（高考英語作文煉句）第9篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE1盡管年輕人能夠相信他們的教科書是正確無誤的,但還是要在年輕時培養(yǎng)他們區(qū)分真實信息和虛假信息,事實與偽事實的認知能力.Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual(1.正確無誤的),the

cognitiveskills

(2.認知能力)neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation(3.區(qū)分真實信息和虛假信息),and

factfromfiction(4.區(qū)分事實與偽事實),shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

1-accurateandfactual

詞典釋義：accurate['?k.j?.r?t]

adjective

IMPROVER

■correct,exactandwithoutanymistakes

準確的;精確的;正確的?an

accurate

machine精密的機器?an

accurate

description準確的描述?Thefigurestheyhaveusedarejustnot

accurate.他們引用的數(shù)字太不準確.?Hernovelisan

accurate

reflectionoflifein

post-warSpain.她的小說是戰(zhàn)后西班牙生活的真實寫照.?Wehopetobecomemore

accurate

in

predicting

earthquakes.我們希望能更準確地預測地震.factual['f?k.tj??l]

adjective

■usingorconsistingoffacts

事實的;真實的?Shegaveaclear,

factual

accountoftheattack.她如實地清晰陳述了遇襲經(jīng)過.

外刊例句：Idomyjobonthebasisoffactsanddataandresearchand

analysisandoperationalplanning,andoffthebackofthatIwillgive

answersthatare

accurateandfactual

-notthrowawaylinesininterviews,factualanswers.(TheGuardian)我基于事實、數(shù)據(jù)、調查、分析和作業(yè)計劃來完成工作,并且,我在此之后會做出精確且真實的回答,這并非采訪中的順口開河之言,而真的是肺腑之言.

替換表達：precise/correct/true

學生錯誤表達：(1)

flawless點評：flawless含義是"無缺點的,完美的”,用在此處不合適.(2)

correctandwithoutmistakes點評：correct本身已經(jīng)包含withoutmistakes的含義,這里不用重復用詞.

2-cognitiveskills

詞典釋義：cognitiveUK

['k?g.n?.t?v]

US

['kɑ：g.n?.t??v]

specialized

adjective

[beforenoun]

■connectedwiththinkingorconsciousmentalprocesses

感知的;認知的;認識力的?Someofher

cognitive

functions

havebeen

impaired.她的部分認知能力受到了損害.?cognitive

behaviour/development認知行為／認知發(fā)展?cognitive

therapy/psychology認知療法／心理學

外刊例句：Inaworldinwhichthatwerepossible,some

cognitiveskills

wouldbecome

relativelymoreimportant—asortofarchivistsawarenessofpotentially

unknownorunderappreciateddatasources,forinstance,orasimpleability

toaskinterestingquestions.

()在那(概念)能實現(xiàn)的世界里,某些認知能力將相對地變得更為重要——比如說某種收集型感知能力,能感知到那些也許尚無人知曉或遭人忽視的數(shù)據(jù)來源,又或者是懂得提問有趣問題,這種簡單的能力.

替換表達：cognitiveability

學生錯誤表達：(1)

abilitytorecognize點評：recognize含義是"認識;承認”,與"認知”含義不同.(2)

thesenseofcognitive點評：搭配不當,senseof后面一般接名詞,而cognitive是形容詞.

3-differentiateinformationfrommisinformationdifferentiate后跟betweenAandB、或者AfromB.

詞典釋義：differentiate[?d?f.?'ren.t?i.e?t]

verb

FINDDIFFERENCE

區(qū)別

intransitive

or

transitive

■toshoworfindthedifferencebetweenthingswhichare

compared

區(qū)別,分清,辨別?Wedonot

differentiate

between

ourworkers

onthebasisoftheirbackgroundorethnicorigin.我們不會因工人的背景或種族不同而區(qū)別對待.

misinformationUK

[?m?s.?n.f?'me?.??n]

US

[-f?-]

noun

uncountable

■whenpeoplearemisinformed

錯誤的資訊?There'salotof

misinformation

about

AIDS

thatneedstobecorrected.有許多關于愛滋病的錯誤資訊,亟待更正.■informationintendedtodeceive

假消息?Hiselectioncampaignwasbasedon

misinformation

about

therivalcandidates.他的競選活動是根據(jù)有關對手候選人的假消息進行的.

