（高考英語作文煉句）第29篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.今天的能源公司極為在乎形象,他們會(huì)不余遺力地避免關(guān)于破壞環(huán)境的不利報(bào)道.Energycompaniestodayareextremely

image-conscious(1.在乎形象)and

gooutoftheirwayto

(2.不余遺力地)avoid

badpublicity

(3.不利報(bào)道)overenvironmentaldamage.

1-image-conscious

詞典釋義：image['?m.?d?]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■thewaythatsomethingorsomeoneisthoughtofbyother

people

(他人心中的)形象,印象;聲譽(yù)?Theaimistoimprovethe

public

image

of

thepolice.目的在于改善員警的公眾形象.?Thecompanyhasmadestrenuousattemptstoimproveits

image

inrecentyears.公司近年來作出了極大的努力來改善自身形象.?He'sterribly

image

-conscious

(=triesto

dressandbehaveinawaythatotherpeoplewilladmire).他非常在意自己的形象.

外刊例句：Anincreasingnumberof

image-conscious

propertieshavebegunconnectingthedotsbetween

unbylinedwrite-upsthatappearonsuchpopulartravelsitesasTripAdvisor

orYelp,andyourpersonalinformation,suchasyourloyaltyprogram

preferences.

()越來越多在意形象的酒店開始把諸如TripAdvisor和Yelp等著名旅游網(wǎng)站的匿名評(píng)論與顧客的個(gè)人信息(比如對(duì)于忠誠(chéng)計(jì)劃的喜好)聯(lián)系在一起.

2-gooutofone’swaytodo

詞典釋義：gooutof

one'sway

phrasal

：

totakespecialpains

：

actwithorasifwithadeliberate

purpose

<

went

outofhisway

tostimulateconsumptionwhileretainingstrictcurbson

investment

—

New

Statesman&Nation

>

<could

havedeceivedonlythosewho

wentoutoftheirway

tobedeceived

—

R.D.Altick>

外刊例句：Therearealsoacollectionofvirusesthat

gooutoftheirwayto

looklike

ransomwaresuchasCryptolocker,butwhichwon’thandbackthedataif

victimspay.()同樣有大量病毒軟件竭盡所能表現(xiàn)得像Cryptolocker那樣的勒索軟件,不過它們卻就算收到了受害者的錢也不會(huì)退回?cái)?shù)據(jù)資料.

替換表達(dá)：gotogreatlengthstodo/sparenoefforttodo/dotheirutmost

todo

3-badpublicity

詞典釋義：publicity

●●●○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

宣傳;報(bào)道

Publicity

isinformationoractionsthatareintendedtoattractthe

public'sattentiontosomeoneorsomething.?Muchadvance

publicity

wasgiventothetalks...對(duì)于這次會(huì)談?dòng)泻芏嗲捌趫?bào)道.?...government

publicity

campaigns...政府宣傳活動(dòng)?Itwasalla

publicity

stunt.這完全是個(gè)宣傳噱頭.2.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

(媒體或公眾的)關(guān)注

Whenthenewsmedia

andthepublicshowalotofinterestinsomething,youcansaythatitis

receiving

publicity.?Thecasehasgeneratedenormous

publicity

inBrazil.這個(gè)案件已經(jīng)在巴西引起了極大的關(guān)注.

?...therenewed

publicity

overtheCaseyaffair.對(duì)凱西事件的再次關(guān)注

外刊例句：Yetifyourstartingpointisobscurity,even

badpublicity

maybehelpful,argues

AlanSorensen,aneconomicsprofessoratStanfordUniversity'sGraduate

SchoolofBusiness.

()斯坦福橋商學(xué)院的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授阿蘭·索仁森認(rèn)為,你的起點(diǎn)若默默無聞,那么就算是不利報(bào)道也可能帶來好處.

