質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的公式

質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的公式基本概念質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式是計(jì)算質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的公式，質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是指某物質(zhì)中某種成分的質(zhì)量與該樣品中總物質(zhì)質(zhì)量之比的百分?jǐn)?shù)，如在溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量與溶液質(zhì)量之比的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、在混合物中某種成分的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、在化學(xué)式中某種元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)等。注意:1、溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)只表示溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量與溶液質(zhì)量之比，并不代表具體的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量。2、溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)一般用百分?jǐn)?shù)表示。3、溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算式中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量與溶液質(zhì)量的單位必須統(tǒng)一。4、計(jì)算式中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量是指被溶解的那部分溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量，沒(méi)有被溶解的那部分溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不能計(jì)算在內(nèi)。溶液的計(jì)算1、關(guān)于溶液稀釋的計(jì)算因?yàn)槿芤合♂屒昂螅苜|(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變，所以若設(shè)濃溶液質(zhì)量為Ag，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%，加水稀釋成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的稀溶液Bg，則Ag×a%=Bg×b%(其中B=A+m水)2、關(guān)于溶液增濃(無(wú)溶質(zhì)析出)的計(jì)算溶液增濃方法a、向原溶液中添加溶質(zhì)因?yàn)槿芤涸黾尤苜|(zhì)前后，溶劑的質(zhì)量不變。增加溶質(zhì)后，溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量=原溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量+增加的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量，而溶液的質(zhì)量=原溶液的質(zhì)量+增加的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量。所以，若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%，加溶質(zhì)Bg后變成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的溶液，則Ag×a%+Bg=(Ag+Bg)×b%。b、將原溶液蒸發(fā)去部分溶劑因?yàn)槿芤赫舭l(fā)溶劑前后，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變。所以，若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%，蒸發(fā)Bg水后變成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的溶液，則Ag×a%=(Ag-Bg)×b%。c、與濃溶液混合因?yàn)榛旌虾蟮娜芤旱目傎|(zhì)量等于兩混合組分溶液的質(zhì)量之和，混合后的溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量等于兩混合組分的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量之和。所以，設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%，濃溶液質(zhì)量為Bg，溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%，兩溶液混合后得到溶質(zhì)的