外刊例句：IsGreecereallydowntoitslast€600m?Couldthecountry

gobustinthenextcoupleofweeks,asfinanceministerYanisVaroufakis

suggests?It’simpossibletoknow.Sifting

informationfrommisinformation

isamug’sgamewhenbothsides

inanegotiationareengagedinbrinkmanship.

()希臘真的只剩下最后6億歐元嗎?希臘真的會像其財政部長葉尼斯·瓦爾法科斯所想那樣,在未來數(shù)周內破產(chǎn)嗎?答案無從知曉.談判雙方都聚焦在冒險政策上,只有傻瓜才會在這時去分辨信息真?zhèn)?

學生錯誤表達：(1)disguisetruenewsfromfakenews點評：disguise含義是"假扮;掩蓋”,這里不能將disguise與distinguish(分辨)混淆.Truenewsfromfakenews可以改為truefromfalse,即distinguishtruefrom

false(2)tellthetrueinformationfromthefalse

ones點評：information是不可數(shù)名詞,后面不可以用ones來指代.這里可以改為tellinformationfrommisinformation(3)

discriminatefactualinformationandfictitiousone點評：當discriminate取"區(qū)別,辨別”的含義時,常見搭配為discriminate

somethingfromsomething,例如：theprocessoflearning

todiscriminatefactfromopinion學會區(qū)別事實和觀點的過程原句應該改為discriminatefactualinformationfromfictitiousone

4-factfromfiction

fiction詞典釋義：countable

or

uncountable

■afalsereportor

statementwhichyoupretendistrue

虛構的事;謊言

?[+

that]Atworkshekeptup

the

fiction

that

shehadauniversitydegree.工作時,她一直謊稱自己有大學學歷.?Whenhe'stellingyousomething,youneverknowwhat's

factandwhat's

fiction.他向你敘事時,你永遠都不知道哪些是事實,哪些是杜撰的.

外刊例句：Separating

factfrom

fiction

usedtobearelativelystraightforwardtask.Thencame"fake

news”.Inrecentyearstheadventofsocialmediahasmadeitfareasierto

spreadliesaboutcurrenteventsonline,benefitingbothshadowypolitical

actorsadvancingagendasandunscrupulousentrepreneurshopingtoreap

advertisingrevenues.

()在以前,分辨事實真?zhèn)问欠菹鄬唵蔚墓ぷ?隨后,"虛假新聞”出現(xiàn)了.近年來,隨著社交媒體誕生,在網(wǎng)上散布虛假新聞變得容易多了,這既方便了那些身份不明的政治參與者推動政治議程,也讓那些欲賺取廣告收入的騙子公司獲利了.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

truthfromlie點評：lie使用不當,這里可以改為untruth(2)

factsandfakefacts點評：沒有fakefacts的說法,應該改為factandfiction(3)

factandforgedfact點評：forged含義是"偽造的”,這里用詞不當.(4)atruthfromanuntruth點評：truth以及untruth都是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不用加a,這里可以改為truthanduntruth

Q：1.認知能力,柯林斯英英中skill當ability能力講是不可數(shù)的,是不是應該用cognitiveskill?看起來ability更合語境,用cognitiveability是否更恰當?A：當skill表示"能力”這個抽象概念時是不可數(shù)名詞,比如：I

admiredtheskillanddedicationofthenursingstaff.

當skill表示某一種具體的能力時是可數(shù)名詞,比如academic/technical/practical

skills,而認知能力屬于這些具體能力中的一種,因此應該用cognitiveskills

這里也可以用cognitiveability,比如BBC例句：Thefiguressuggestthatthe

cognitive

ability

ofthoseworkingabout60hoursaweekcanbelowerthanthose

whoarenotemployed.