替換表達(dá)：adverse/negative/unfavorablepublicity,negativepresscoverage

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Harmfulreports

點(diǎn)評(píng)：harmfulreports是指"有害的報(bào)道”,用在這里意思不準(zhǔn)確,可以改為badpublicity

Q：請(qǐng)問：badpublicity后面的over是publicity的常用搭配嗎?也就是說good/badpublicity

oversth.A：是的,publicityoversomething是一個(gè)常見搭配,例如柯林斯詞典例句：...therenewedpublicityovertheCaseyaffair.對(duì)凱西事件的再次關(guān)注

2.投資道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施會(huì)是改善交通流量的一個(gè)好方法,而發(fā)展化石燃料的替代品對(duì)提升空氣質(zhì)量有很大幫助.Investinginroadinfrastructurewouldbeagoodmethodof

improvingtrafficflow(1.改善交通流量),anddevelopmentof

alternatives

(2.……的替代品)tofossilfuelswould

goalongwaytowards

(3.對(duì)……很有幫助)improvingairquality.

1-improvetrafficflow

詞典釋義：improve[?m'pru：v]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■to(causesomethingto)getbetter

改進(jìn);改善?Hedidalotto

improve

conditionsforfactory

workers.他為改善工廠工人的工作條件做了許多工作.?Ithoughtthebestwayto

improve

myFrenchwasto

liveinFrance.我認(rèn)為提高我的法語水準(zhǔn)的最好辦法是到法國(guó)生活.?Herhealthhas

improved

dramaticallysinceshe

startedonthisnewdiet.自從開始這種新的飲食,她的健康狀況大為改善.

flowUK

[fl??]

US

[flo?]

noun

MOVEMENT

動(dòng)作

ADVANCED

countableusually

singular

■themovementof

somethinginonedirection

流動(dòng),向某方向的移動(dòng)?the

flow

of

ariver河水的流動(dòng)?the

flow

of

traffic車流?the

flow

ofblood血液的流動(dòng)

外刊例句：Wirelesscommunicationtechnologythatallowscarstotalk

toeachothercould

improvetraffic

flow,increasethenumberofcarsthatahighwaycanaccommodateand

reducefuelconsumption.

()能使司機(jī)間相互交流的信息交流技術(shù)可改善交通流量,讓更多司機(jī)在高速公路上互相禮讓,減少汽油消耗.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Improvethe

trafficflow點(diǎn)評(píng)：trafficflow是不可數(shù)名詞,且這里是泛指,前面不能加定冠詞the

2-alternativestosthalternativetoA是"代替A的另一方式”,而alternativeofA是"A這種替代方式(替代誰需要看上文)”.

詞典釋義：alternative

UK

[?l't?：.n?.t?v]

US

[ɑ：l't?：.n?.t??v]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisdifferentfromsomethingelse,

especiallyfromwhatisusual,andofferingthepossibilityofchoice

(尤指不同于平常事物的)可供選擇的事物;可供選擇的解決辦法?an

alternative

to

coffee咖啡代用品?Theremustbean

alternative

to

people

sleepingonthestreets.一定要想辦法解決街頭露宿者的問題.?I'mafraidIhave

noalternative

butto

ask

youtoleave(=thatiswhatIhavetodo).恐怕我別無選擇,只有讓你離開.

外刊例句：What,then,arethe

alternatives

to

austerity?Well,firstupwouldbeanintegrationthatwouldhelp

breakthediabolicalloopnowguttingtheperiphery.()那么,什么是經(jīng)濟(jì)緊縮計(jì)劃的替代品呢?好吧,首推經(jīng)濟(jì)整合方案,它有助于破解這個(gè)正損害邊緣人群利益的惡心循環(huán).

替換表達(dá)：substitute

3-goalongwaytowards

詞典釋義：goalongwaytowardsdoingsomething

phrase

if

somethinggoesalongwaytowardsdoingsomething,ithelpssomeoneto

achievesomething

Themoneyraisedwillgoalongwaytowardspayingfor

Freddie’smedicaltreatment.

例句：TheBurmesegovernment's

mainaimsremainedtheliftingofwesternsanctionsandconfirmationofits

chairmanshipoftheAssociationofSouth-EastAsianNations(Asean)in2014–

whichwould

goalongwaytowards

normalisingthecountry'sinternationalposition.

