2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題01Festivalsaroundtheworld（押題專練）新人教版必修3

專題01Festivalsaroundtheworld第一節(jié)閱讀理解閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APersuasionistheartofconvincingsomeonetoagreewithyou.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion：ethos,pathos,andlogos.Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatsheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onemonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall,you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Aspeakercanalsocreateethosbyconvincingtheaudiencethatsheisagoodperson.Ifanaudiencecannottrustyou,youwillnotbeabletopersuadethem.Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemsupporthim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepictureofinjureddogsandcats,tomaketheviewersfeelpity.Iftheaudiencefeelsbadfortheanimals,theywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbemorelikelytobelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.Indeed,mostspeakersuseabinationofethos,pathos,andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchamercial,orlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1．Whydoestheauthorsaypersuasionisanart?A．Theybothentertaintheaudience.B．Theybothrequiregreatskilltoachieve.C．Theybothdemandfullattentionfromtheaudience.D．TheywerebothmontopicsofancientGreekwriters.解析：主旨大意題。文章首先說(shuō)勸服是一種讓別人相信認(rèn)同你的藝術(shù)，然后具體介紹了古希臘提出的三種基本工具的用法和對(duì)觀眾產(chǎn)生的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是勸服的技巧性，所以說(shuō)勸服是一門藝術(shù)。B項(xiàng)意為“它們都要求很高的技巧性”，符合題意。故正確答案為B。答案：B2．Howisaspeakerabletoshowherethostotheaudience?A．Byexpressinghersympathywiththeaudience.B．Bytellingtheaudienceaboutherpersonalpreference.C．Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakeherstatementsattractive.D．Byshowingherknowledgeandexperiencerelatingtothetopic.答案：D3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeaspectsofpersuasion?A．Ethosisthemostimportantaspectofpersuasion.B．Eachaspecthasadifferenteffectontheaudience.C．Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.D．Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudience.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章介紹了persuasion的三個(gè)基本工具也就是ethos，pathos和logos，并分別說(shuō)明了每個(gè)工具的作用以及具體的使用方法。B項(xiàng)意為“每個(gè)方面都能對(duì)觀眾產(chǎn)生不同的影響”，符合題意。A項(xiàng)，“Ethos是說(shuō)服最重要的一個(gè)方面”。文中僅僅介紹了三個(gè)方面的不同作用，并沒(méi)提及哪個(gè)更為重要，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)，“坦誠(chéng)是使你的觀點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)可信度的關(guān)鍵”。文中提到persuasion的三個(gè)工具均能提高觀點(diǎn)的可信度，并沒(méi)有提及坦誠(chéng)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)，“政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最常使用pathos來(lái)勸服他們的觀眾”。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Indeed，mostspeakersuseabinationofethos,pathos,andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences”可知，雖然每種工具的作用不同，但是演講者通?；旌鲜褂眠@三種，而非僅僅使用pathos，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案為B。答案：B4．AnadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthatMscientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofallbacteriaismainlyusing________.A．ethos B．pathosC．logos D．