Q：這里為什么要用need?還請老師指正.A：這里需要分析一下句子結構：Thecognitiveskillsneededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction,should

bedevelopedatayoungage.句子的主干是Thecognitive

skillsshouldbedevelopedatayoungage.而neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction這部分作為后置定語修飾thecognitiveskills,相當于Thecognitive

skills,whichareneededtodifferentiateinformationfrommisinformation,

andfactfromfiction,shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

Q：Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual不明白這里為什么要用tobe?A：這里是因為trust的一個固定搭配,trust

somebody/somethingtodosomething,所以有trusttheir

textbookstobeaccurateandfactual

Q：atayoungage這里可以用定冠詞嗎?區(qū)分事實與偽事實factfromfiction：為什么這里沒有冠詞?A：atayoungage是一個固定說法,不能改為at

theyoungage;fact以及fiction都是不可數(shù)名詞,加上定冠詞就變成了特指,而這里應該用泛指,所以不能加冠詞.2.一個健康的教育不止包含對事實和數(shù)據(jù)的記憶.學生學會如何提問,如何分析,如何學習也同樣重要.Ahealthyeducation

(1.健康的教育)consistsof

(2.包含)morethan

thememorizationoffactsanddata(3.對事實和數(shù)據(jù)的記憶).

Itisequallyimportantthat

(4.同等重要的一點是……)studentslearnhowto

question,analyzeandinquire(5.提問、分析和調查).

1-Ahealthyeducation這里的健康,指的是合適的、對以后有益的.

詞典釋義：healthy

●●●○○6.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

明智的;聰明的;合理的

Ifyouhavea

healthy

attitudeaboutsomething,youshowgoodsense.

【搭配模式】：oftitv-linkADJto-inf?Shehasarefreshingly

healthy

attitudetowork...她對工作持一種明智態(tài)度,令人耳目一新.

?It'svery

healthy

tobeafraidwhenthere'ssomethingtobe

afraidof.不逞匹夫之勇是很明智的.

外刊例句：Despitetheevidencefromsuchstudiesthereisstill,

accordingtoMoore,"ananxietythatchildrenaren’tgoingtobereadytofit

intotheeconomybecausetheydon’tdocomputersattheageoffour–whereas

ifyougivethem

ahealthyeducation

andchildhood,theycancatchupveryeasily”.(TheGuardian)據(jù)穆爾所說,盡管有這些研究顯示的證據(jù),仍有這么一種焦慮存在著,即兒童會因為在四歲時未能接觸到電腦而無法對經(jīng)濟制度做好適應準備——其實,如果給兒童提供健康的教育和童年,他們一樣能很快地適應經(jīng)濟制度.

學生錯誤表達：(1)awholesomeeducation點評：wholesome一般指"有益健康的”,用在這里不妥.(2)theexcellenteducation點評：這里education是泛指,定冠詞the應該改為a,excellent沒有突出"健康”的含義,可以改為healthy.(3)well-balancededucation點評：well-balanced是指"均衡良好的”,沒有突出"健康”的含義,此外,前面應該加冠詞a

2-consistsof注意consistof和contain、include不同,consistof后跟的是全部組成成分,contain、include后跟的是部分組成成分.

詞典釋義：consist

●●●○○1.VERB

動詞

由…組成;由…構成

Somethingthat

consists

of

particularthingsorpeopleisformedfrom

them.

【語法信息】：Vofn/-ing?Breakfast

consistedofporridgeservedwithbutter.早餐是麥片粥配佐餐黃油.?Hercrew

consistedofchildrenfromDevonandCornwall.她的團隊由來自德文郡和康沃爾郡的孩子們組成.

外刊例句：Ofalltheproductstocopy,however,acarissurelythe

mostcomplicated.Cars

consistof

around6,000preciselymanufacturedcomponentsmadefromarangeofdifferent

materials.

()然而,汽車在眾多要復制的產(chǎn)品中,肯定是最復雜的.汽車由大約6000個精密制作的部件構成,而且它們又由各種金屬物質制成.

替換表達：bemadeupof/becomposedof/becomprisedof

學生錯誤表達：(1)

about點評：about是"關于,有關”的含義,與"包含”不同.

3-thememorizationoffactsanddatamemorization指記憶的行為或過程,memory指記憶力或被記住的事情.

外刊例句：

Whereasforme,therealvalueofathink-tankshouldbeto

promotenewandinterestingideas,ortoharnessspecialexpertisetobring

somereallycrunchy

factsanddata

toBrusselspolicydebates.