()緬甸政府的首要目標(biāo)仍是讓西方世界撤銷對(duì)其制裁,以及鞏固其于2014東盟的領(lǐng)袖地位.這些方案將有利于緬甸使其世界地位恢復(fù)正常.

替換表達(dá)：beofgreathelp/servesthwell

Q：看了詞典,例句里flow前都要加冠詞?A：trafficflow是不可數(shù)名詞,如果traffic

flow是泛指,則前面不需要加冠詞,例如：improvetrafficflow;如果trafficflow是特指,則前面要加冠詞,例如：improvethe

trafficflowofthiscity

Q：alternative是二者擇一的,那如果是三者或三者以上的替代品或者供選擇應(yīng)該用哪個(gè)詞呢?A：可以用substitute,此外,alternative并不一定是二者選一,可以參考下面的說明：

Sometraditionalistsholdthatalternativeshouldbeused

onlyinsituationswherethenumberofchoicesinvolvedisexactlytwo,

becauseoftheword'shistoricalrelationtoLatinalter,"theotheroftwo.”

H.W.Fowler,amongothers,hasconsideredthisrestrictionafetish.TheUsage

Panelisevenlydividedontheissue,with49percentacceptingthe

sentenceOfthethreealternatives,thefirstistheleastdistasteful.·

Alternativeisalsosometimesusedtorefertoavariantorsubstitutein

caseswherethereisnoelementofchoiceinvolved,asinWewilldoourbest

tosecurealternativeemploymentforemployeesdisplacedbytheclosingof

thefactory.Thissentenceisunacceptableto60percentoftheUsagePanel.

·Alternativeshouldnotbeconfusedwithalternate.CorrectusagerequiresThe

classwillmeetonalternate(notalternative)Tuesdays.

有些持傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為alternative只能嚴(yán)格地用在二者擇一的情況下,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞來源于拉丁語alter

,意思是"二者中的另外一個(gè)”.包括H.W.福勒的其他人認(rèn)為這種限制是一種迷信.用法專題小組中持這兩種意見的人各占一半,49％的人都接受這句話在三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,第一個(gè)是最不讓人討厭的.

Alternative

如果沒有供選擇的成分存在,其有時(shí)也指一個(gè)變體或替換的事物,如我們將盡全力保證因工廠倒閉而離開崗位的雇員以某種方式就業(yè).

語言用法專題小組中60％的人不接受這句話.Alternative不能和alternate混淆.正確的用法要求：全班每隔(不是alternative

)星期二見一次面.

3.燃料價(jià)格更低所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益巨大.更低的燃料價(jià)格產(chǎn)生的連鎖反應(yīng)幾乎可以讓所有東西更加便宜.因此,阻止新的石油和天然氣儲(chǔ)備的開發(fā)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的.The

economicbenefits

(1.經(jīng)濟(jì)效益)ofcheaperfuelareenormous.The

knock-oneffect

(2.連鎖反應(yīng))oflowerfuelpricesmakesalmosteverythingcheaper.Therefore,preventingnewexplorationofoilandgasreservesis

impractical(3.不現(xiàn)實(shí)的).

1-theeconomicbenefits

詞典釋義：economicUK

[i：.k?'n?m.?k/

UK

[ek.?-]

US

[-'nɑ：.m?k]

adjective

COUNTRY'S

ECONOMY

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)

ESSENTIAL

[before

noun]

■relatingtotrade,industryandmoney

經(jīng)濟(jì)的;經(jīng)濟(jì)上的?Thecountryhasbeeninaverypoor

economic

state

eversincethedeclineofitstwomajorindustries.自從這個(gè)國(guó)家的兩大主要產(chǎn)業(yè)衰退后,其經(jīng)濟(jì)一直萎靡不振.?Thegovernment's

economic

policies

haveled

usintotheworstrecessionforyears.政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策使我們?cè)庥隽硕嗄陙碜顬閲?yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退.