a(chǎn)binationofallthree答案：CBFromtheageofseven，Cameronwaseducatedattwoindependentschools.Duetogoodacademicgrades，Cameronenteredthetopacademicclassalmosttwoyearsearly.Attheageofthirteen，hewenttoEtonCollegeinBerkshire，followinghisfatherandelderbrother.Hisearlyinterestwasinart.SixweeksbeforetakinghisOLevelhewascaughtsmokingcannabis(大麻)．Headmittedtheoffencebuthadnotbeeninvolvedinsellingdrugs，sohewasnotexpelled.However，hewasfinedandpreventedfromleavingschoolgrounds.AfterleavingEtonin1984，Cameronstartedanine-monthgapyear.HeworkedasaresearcherforTimRathbone.Inhisthreemonthsthere，heattendeddebatesintheHouseofmons.Throughhisfather，hewasthenemployedforafurtherthreemonthsinHongKongbyJardineMathesonasa“shipjumper”，whichwasanadministrativepost.CameronthenbeganhisBachelorofArtsstudiesinPhilosophy，Politics，andEconomicsatBrasenoseCollege，Oxford.Histutordescribedhimasoneoftheableststudentshehadtaught，withmoderateandsensibleConservativepoliticalviews.GuySpier，whosharedatutorwithhim，remembershimasanoutstandingstudent，“Weweredoingourbesttograspbasiceconomicconcepts.However，nobodyevencameclosetoCameron.HewouldbeintegratingthemwiththewaytheBritishpoliticalsystemisputtogether.Hecouldhavelecturedmeforit，andIwouldhavesatthereandtakennotes.”WhileatOxford，Cameronwasamemberoftheexcellentstudentdiningsociety，theBullingdonClub，whichhasareputationforastrangedrinkingcultureassociatedwithboisterous(狂放不羈的)behavioranddamagingproperty.Camerongraduatedin1988withafirst-classhonoursdegree.5．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Cameron'searlyeducation.B．Cameron'shobbiesatschool.C．Cameron'sfamilymembers.D．Cameron'sbadexperiences.6．WhathappenedtoCameroninhisgapyear?A．Heexperienceddifferentjobs.B．Hedebatedwithmanypeople.C．Hetravelledalotwithhisfather.D．Hespenttheyearrestingathome.7．WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeCameroninOxford?A．Ableandexcellent.B．Lazyandtalkative.C．Noisybutsensible.D．Kindbutaggressive.8．TheBullingdonClubmentionedinthelastparagraph____．A．isverystrictinadmittingmembersB．isthemedwithdiningfortopstudentsC．iscloselyrelatedtopoliticsanddiningD．isaninternationalclubforcollegestudents語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了英國(guó)首相卡梅倫的小學(xué)、中學(xué)和大學(xué)生活。7．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章的第三段的“describedhimasoneoftheableststudentshehadtaught”和第四段的“remembershimasanoutstandingstudent”等可知。答案：ACMarch,AprilandMayaremonthsfulloffestivalsandeventsallovertheworld.Herearefourwonderfulfestivalsaroundtheworldthathappeninspring.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,pleaseclickhereorvisit：///festival.htm/.Songkran—ThailandDates：13th～15th,AprilInThailand,peoplecelebrateafestivalcalledSongkran,whenpeopleheadouttothestreetswithwatergunstosprayeveryonewhowalkspast.Naghol—VanuatuDates:EverySaturdayfromApriltoMayEveryyear,villagersetogethertocelebratetheharvestofyams,animportantpartinthepeople'sdietinVanuatu.Thefestivalismostfamousforits“l(fā)anddivingceremony”.Duringtheceremonymenandboysdivetothegroundfromhighwoodentowerswithonlytwothinvines(藤)attachedtotheirankles.CherryBlossomViewing—JapanDates:Thecherryblossomseasonisdifferentfromyeartoyeardependingontheweatherforecast.Thefestivaliswell-known.Japanesecelebratethedayswhentheflowersfinallyblossom.Onlyafewdayslater,thepetals(花瓣)falltotheground,likepinksnowflakes.Thatmeansthetraditionalfestivalonlylastsforseveraldays.InJapan,almosteveryonehaspicnicsintheparkstoviewtheflowers.SinhaleseNewYear—SriLankaDates:13thor14th,AprilJustlikeinmanyothercountriesinSouthorSouthEastAsia,thisisthetimewhentheSinhalesecelebratethetraditionalNewYear,anancientcelebrationwhichmarkstheendoftheharvestseasonandisoneoftwotimesoftheyearwhenthesunisstraightaboveSriLanka.Therearealotofdeliciousfoodsduringthecelebration.