(TheEconomist)但是對于我而言,智庫的真正價值該在于提出有趣且新穎的想法,或者是用其獨特的專業(yè)知識把某些事實和數(shù)據(jù)"干貨”,帶到歐盟的政治辯論中.

學生錯誤表達：(1)thememoryoffactsanddata點評：memory是指"記憶力”,這里應該要用memorization,強調記憶的行為或過程.(2)thememoryoffactsanddatas點評：data本身就是復數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)形式是datum),沒有datas的說法.此外,這里memory要改為memorization,強調記憶的行為或過程.(2)

remembranceoftruthanddata點評：remembrance是指"回憶;紀念”,這里應該改為memorization,此外truthanddata要改為factsanddata

4-Itisequallyimportantthat此句型中,It為形式主語,that引導主語從句.

詞典釋義：equally['i：.kw?.li]

adverb

ESSENTIAL

■fairlyandinthesameway

平等地…;相同地…?Inanidealworld,wouldeveryonegettreated

equally?在理想世界里,每個人都會得到平等待遇嗎?■inequalamounts

平均;均等

?Theinheritancemoneywas

shared

equally

amongthethreesisters.遺產(chǎn)的錢由三姐妹均分.■tothesamedegree

同樣地;相等地;相同地;均等地

?Youlooked

equally

niceinbothdresses.這兩件連衣裙你穿哪件都一樣漂亮.■usedforaddinganideathatisasimportantaswhatyou

havejustsaid

同樣地…(用于加入一個與前面所說內容同樣重要的觀點)

?Notallbusinessesarelegitimate.

Equally,notall

customersarehonesteither.不是所有的生意都是合法的.同樣地,不是所有的顧客都是誠實的.

外刊例句：ButwhilewevigorouslyopposetheRepublicanplan,

itisequallyimportantthat

wefight

forahealthcaresystemthataddressestherealneedsoftheAmericanpeople,

includingmillionsofAmericanswholackaccesstogoodqualityprimarycare.

(TheGuardian)然而我們激烈反對共和黨的計劃的同時,我們也是在捍衛(wèi)這個醫(yī)療保障系統(tǒng),其真正解決了美國人民的需求,其中有數(shù)百萬人尚無法獲得優(yōu)良的初級保健護理.

替換表達：itisalsoimportantthat

學生錯誤表達：(1)

it'sthesameimportant點評：中式表達.這里可以改為itisalsoimportantthat

5-question,analyzeandinquire每個并列的部分選取相同的結構,既美觀也便于做到精確,比如這里給出的是三個動詞并列,也可以采用動賓短語并列或者名詞并列.

詞典釋義：question

●●●●●2.VERB

動詞

向…提出問題;詢問;盤問

If

you

question

someone,youaskthemalotofquestionsaboutsomething.

【語法信息】：Vn?Thisledthetherapistto

question

Jimabouthisparentsandtheirmarriage...這讓治療專家問起了吉姆有關他父母及他們婚姻的情況.

?Amanisbeing

questioned

bypoliceinconnectionwithanattackonadisabledwoman.警方正在詢問一名涉嫌襲擊一位殘疾女性的男子.

analyseUK

(ALSOUSanalyze)['?n.?l.a?z]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tostudyorexaminesomethingindetail,inorderto

discovermoreaboutit

分析?Researchers

analysed

thepurchasesof6300

households.研究人員對6300個家庭的購物消費作了分析.?Watersamplestakenfromstreamswere

analysed

for

contaminationbychemicals.對水質樣本進行分析,來測定溪流是否已受到化學品的污染.

inquire

●●○○○2.VERB

動詞

調查;查究

Ifyou

inquireinto

something,you

investigateitcarefully.

【語法信息】：Vinton/wh?Inspectorswereappointedto

inquire

intotheaffairsofthecompany.督查員受委派調查該公司的事務.

外刊例句：MychildhoodwasspentinIndiaatatimewhenthe

unforgivingAsianmodelwasinfullswing.Nothingyoudidwasgoodenough.

