經(jīng)濟學原理(雙語)-教學大綱

《經(jīng)濟學原理》（雙語）教學大綱PrinciplesofEconomics（ClassSyllabus）課程編號：032023A課程類型：口通識教育必修課口通識教育選修課□專業(yè)必修課□專業(yè)選修課“學科基礎(chǔ)課總學時：48講課學時：48實驗（上機）學時：0學分：3適用對象：經(jīng)濟類本科生先修課程：高等數(shù)學一、課程的教學目標《經(jīng)濟學原理》包括《微觀經(jīng)濟學》和《宏觀經(jīng)濟學》兩部分。經(jīng)濟學是研究稀缺資源在各種可供選擇的用途中，如何進行最有效的配置，以使得人類的無限欲望得到最大滿足的一門理論經(jīng)濟學。經(jīng)濟學作為理論經(jīng)濟學，是許多經(jīng)濟學科如管理經(jīng)濟學、公共財政學、市場學、國際經(jīng)濟學、貨幣銀行學、財政學、國際貿(mào)易學、國際金融學等的理論基礎(chǔ)。微觀經(jīng)濟學是以個體經(jīng)濟單位例如單個家庭、單個企業(yè)、單個市場為研究對象的一門理論經(jīng)濟學。它試圖通過對個體經(jīng)濟單位經(jīng)濟行為的研究，來說明現(xiàn)代社會中市場機制的運行和作用以及如何改善這種運行的途徑。宏觀經(jīng)濟學是以社會總體的經(jīng)濟行為即宏觀經(jīng)濟運行作為研究對象的一門理論經(jīng)濟學。它試圖通過對社會總體經(jīng)濟行為的研究，來說明市場經(jīng)濟條件下宏觀經(jīng)濟的運行以及如何改善這種運行的途徑。目標1：系統(tǒng)理解和掌握經(jīng)濟學基本理論和基礎(chǔ)知識目標2：熟悉經(jīng)濟學中基本概念和基本原理的英文表述目標3：能夠運用所學原理分析實際經(jīng)濟問題和現(xiàn)象目標4：為進一步學習其他經(jīng)濟類課程打下堅實的理論基礎(chǔ)。二、教學基本要求教學內(nèi)容：第二章的消費理論、第三章的生產(chǎn)理論、第五章的市場理論、第六章的生產(chǎn)要素市場和收入分配理論、第七章一般均衡、第九章國民收入核算、第十一章產(chǎn)品市場和貨幣市場的一般均衡、第十三章財政政策和貨幣政策、第十五章通貨膨脹與失業(yè)應精講、細講。對各章重點內(nèi)容，教師應闡述清楚基本原理，并在此基礎(chǔ)上以一些淺顯易懂的案例增進學生的理解，啟發(fā)學生的求知欲與好奇心。教學方法：為實現(xiàn)教學目標，本課程主要采取教師講授的方式授課，任課教師應以多媒體教學為基本授課方式，教師也可以所采取的其他教學手段如課堂討論、案例教學等。課程要求：任課教師應要求學生在課前預習，課后應布置一些較深入的問題供學生探討，學生須做課后習題。課程的考核方式：本課程采用閉卷考試的形式，平時成績占30％，期末考試成績占70％。教學過程中應注意理論與現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合。三、各教學環(huán)節(jié)學時分配Table：DistributionofTeachingHoursNo.ContentsLecturesExperimentsOthersTotal1Chapter1BasicElementsofSupplyandDemand222Chapter2ConsumerBehavior22

3Chapter3ProductionTheory224Chapter4AnalysisofCosts225Chapter5MarketsTheory226Chapter6ProductiveFactorMarkets andIncomeDistribution227Chapter 7 GeneralEquilibriumandEconomicEfficiency228Chapter8MarketFailureandtheRoleofGovernment229Chapter9MeasuringEconomicActivity2210Chapter10DeterminationofNationalIncome2211Chapter11IS-LMAnalysis2212Chapter12Open-EconomyMacroeconomics2213Chapter13MonetaryandFiscalPolicies2214Chapter14AD-ASModel2215Chapter15InflationandUnemployment2216Chapter 16 EconomicGrowth andBusinessFluctuations22Total3232四、教學內(nèi)容Chapter1BasicElementsofSupplyandDemandA.TheDemandScheduleTheDemandCurveFactorsAffectingDemandDemandFunctionShiftsinDemandTheMarketDemandCurveTheSupplyScheduleTheSupplyCurveFactorsAffectingSupplySupplyFunctionShiftsinSupplyEquilibriumofSupplyandDemandEquilibriumofSupplyandDemandCurveTheInvisibleHandSomeExamplesElasticityofDemandandSupplyThePriceElasticityofDemandCalculatingElasticitiesElasticityandRevenueTheParadoxoftheBumperHarvestPriceElasticityofSupplyApplicationstoCurrentEconomicIssuesTheEconomicsofAgricultureLong-RunRelativeDeclineofFarmingImpactofaTaxonPriceandQuantityMinimumFloorsandMaximumCeilings教學重點、難點：TheDemandCurve;FactorsAffectingDemand;ShiftsinDemand;TheSupplyCurve;FactorsAffectingSupply;ShiftsinSupply;EquilibriumofSupplyandDemandCurve;ThePriceElasticityofDemand;PriceElasticityofSupply課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，使學生理解微觀經(jīng)濟運行中需求與需求量、供給和供給量的區(qū)別、影響需求和供給的因素、均衡價格和供求定律、市場的作用、需求的價格、收入、交叉彈性和供給彈性的概念。復習思考題：1．