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文為說(shuō)明文。每年3～5月是世界各地節(jié)日最多的月份，本文主要介紹了四個(gè)地方的特色節(jié)日。9．WhatmayhappentoatouristwalkinginthestreetduringSongkraninThailand?A．Hemaygetwet. B．Hemaybeshotbythelocals.C．Hemayenjoydeliciousfoods. D．Hemayseesomepetalsfalling.解析A推理判斷題。根據(jù)Songkran—Thailand部分中的…peopleheadouttothestreetswithwatergunstosprayeveryonewhowalkspast可推知，游客在潑水節(jié)期間游走在泰國(guó)街頭，極有可能會(huì)被水槍噴濕，故選A項(xiàng)。10．Wherecanyougotoenjoyamazingperformancesduringthefestival?A．Thailand. B．Vanuatu.C．Japan. D．SriLanka.解析B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Naghol—Vanuatu部分中的第三句可推知，此節(jié)日的儀式具有一定的危險(xiǎn)性，即節(jié)日期間可以去瓦努阿圖欣賞令人驚詫的表演，故選B項(xiàng)。11．HowisCherryBlossomViewingdifferentfromtheotherthreefestivals?A．Itisatraditionalfestival.B．Itisaveryfamousfestival.C．Itvarieswithweatherconditionseveryyear.D．Itallowsvisitorstoeatfoodduringthefestival.12．Whereareyoumostlikelytofindthetext?A．OnTV. B．Inareport.C．OntheInternet. D．Inanewspaper.解析C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的…pleaseclickhereorvisit…可推知，此篇文章最有可能來(lái)自網(wǎng)上，故選C項(xiàng)。DAhandshakeisoneofthemostmonwaystogreetothers,butUSPresidentDonaldTrump'sunusualmethodhasbeenputunderthemicroscopelately.Muchlikeanarmwrestlerinamatch,therecently-electedleaderhasahabitofyanking(猛拉)people'shandstowardhimselfduringhandshakes.Andwhileatypicalhandshakeisonlybrief,theonebetweenhimandJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeonFeb10lastedafull19seconds.Simplyhavingastronghandisnottheexplanationhere.AccordingtoDarrenStanton,abodylanguageexpertfromtheUK,whilehandshakesareusuallyanexchangeofkindness,Trumpuseshisasawaytoshowpowerandcontrol,regardlessofhowunfortableitmakespeople.“Itisasiftosay,‘Hey,I'mincharge,don'tmesswithme，’”StantontoldTheIndependent.ApartfromTrump's“yank-shake”，thereareotherwayspeopledisplaypowerwiththeirhands.Atbusinesstalksorpoliticalmeetings,forexample,somepeoplemayrotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))theirwristsduringhandshakessothattheirhandendsupontopinsteadofunderneath.Somemaysqueezesohardthatitleavestheotherperson'shandinpain.AccordingtoStanton,bypullingpeopleintohispersonalspace,Trumpisalsotestingwhethertheyarewillingtocooperatewithhim.“Forexample,ifsomeonewasresistanttobeingyankedtowardshimand__stood_their_ground__,_hewouldknowthathehasworktodowiththembeforehegotwhathewanted，”StantontoldExpress.ThisisprobablywhyonFeb13whenCanadianPrimeMinisterJustinTrudeauvisitedtheWhiteHouse,alleyeswereonhowhewasgoingtohandleTrump'shandshake.Fortunately,TrudeaumanagedtoavoidtheembarrassmentbygrabbingTrump'sshouldertostophimselfbeingpulledin.Afterward,someTwitteruserswrotethatthisprovedTrudeau'sstrongleadership,withoneevencallingthemoment“oneofCanada'sgreatestvictories”.Vicemagazinesummeduptheexchangebetweenthetwoleadersas:“…noregularhandshake.Thiswasthefirstshotinabloodlesswar.”語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文為議論文。