Infact,everysingleoneofmyreportcards,whetherIcamefirstinclass

ortenth,screamed,"Candobetter!".Conceptslikeperseverance

andemotionalwelfarewerenon-existent.Ithinkthatasaresult,myearly

educationhinderedmycapacitytoreflect,analyseand

inquire.(TheGuardian)我在印度度過了童年,那時,毫不寬容的亞洲教育模式尚處頂峰.無論學生做得多好都不會覺得夠好的.事實上,在我的每一張匯報卡片上,無論我是第一個到學校還是第十個到學校,這些卡片都會寫著"還能做得更好!”.堅持不懈或情感福利等概念并不存在.在我看來,這樣的結果就是,早期教育阻礙了我培養(yǎng)出諸如反思、分析和探索等能力.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

howtoquestion,analysisandstudy點評：analysis是名詞,這里應該改為動詞analyse/analyze,與其他動詞保持一致.(2)

howtoaskquestions,howtoanalyze,howtolearn點評：question可以作為不及物動詞,表示"質疑”,這里howtoask

questions應該改為howtoquestion以便與后面的結構保持統(tǒng)一.(3)

howtheyraisequestions,makeanalysisandlearn

knowledge點評：learnknowledge是中式表達,應該改為acquireknowledge

Q：memorization和memory的區(qū)別?是不是memorization有點包含記憶的動作的意思?而memory表示記憶的結果?A：是的,memorization表示記憶的行為和過程,memory指"記憶力;回憶”.

Q：請問老師andbeyond怎么用,我上網(wǎng)查到說該詞組常置于時間狀語之后,但曾經(jīng)做翻譯練習時見過theworldandbeyondA：andbeyond可以置于時間、地點等狀語之后,比如朗文詞典例句：Therepercussionswillbefeltthroughouttheindustryandbeyond

(=inotherareas).影響將波及整個產(chǎn)業(yè)及其他領域.

Q：1)"同樣重要”這個句型可不可以說itmatters

equallythat...2)為什么education

前面可以加a?(ahealthyeducation)

A：1)itmattersequallythat這一說法比較少見,不建議使用

2)education是單數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞,這個時候是可以加a的,可以查詢朗文詞典中的education詞條,看到更多例句.

3.學習外語的學生會留意到參與討論比看電影和看電視節(jié)目會產(chǎn)生更好、更長久的效果,因為前者是高度互動的體驗,而后者至多只是一種被動學習的模式.Studentswhohavestudiedaforeignlanguagewill

notethat

(1.留意到)participatinginaconversation

producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

(2.產(chǎn)生更好以及長久的效果)thanwatchingamovieorTVshow,because

theformer(3.前者)is

ahighlyinteractiveexperience(4.高度互動的體驗),whilethelatterprovidesonly

apassivemodeoflearning(5.一種被動學習的模式)

atbest(6.至多).

1-note

詞典釋義：noteUK

[n??t]

US

[no?t]

verb

transitive

slightly

formal

ADVANCED

■tonoticesomething

留意,注意

?They

noted

theconsumers'growingdemandfor

quickerservice.他們留意到消費者對便捷服務與日俱增的需求.?[+(that)]Please

note

(that)

wewill

beclosedonSaturday.請注意我們周六不營業(yè).?[+questionword]

Note

how

easyitisto

releasethecatchquickly.注意看,迅速拉開插銷有多么容易.

例句：Japaneseexpressionsofregretandatonementarefinely

tunedtothecircumstances.Sostudentsofetiquettewerequickto

note

thattheapologyissuedbySony

onTuesdayOctober24th,formanufacturingoccasionallyinflammablelaptop

batteries,waslessthanwholehearted.()日本人表達悔過和歉意時十分講究語境.所以,學習委婉語的學生很快就注意到,日本索尼公司在10月24日周四為其生產(chǎn)的可能自燃的手提電腦電池做出了道歉,但這道歉并不誠懇.

替換表達：notice

學生錯誤表達：(1)

recognise點評：recognise的含義是"認出(某人或某事);承認(某事實)”,不可以用來表示"留意”.

2-producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

詞典釋義：long-lastingUK

[?l??'lɑ：.st??]

US

[?lɑ：?'l?s.t??]

adjective

■continuingforalongperiodoftime

持續(xù)很久的,持久的?a

long-lasting

friendship持久的友誼

外刊例句：ThejailingoftheheroineoftheOrangeRevolutionof

2004,andthememoryofthedisastrousfailureofthepro-westernand

pro-democracyuprisingtodeliver

long

lastingresults

hasleftmillionsofUkrainiansdisillusionedwith

politicsandpoliticians.