Whatarethefactorsthataffecttheequilibriumpricechanges?PetertookavacationtriptoHainanProvincelastweek.Hethoughthisairtravelwasfreebecausetheairlineticketwasboughtusinghisfrequent-flyermiles.DidPeterenjoyafreeflight?What’stheconsequenceofhisbeliefontraveldecisions?Explain.Pleasefindtheequilibriuminthefollowingmarketandshowyourresultgraphically.DemandQd=5-2PandsupplyQs=3P.DemandQd=2-PandsupplyQs=1.InversedemandP=2andsupplyQs=4P.DemandQd=16=PandsupplyQs=2P2.BelowisademandscheduleforgoodsAandB.Pleasederivetheaggregatedemand.Showyourresultsgraphically.PriceAB0961652434215005．Whatarethefactorsthataffectthepriceelasticityofdemandchanges?Whatarethefactorsthataffectthepriceelasticityofsupplychanges?Forthefollowingfunctions,findthepointelasticitiesatthepointsQ=5andQ=15respectively.Isdemandelastic,inelastic,orunitaryelasticatthesepoints?Q=100-3PQ=100-8PQ=100-PPointElasticities:supposethatthedemandfunctionforiPhone6isdescribedbyQ=4-2P+2Y+3PaInthisformQisquantity,PisiPhoneprice,YisincomeandPaisAndroidphoneprice.AssumethatP=5;Y=100;Pa=4.Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions.Trivial:WhatisthequantitydemandedforiPhone6?Pleasederivetheprice,incomeandcross-priceelasticities.Pleasederivethreeelasticitiesundernewparameters:P=4;Y=200;Pa=5Chapter2ConsumerBehaviorChoiceandUtilityTheoryCardinalUtility(基數(shù)效用)OrdinalUtility(序數(shù)效用)MarginalUtilityandtheLawofDiminishingMarginalUtilityWhydemandcurvesslopedownward?SubstitutionEffectVS.IncomeeffectFromIndividualtoMarketDemandDemandShiftsSubstitutesandComplementsEmpiricalEstimatesofPriceandIncomeElasticitiesTheEconomicsofAddictionTheParadoxofValueConsumerSurplusAnalysisofConsumerEquilibriumTheIndifferenceCurveBudgetLineorBudgetConstraintTheEquilibriumPositionofTangencyChangesinincomeandPriceDerivingtheDemandCurve教學重點、難點：Utility;MarginalUtility;TheIndifferenceCurve;budgetline;GeometricalAnalysisofConsumerEquilibrium;Theeffectofchangesinincomeandprice;課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應掌握消費者行為理論的基本內(nèi)容，用理論分析消費者均衡即消費者效用最大化的基本條件、價格變化與收入變化對消費者均衡的影響、能夠用消費者均衡理論推導需求曲線和恩格爾曲線；熟練掌握價格變動的替代效應與收入效應。復習思考題：1．Howtoderiveademandcurveusingordinalutilitytheory?Pizza-beertrade-offAsliceofpizzacosts$2andabottleofbeercosts$1.Peterhasabudgetof$20.Pleasewritedownhisbudgetlineandshowyourresultgraphically.Whatistheslopeofthebudgetline?Peter’sutilityfunctionisdescribedbyu(x1;x2)=0.4lnx1+0.6lnx2;wherex1istheamountofpizzaandx2istheamountofbeer.Pleasederivehismarginalutilityforpizzaandbeerrespectively.Whatisthemarginalrateofsubstitution?Showgraphicallytherelationshipbetweenmarginalutility(y-axis)andquantityofthegood(x-axis).Usingtheinformationintheabovetwoquestions,canyouderivetheoptimalchoiceforPeter?Hint:theoptimaldemandbundleiswherethemarginalrateofsubstitutionequalsthepriceratio.ProductionTheoryTheoryofProductionandMarginalProductsBasicConceptsTheProductionFunctionTotal,Average,andMarginalProductTheLawofDiminishingReturnsReturnstoscaleShortRunandLongRunTechnologicalChangeProductivityandtheAggregateProductionFunctionBusinessOrganizationsTheNatureoftheFirmBig,SmallandInfinitesimalBusiness教學重點、難點：Theproductionfunction;productivefactors;TheLawofdiminishingreturns;total,average,andmarginalproduct;productionwithtwovariableinputs；equal-productcurve;CRS,IRS,DRS課程的考核要求：通過本章的教學，旨在使學生熟練掌握一種可變生產(chǎn)要素的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)、兩種可變生產(chǎn)要素的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)，即廠商作為經(jīng)濟人為實現(xiàn)利潤最大化，應如何選擇生產(chǎn)的合理投入?yún)^(qū)和最優(yōu)的生產(chǎn)要素投入組合，掌握規(guī)模收益和生產(chǎn)擴張的途徑。