaderLine4引出線LeaderLine圖6-9多層構(gòu)造引出線Fig.6-9LeaderLineforMulti-LayerStructure6.3.4引出線6.3.4LeaderLine圖6-10圖形的折斷Fig.6-10BreakingofGraphs5折斷符號5Breakingsymbol圖6-11對稱符號Fig.6-11Symmetricalsymbols6

對稱符號6Symmetricalsymbols圖6-14指北針Fig.6-14Northarrow7

指北針7Northarrow8變更云線

8Changecloudlines圖紙中局部修改宜使用云