()2004橙色革命的英雄遭受監(jiān)禁,而這場意味深遠的支持西方民主的革命慘遭失敗的記憶也仍殘留在數(shù)百萬烏克蘭民眾的記憶中,他們也因此對政治和政客不再心存幻想.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

prolongedandprofoundeffects點評：prolonged一般指疾病、干旱、戰(zhàn)爭等現(xiàn)象持續(xù)很長時間,不能用來修飾effects,這里可以改為long-lastingeffects(2)

hasbetterandlongereffect點評：effect是可數(shù)名詞,這里應該改為effects,一般不用longer來修飾effect,可以改為long-lasting(3)

betterandmorelastingeffects點評：morelasting應該改為long-lasting

3-theformertheformer和thelatter相對.另外,the

former作為"前者”的含義時,由于前文必然提到這兩者的具體內容,所以需要加定冠詞the表示特指.

詞典釋義：UK

['f?：.m?r]

US

['f?：r.m?]

noun

onlysingular

theformer

ADVANCED

■thefirstoftwo

people,thingsorgroupspreviouslymentioned

前者,前一個

?Ofthetwosuggestions,Ipreferthe

former.這兩個建議中,我更喜歡前一個.

外刊例句：Itismoreelegantthantheothertwomainformsofsetting

afee：hagglingandmenupricing.

The

former

isinefficientbecausethesellermightnotbenegotiatingwith

thepersonpreparedtopaythemost.

The

latter

willbeinefficientunlessthesellerhasexhaustiveknowledgeof

thesupplyanddemandconditionsandcanquicklyadjusthisprices

accordingly.

()這要巧妙過其它兩種標價的方式——討價還價式與菜單標價式.前者效率低,因為商販可能不是在與真正能出最高價格的人協(xié)商價錢,而后者的話,除非商販能徹底把握整個供給市場情況且能相應地迅速調整價格,否則后者也是低效率.

4-ahighlyinteractiveexperience

詞典釋義：interactiveUK

[??n.t?'r?k.t?v]

US

[-t??-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■describesasystemorcomputerprogramwhichisdesigned

toinvolvetheuserintheexchangeofinformation

交互的,人機對話的,互動的?an

interactive

game/video互動式游戲／視訊?Thisisan

interactive

museumwherechildrencan

activelymanipulatetheexhibits.這是一個互動式博物館,孩子可以親手擺弄展品.

IMPROVER

■involvingcommunicationbetweenpeople

互動的?interactive

teachingmethods互動式教學法

外刊例句：Thefirm’suseofopeninnovationisalsodistinctive.

UnlikeApple’sdictatorialoperatingsystem,Xiaomi’suserinterface,MIUI,

is

highlyinteractive.()小米公司在開放式創(chuàng)新的應用方面也獨樹一格.小米公司的用戶交互界面(MIUI)與蘋果公司獨裁式的操作系統(tǒng)不同,互動性非常高.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

extremelyinteractiveexperience點評：experience是可數(shù)名詞,前面應該加冠詞,即anextremely

interactiveexperience

5-apassivemodeoflearning

詞典釋義：passive['p?s.?v]

adjective

BEHAVIOUR

行為

oftendisapproving

■notactingtoinfluenceorchangeasituation;allowing

otherpeopletobeincontrol

被動的,消極的;順從的

?He'svery

passive

intherelationship.他在這段關系中非常被動.?Menhavealwaysplayedanactivepartinleadingworship

whilewomenhavebeenconfinedtomore

passive

roles.男性在宗教崇拜方面一直起著主導作用,而女性則一直被局限于較被動的角色.

modeUK

[m??d]

US

[mo?d]

noun

WAY

方式

ADVANCED

countable

slightly

formal

■awayofoperating,livingorbehaving

方法;做法;方式?Eachdepartmentinthecompanyhasitsown

mode

of

operationandnoneofthemarecompatible.這家公司的每一個部門都有自己的運作方式,互不相容.?Railwaysarethemostimportant

mode

of

transportfortheeconomy.鐵路對經(jīng)濟而言是最重要的運輸方式.