握手是見面問(wèn)候最常見的方式之一，但美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普與眾不同的握手方式近來(lái)卻被仔細(xì)研究了一番……13．AccordingtoDarrenStanton,Trumpuseshis“yank-shake”to________.a．showhiskindnessb．gaincontrolc．remindpeopleofhisstatusd．seeifpeoplearecooperativee．getpeopletolowertheirguardA．bcd B．a(chǎn)bcC．a(chǎn)ce D．bde解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句以及第五段第一句可知，特朗普通過(guò)將他人拽向自己，來(lái)試探這些人是否愿意和自己合作，故選A項(xiàng)。14．Thephrase“stoodtheirground”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A．wentahead B．stoodstill C．turnedaround D．pulledout解析B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，如果某人被拽向他時(shí)顯得勉強(qiáng)，并在原地保持不動(dòng)的話，特朗普就會(huì)明白，在達(dá)到目的之前，還有一些工作要做。所以畫線短語(yǔ)意為：站在自己的地方(立場(chǎng))，故選B項(xiàng)。15．Accordingtothetext,thewayTrudeaureactedtoTrump'shandshake________.A．a(chǎn)nnoyedTrump B．displayedhispowerC．wasconsideredrude D．waslikelytostartawar16．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．Somepeoplespintheirwristsduringhandshakestoshowextrarespect.B．Handshakesarethemostpreferablewayforpoliticalleaderstogreetothers.C．Thewaysomeoneshakesanotherperson'shandcanhavedifferentmeanings.D．Thelongertwopeopleshaketheirhands,thebettertheirrelationshipis.解析C推理判斷題。通過(guò)本文所講述的特朗普握手背后的故事可知，不同的握手方式反映了不同的內(nèi)涵，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從1～20題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Oneoftheeasiestthingsintheworldistobeeafault-finder.However，lifecanbe____1____whenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit.SeveralyearsagoI____2____aletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry，whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder，almostalways____3____bythings.Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthatannoyedher，and____4____wasevergoodenough.Shewashighlyself-criticalandalsofoundfaultwithherfriends.Shebecameareally____5____person.Unfortunately，ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeher____6____．Herbestfriendwasseriouslyhurtinacarcrash.Whatmadeitalmost____7____todealwithwasthatthedaybeforethe____8____，Kerryhadvisitedherfriendandhasspentthewholetimecriticizingher____9____ofboyfriends，thewayshewasliving，thewaysherelatedtohermother，andvariousotherthingsshefeltsheneededto____10____．Itwasn'tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecame____11____herhabitoffindingfault.Veryquickly，shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthanto____12____everythingsoharshly(刻薄)．Shewasabletotransferhernewwisdomtootherpartsofher____13____aswell.Perhapsmostofusaren'tasextremeatfault-finding，____14____whenwe'rehonest，wecanbesharply____15____oftheworld.I'mnotsuggestingyou____16____problems，orthatyoupretendthingsare____17____thantheyare，butsimplythatyoulearntoallowthingstobeastheyare—____18____mostofthetime，andespeciallywhenit'snotareallybig____19____．Trainyourselfto“biteyourtongue”，andwithalittle____20____，you'llgetreallygoodatlettingthingsgo.Andwhenyoudo，you'llgetbackyourenthusiasmandloveforlife.1．A.lonelyB．greatC．quietD．uneasy2．A.receivedB．a(chǎn)nsweredC．expectedD．rejected3．A.threatenedB．interruptedC．botheredD．spoiled4．A.anythingB．everthingC．somethingD．nothing5．A.caringB．boringC．interestingD．surprising6．A.attitudeB．planC．measureD．explanation7．A.urgentB．unnecessaryC．certainD．