復習思考題：1．Inthecaseofonlyonevariablefactorofproduction,howtodetermineoptimalutilizationofthefactorsofproduction,whenachieveareasonableinvestmentintheproductionarea?Explainthereasonsforincreasingreturnstoscaleanddecreasingreturnstoscale.Pleasederivemarginalproductoflabor,marginalproductofcapital,marginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution,andreturnstoscaleforthefollowingproductionfunctions:Q=2L+8KQ=3L+5K+1Q=5LKQ=2L0.3K0.7Q=7L0.2K0.5Q=4L0.4K0.8AnalysisofCostsEconomicAnalysisofCostsTotalCost:FixedCost(FC)andVariableCost(VC)MarginalCost(MC)AverageCostTheLinkbetweenProductionandCostsChoiceofInputsbytheFirmEconomicCostsandBusinessAccountingTheIncomeStatement(收益表)，orStatementofProfitandLoss(損益表)TheBalanceSheetOpportunityCostProduction,CostTheory,andDecisionsoftheFirmTheLawofDiminishingMarginalProductLeast-CostFactorCombinationforaGivenOutput教學重點、難點：OpportunityCost;TheLinkbetweenProductionandCosts;totalrevenue,averagerevenueandmarginalrevenue;Equal-costline;Least-Costconditions課程的考核要求：通過本章的教學，旨在使學生熟練掌握廠商的生產(chǎn)成本與產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系，短期成本曲線、長期成本曲線，三種收益的關(guān)系、收益曲線，利潤最大化均衡的條件，企業(yè)的行為。復習思考題：1．Afirm’sshort-runcostfunctionisgivenbyTC=20+5Q+2Q2,pleasederivethefirm’sshort-runmarginalcost,averagetotalcost,averagefixedcost,averagevariablecost.Showyourresultsgraphically.Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperienceincreasingreturnstoscale?Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperienceconstantreturnstoscale?Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperiencedecreasingreturnstoscale?Whatisthefirm’sminimumefficientscale?MarketsTheorySupplyBehavioroftheCompetitiveFirmFactorsdeterminethemarkettypeKeyPointsforPerfectlyCompetitionSupplyDecisionofCompetitiveFirmShutdownPointSupplyBehaviorinCompetitiveIndustriesSummingAllFirms’SupplyCurvestoGetMarketSupplyShort-runandLong-runEquilibriumTheLong-runEquilibriuminAcompetitiveIndustryEfficiencyandEquityofCompetitiveMarketsEvaluatingtheMarketMechanismEfficiencyofCompetitiveEquilibriumEquilibriumwithManyConsumersandMarketsTheCentralRoleofMarginal-CostPricingPatternsofImperfectcompetitionDefinitionofImperfectcompetitionVarietiesofImperfectCompetitorsSourcesofImperfectCompetitorsMarginalRevenueandMonopolyTheConceptofMarginalRevenueProfitMaximizingConditionsTheMarginalPrinciple:LetBygonesBeBygonesBehaviorofImperfectCompetitorsFourKindsofMarketStructuresTheoriesofImperfectCompetitionPriceDiscrimination教學重點、難點：BehaviorofaCompetitiveFirm；CompetitiveSupplywhereMarginalCostequalsPrice;TotalCostandShutdownCondition;TheLong-runEquilibriuminAcompetitiveIndustry;EfficiencyandEquityofCompetitiveMarkets;DefinitionofImperfectcompetition；VarietiesofImperfectCompetitors;ProfitMaximizingConditions;MonopolyEquilibriumingraphs;Oligopoly;CournotModel;GameTheory課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，使學生熟練掌握廠商實現(xiàn)利潤最大化的條件，三種不同市場上的廠商的長期、短期均衡、完全競爭廠商的供給曲線的獲得，不同市場結(jié)構(gòu)的條件，不同市場的均衡以及不同的市場結(jié)構(gòu)對經(jīng)濟效率的影響，寡頭市場上的博弈。