6-atbest

詞典釋義：atbest

■evenwhen

consideredinthemostpositiveway

最多,充其量

?Thefoodwasblandat

best,andatworst

completelyinedible.這種食物往好方的面說,是清淡無味,往差方面說,則根本就不能吃.

外刊例句：ThereisnoequivalencebetweentheAmericanandChinese

economies.Capital,peopleandideasstillflowfreelyintoandoutof

America;China’srelationshipswiththeoutsideworldaresemi-permeable

atbest.

()中美經(jīng)濟體并無相同之處.資本、人才和想法在美國任意流動,而中國與世界的聯(lián)系最多也只能稱為"半流通”.

替換表達：atmost

學生錯誤表達：(1)morethan點評：morethan是"超過”的意思,與atbest(至多)含義不同.

Q：學習外語的學生能否翻譯成Languageschoolstudents?這樣句型更簡潔可以嗎.A：不可以.Languageschoolstudents是指"語言學校的學生”,這個范圍要比"學習外語的學生”窄.

Q：至多atbest：我沒有翻譯出來這個意思,例句的說法我也不是很熟悉A：可以查詢詞典atbest這個詞條,學習更多例句.

Q：Studentslearningaforeignlanguage可以這樣用現(xiàn)在進行時嗎?A：這里不是現(xiàn)在進行時,learningaforeignlanguage是現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語修飾students,相當于studentswhoarelearninga

foreignlanguage

Q：被動的學習apassivemodeoflearning是否可以翻譯成passivelearning,passive不能直接修飾learning嗎?A：被動學習可以翻譯為passivelearning,不過它與apassivemodeoflearning略有不同,apassive

modeoflearning是指"一種被動學習的模式”.

【while表示對比】while還可以引入從句表示另一件事作為對比.【例如】I'mCatholic,whileDebbieisJewish.我是天主教徒,黛比則是猶太教徒.

這個對比,同when引入的對比不同.when引入的對比是彼此相反的強烈對比,while則只是表示兩者的不同,不強調相反;而且when往往談同一件事本身包含的自相矛盾,while則往往談兩件事的差異(中文常用"則”字).試比較：HowcanI

evergetajobinAmericawhen(*while)Ican'tevenspeakEnglish?我連英語都不會說,又怎么能夠在美國找到工作呢?/Howsillywearetositaroundinsidewhen(*while)outsideit

issolovely.外面這么好,咱們呆在屋里多么笨./Fredgambledhis

moneyawaywhile(*when)Juliaspenthersallondressesandbric-a-brac.弗雷德把自己的錢賭博賭掉,朱麗亞則把錢花在衣服和擺設上./Geographically,theUKisontheperipheryofEurope,while

(*when)Parisisattheheartofthecontinent.從地理上說,英國位于歐洲的邊沿,而巴黎則是在大陸的中心.

4.電子詞典的使用要比傳統(tǒng)詞典容易得多.與其需要快速翻閱數(shù)頁以查找正確的頁碼和正確的詞條,電子詞典的使用者只需要輸入這個單詞,然后單詞的含義馬上就會出現(xiàn)在屏幕上.Electronicdictionaries

(1.電子詞典)aremucheasiertousethantraditionaldictionaries.Insteadofhavingto

leafthrough(2.快速翻閱)severalpagesand

scandown

(3.查找)thecorrectpagetofindaparticular

entry(4.詞條),electronicdictionaryusersneedonlytypeintheword,anditsdefinitionwillimmediatelyappearonthescreen.

1-electronicdictionaries

詞典釋義：electronicUK

[??lek'tr?n.?k]

US

[-'trɑ：.n?k]

adjective

ELECTRICAL

電的

ESSENTIAL

■(especiallyofequipment),using,basedonorusedina

systemofoperationwhichinvolvesthecontrolofelectriccurrentbyvarious

devices

(尤指設備)使用電子器件的,電子的?an

electronic

keyboard/game電子鍵盤／游戲?electronic

components/devices電子元件／設備

外刊例句：Andthepointsinfavorof

electronicdictionaries

areevenmorecompellingthanthecase

againstprintedones.Hyperlinksallowforquicklearningaboutrelated

items.Audiopronunciationsbeatouttranscriptionsinobscureformats.