impossible8．A.occasionB．eventC．a(chǎn)ccidentD．a(chǎn)dventure9．A.memoryB．noticeC．evidenceD．choice10．A.hearB．contributeC．expressD．a(chǎn)dmit11．A.awareofB．a(chǎn)fraidofC．curiousaboutD．confusedabout12．A.discussB．realizeC．judgeD．settle13．A.familyB．lifeC．careerD．education14．A.soB．orC．butD．for15．A.proudB．sureC．hopefulD．critical16．A.faceB．createC．solveD．ignore17．A.rarerB．betterC．strangerD．worse18．A.atleastB．a(chǎn)tlastC．byfarD．sofar19．A.taskB．dealC．resultD．duty20．A.practiceB．speechC．restD．pity語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文，題材是生活態(tài)度。世界上最容易的事情之一是做一個(gè)挑錯(cuò)的人，然而當(dāng)你不去忙于挑錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，生活會(huì)變得很快樂(lè)。作者通過(guò)講述發(fā)生在Kerry身上的一個(gè)故事詮釋了這一點(diǎn)。1．解析：由首段和后文作者講述的故事寓意可知，當(dāng)你不忙于挑錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，生活會(huì)變得令人愉快(great)。great使人快樂(lè)的；lonely孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的；quiet安靜的，平靜的；uneasy不安的，憂慮的。答案：B4．解析：人們總是使她煩惱，從來(lái)沒(méi)有什么事情(nothing)是足夠好的。答案：D5．解析：她成了一個(gè)真正的令人討厭的(boring)人。boring無(wú)聊的，煩人的；caring關(guān)心的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人驚奇的。答案：B6．解析：不幸的是，一次可怕的意外事故改變了她的態(tài)度(attitude)。從下文可知，朋友出事后，Kerry改變了自己的態(tài)度。plan計(jì)劃；measure措施；explanation解釋。答案：A7．解析：幾乎不可能(impossible)處理的事情是，在朋友出車禍前一天Kerry還批評(píng)了朋友。urgent緊急的；unnecessary不必要的；certain確定的。答案：D8．解析：在朋友出車禍(accident)的前一天，Kerry拜訪了她的朋友。occasion時(shí)機(jī)，場(chǎng)合；event事情；adventure冒險(xiǎn)(活動(dòng))。答案：C9．解析：Kerry在整個(gè)拜訪朋友期間一直在批評(píng)朋友對(duì)男朋友的選擇(choice)，她的生活方式等。答案：D10．解析：各種各樣其他的Kerry認(rèn)為她需要表達(dá)(express)的東西。hear聽見；contribute捐贈(zèng)；admit承認(rèn)。答案：C11．解析：直到朋友嚴(yán)重受傷時(shí)Kerry才意識(shí)到(becameawareof)她挑錯(cuò)的習(xí)慣。be/beeawareof＝realize意識(shí)到，認(rèn)識(shí)到。答案：A12．解析：很快地Kerry學(xué)會(huì)了欣賞生活而不是刻薄地評(píng)判(judge)一切。discuss討論；realize認(rèn)識(shí)到；settle解決。答案：C13．解析：Kerry還能夠把新的觀念轉(zhuǎn)移到她的生活(life)的其他方面。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)ife具有概括性，囊括了其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。family家庭；career事業(yè)，生涯；education教育。答案：B14．解析：由語(yǔ)境可知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選but。so表因果關(guān)系；or表選擇關(guān)系；for表因果關(guān)系。答案：C17．解析：也不是在暗示你假裝認(rèn)為事情比實(shí)際情況好一些(better)。答案：B18．解析：我只是暗示你學(xué)會(huì)順其自然。接受事物的本來(lái)面目——至少(atleast)大多數(shù)時(shí)間是這樣的。答案：A19．解析：尤其是當(dāng)那不是真正的大是大非(deal)的時(shí)候。答案：B20．解析：訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)忍著不說(shuō)出自己的看法，再加上些許實(shí)踐(practice)，你就會(huì)真的擅長(zhǎng)順其自然。當(dāng)你做到這一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你將重新獲得對(duì)生活的希望。答案：A第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether1．todevelop(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria2．a(chǎn)re(be)abletoresist3．powerful(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman4．health(healthy).Itsaidtheyhave5．theabilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial6．that/whichhelpsotherbacteriabeeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie-PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector-GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid,“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout7．oftreatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugpaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone,thenewantibioticswemost8．urgently(urgent)needarenot