benefit['ben.?.f?t]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■ahelpfulorgoodeffect,orsomethingintendedtohelp

利益,好處;優(yōu)勢(shì)?Thediscoveryofoilbroughtmany

benefits

tothe

town.石油的發(fā)現(xiàn)給該鎮(zhèn)帶來很多利益.?Oneofthemany

benefits

of

foreigntravel

islearninghowtocopewiththeunexpected.學(xué)會(huì)如何應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件是海外旅游的眾多益處之一.?He'shad

thebenefit

of

anexpensive

educationandyethecontinuestoworkasawaiter.他接受過昂貴的教育,但卻繼續(xù)當(dāng)一名侍者.?Ididn't

get/derive(much)benefit

from

school.我從沒在學(xué)校里學(xué)到(多少)東西.?Withthe

benefit

ofhindsight

(=Helpedby

theknowledgesincelearned)itiseasyforustoseewherewewentwrong.透過事后反省,我們比較容易認(rèn)清自己所犯的錯(cuò)誤.?slightly

formal

Shedrinksalotlessnow,

tothebenefit

of

herhealthasawhole.她現(xiàn)在酒喝得很少了,身體健康狀況整體上也有所改善.

外刊例句：The

economic

benefits

ofoffshoringhavebeenimmense.Forworkersinlow-costcountries

ithasmeantjobsandrapidlyrisingstandardsofliving.Rich-worldworkers

havebeenabletoleavethedrudgeworktosomeoneelse.

()海外建廠能帶來巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益.這對(duì)于低收入國(guó)家的工人來說,意味著更多工作崗位和生活待遇提高,而對(duì)于富裕國(guó)家的工人來說,則是可以讓他們把苦力活讓給別人做.

替換表達(dá)：financialbenefits

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Benefitsof

finance點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,benefitsof

finance是指"金融的好處”,這里應(yīng)該改為financialbenefits(2)

economical

benefit點(diǎn)評(píng)：用詞不當(dāng),economical是指"經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)約的”,例如：What'sthemosteconomicalwayofheatingthisbuilding?給這棟大樓供應(yīng)暖氣,怎樣做才是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法?這里應(yīng)該改為economicbenefits(3)

economic/

financialprofits點(diǎn)評(píng)：economic/

financialprofits是指金錢形式的利潤(rùn),而economicbenefits是指"經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(范圍比利潤(rùn)要廣)”,這里用economicbenefits更加合適.

2-theknock-oneffectofsth

詞典釋義：knock-on

effectUK

['n?k.?n.??fekt]

US

['nɑ：k.ɑ：n-]

mainlyUK

noun

countableusuallysingular

■Whenaneventorsituationhasaknock-oneffect,it

causesothereventsorsituationsbutnotdirectly

連鎖反應(yīng)?Ifoneortwotrainsrunlate,it

has

aknock-on

effectontheentirerailservice.如果有一兩列火車延誤,會(huì)影響整個(gè)鐵路系統(tǒng).

外刊例句：Anissuementionedtime

andagainbyrespondentswas

the

knock-oneffectof

experiencedteachersleavingtheprofession,which

impoverishedtheentiresystem.

()回答者不停提到的問題就是,富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師離開崗位后將帶來連鎖反應(yīng),使整個(gè)教育系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量降低.

替換表達(dá)：therippleeffect/thedominoeffect/chainreaction

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

knockdown

effect點(diǎn)評(píng)：knockdown是"擊倒”的意思,這里應(yīng)該改為knock-oneffect(2)

continuous

effect點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒有continuouseffect的說法,要改為knock-oneffect(3)

serial

reaction點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里應(yīng)該改為固定說法chain

reaction

3-impractical

詞典釋義：impractical

[?m'pr?k.t?.k?l]

adjective

■Impracticalarrangements,ideasormethodscannotbedone

orusedeasilyoreffectively

(安排、想法或方法)不切實(shí)際的,不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

?It's

impractical

tohavesomanypeoplealltrying

tousethisequipmentatthesametime.要讓這么多人同時(shí)使用這個(gè)設(shè)備是不切實(shí)際的.