Photosandevenvideosareasnaptoinclude.Blogsandothermeta-content

enrichtheexperience.

()而且,支持電子詞典的觀點可以說比反對紙質詞典的還能人心悅誠服.超鏈接讓使用者可以快速查找相關信息.音頻發(fā)音遠勝難懂的標音范式.要把圖片甚至是視頻納入詞條也輕而易舉.博客和其他多媒體內容也豐富了查詞的體驗.

替換表達：digitaldictionaries/e-dictionaries

2-leafthrough

詞典釋義：[li：f]

verb

Phrasal

Verbs

leafthroughsth

■toquicklyturn

thepagesofabookoramagazine,readingonlyalittleofit

瀏覽,粗看,略讀?Thewaitingroomwasfullofpeople

leafing

throughmagazines.等候室里到處都是人,都在翻看雜志.

外刊例句：Researchersarefarmorelikelytousekeywordsearchesin

Googletofindpapersrelevanttotheirworkthanto

leafthrough

printedjournals.

()研究者更慣于在谷歌上利用關鍵字搜索與他們研究相關的論文,而不是瀏覽出版刊物.

替換表達：lookthrough/flipthrough/thumbthrough

學生錯誤表達：(1)lookover/flipover點評：lookover/flipover含義是"翻頁;換磁帶”,例如：You

mayturnoveryourexampapersnow.這與"快速翻閱”不同.(2)browsethrough點評：browsethrough是指"隨意翻看,隨意瀏覽(不一定帶有查找信息的目的)”,而leafthrough一般指快速翻看書籍以查找信息,兩者不可互換.

3-scandown詞典釋義：scan

●●○○○2.VERB

動詞

細看;察看;審視;端詳

Whenyou

scan

aplaceorgroupofpeople,youlookatitcarefully,usually

becauseyouarelookingforsomethingorsomeone.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vnforn

【語法信息】：Vprep

【搭配模式】：nopassive?Theofficer

scannedtheroom...那名警官仔細檢查了房間.

?Shewasnervousandkept

scanning

thecrowdforPaul...她很緊張,眼睛不停地在人群中搜尋保羅.

?Heraisedthebinocularstohiseyeagain,

scanningacrossthescene.他再一次把雙筒望遠鏡舉到眼前,仔細觀察整個現(xiàn)場.

外刊例句：Scandown

theBrookingslist,andthatislessthantheseventhmost-costlySenaterace(Arkansas),

whichcost$56.3m,or$26.47perArkansasvoter.Sotheseventhcostliest

Senateracecostmorethantheentire2010generalelectioninBritain.

()細看查找一下布魯金斯學會的統(tǒng)計表,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),這比阿肯色州參議員選舉還花的少,該選舉在花費最多的參議員選舉中位列第七,耗資5630萬美元,每位阿肯色州選民分推26.47美元.也就是說,第七花費多的參議員選舉都比整個英國2010年大選耗費更多.

4-aparticularentry

詞典釋義：entry['en.tri]

noun

INFORMATION

資訊

IMPROVER

countable

■aseparatepieceofinformationthatisrecordedina

book,computer,etc.

項目;條目;(一則)記錄?They'veupdatedalotofthe

entries

inthemost

recenteditionoftheencyclopaedia.在最新版百科全書中他們更新了很多條目.?Ashisillnessprogressed,he

made

fewer

entries

inhisdiary.隨著病情加重,他日記記得越來越少.

外刊例句：TheconstructionhasnotyetmadeitintotheOxford

EnglishDictionary,inwhichthe

entry

for"as”alreadycomprises35meanings.TheMacquarieDictionary,an

Australianpublication,hasan

entry

fortheintensifier"as"butoffersnocluewhenitfirstappeared.

()該語法解析尚未把它納入到牛津字典中,"as”的詞條在該字典里,已經(jīng)有35個義項.而澳大利亞出版的麥克奈利在"as”作強調成分初次出現(xiàn)時就把這用法收錄了進去,不過未作提供用法提示.

學生錯誤表達：(1)item點評：item是指"項目,條款”,例如Theotheritemonthe

agendaisthetour.日程中的另一項是旅游.這里用item不夠entry精確.(2)word點評：word一般是指單詞,在這里不如entry(apieceofwritinginadict