外刊例句：Theethicofresponsibilityholdsthatsuchstancesarenot

merely

impractical

butwrong,and

thatwhatwillnotworkcannotbemoral.

()根據(jù)責(zé)任感的道德準(zhǔn)則,這種觀點(diǎn)不切實(shí)際,完全錯(cuò)誤,而且任何無法成行的做法都難稱有道德.

替換表達(dá)：impracticable/unrealistic

Q：魏老師,像"連鎖反應(yīng)”的說法,真的不會(huì)說,這個(gè)時(shí)候該怎么辦呢?謝謝.A：這要靠平時(shí)的積累,平時(shí)可以多閱讀外刊文章還有查詞典,積累這些常見表達(dá).

Q：燃料價(jià)格更低所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益巨大處理為L(zhǎng)owerfuelpricesbringhuge

economicbenefits是否可以呢?A：可以的.

Q：knock-oneffect和ripple

effect有什么區(qū)別嗎?A：兩者是同義詞.

Q：economy在表示經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的意思外,還表示有節(jié)約的意思,是不是類同economical?而表示和經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的..時(shí)應(yīng)該使用economic??A：economy可以表示"節(jié)約”的意思,但一般與商品、旅行等搭配,例如economytravel/size/pack,economical含義是"經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)約的”,例如：Asmallcarismoreeconomicaltorun.開小型汽車比較經(jīng)濟(jì).Economic是指"經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”,例如：Economicgrowthis

slow.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)緩慢.

4.毫無疑問,提高汽油的價(jià)格能減少路上車輛的數(shù)目.總會(huì)有人在相對(duì)不重要的出行前再三考慮,甚至有人會(huì)首先重新思考要不要買車的問題.Thereislittledoubtthatincreasingpetrolpriceswoulddecreasethenumberofroadusers.Therewouldalwaysbesomewhowould

thinktwiceabout

(1.再三考慮)makinga

relatively(2.相對(duì))unimportantjourney,oreventhosethatwouldreconsiderbuyingacar

inthefirstplace(3.首先).

1-thinktwiceaboutsth

詞典釋義：thinktwice/again

phrase

1.

tocarefullyconsider

whetherwhatyouareplanningtodoisagoodidea

I’dthinktwice

beforebuyingthatcarifIwereyou.

Avisiblealarmmakesburglarsthinktwice.

外刊例句：Beforeyouthinkwe’velostourminds,Ishouldsaythat

we’reonlyaskingauthorsandillustratorsto

thinktwiceabout

goingtoaparticularfestival–theEmirates

AirlineFestivalofLiteraturethatisheldeveryyearinDubai.

()在你認(rèn)為我們瘋了之前,我想說,我們只是想作者和插畫家再三考慮是否要參加這特別的節(jié)日——每年在迪拜舉行的Emirates航空文學(xué)節(jié).

替換表達(dá)：thinkagainabout

2-relatively

詞典釋義：relatively

●●●○○1.ADV

副詞

相對(duì)而言;比較起來;某種程度上

Relatively

meansto

acertaindegree,especiallywhencomparedwithotherthingsofthesame

kind.

【搭配模式】：ADVadj/adv?Thesumsneededare

relatively

small...需要的金額相對(duì)較小.?IliketothinkI'm

relatively

easytogetalongwith.我愿意認(rèn)為自己相對(duì)比較容易相處.

例句：Inthestormyandever-changingworldofglobalfinance,

insurancehasremaineda

relatively

placidbackwater.

()保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)在這變幻莫測(cè)的世界金融世界里,可謂是相對(duì)平靜的與世隔絕之地.

替換表達(dá)：comparatively

3-inthefirstplace

詞典釋義：inthefirst/second

place

■usedtoseparate

andemphasizereasonsoropinions

第一／第二,首先／其次

?Idon'twanttogoyet-inthefirst

pla