復習思考題：．Pleasedescribetheshort-termandlong-termequilibriumbalanceofperfectlycompetitivemarket..Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,thedemandfunctionisQd=3-PandthesupplyfunctionisQs=2P.Answerthefollowingquestions.Showyourresultsbothnumericallyandgraphically.Whatisthecompetitiveequilibrium?Whatistheconsumersurplus?Whatistheproducersurplus?Ifthegovernmentimposesataxof$0.5perunit,whatarethenewequilibriumquantityandprice?Whataretheconsumersurplusandproducersurpluswiththeabovetax?Whatisthedeadweightlosscausedbytheabovetax?3．Determinetheconsumersurplusandtheproducersurplusforthefollowingperfectlycompetitivemarket:Qd=17-2PandQs=4P-1Qd=15-5PandQs=5P-5Qd=10-4PandQs=2P-24．Pleasedrawagraphtoexplainmonopolist'sshort-runequilibriumandlong-runequilibrium.Inapuremonopolymarket,thedemandfunctionisQ=2-2Pandthemonopolist’scostfunctionisC=Q2.Answerthefollowingquestionsbothnumericallyandgraphically.Whatisthemarginalcostandmarginalrevenue?Whatisthesupplyfunction?Whatistheequilibriumquantityandpriceundermonopoly?Whatisthemaximumprofitforthemonopolist?Whataretheconsumersurplusandproducersurplus?Whatisthedeadweightloss?6．PleasebrieflydescribethemaincontentsandconclusionsoftheCournotmodel.Chapter6ProductiveFactorMarketsandIncomeDistributionIncomeandWealthInputPricingbyMarginalProductivityThenatureoffactordemandsDistributionTheoryandMarginalRevenueProductTheDemandforFactorsofProductionTheSupplyforFactorsofProductionAnInvisibleHandforIncome?FundamentalsofWageDeterminationTheGeneralWageLevelDemandforlaborTheSupplyoflaborWageDifferentialsLandandRentRentasReturntoFixedFactorsTaxingLandCapitalandInterestBasicconceptsPresentValueforAssetsProfitsTheTheoryofCapitalandInterestApplicationsofClassicalCapitalTheoryEmpiricalFindingsValedictoryThoughtsonFactorPrices,Efficiency,andDistribution3.3.ImproveEqualityWillHurtEfficiency教學重點、難點：InputPricingbyMarginalProductivity;FundamentalsofWageDetermination;LandandRent;CapitalandInterest;LorenzCurve;GiniCoefficient;Inequality課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應熟練掌握要素供給原則、買方和賣方壟斷不同情況下的廠商對要素的需求，勞動供給曲線的特征、均衡工資的決定、土地的供給曲線、經(jīng)濟租金的決定、資本的供給曲線，掌握洛倫茨曲線和基尼系數(shù)，了解庫茲涅茨的倒“U”字形假說復習思考題：1．Brieflyexplaintheprincipleshowtheperfectlycompetitivefirmsusetheproductivefactors.2．Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthelaborsupplycurve.Brieflydescribethedeterminantsofequilibriumwages.Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthelandsupplycurveandthedeterminantsofrent.Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthecapitalsupplycurveandthedeterminantsofequilibriuminterest.Chapter7GeneralEquilibriumandWelfareEconomicsTheEfficiencyofPerfectCompetitionPartialEquilibriumGeneralEquilibriumPositiveEconomicsvs.NormativeEconomicsJudgingEconomicEfficiencyParetoCriterionandParetoEfficiencyInequalityGinicoefficientTheSourcesofInequality教學重點、難點：partialequilibrium;generalequilibrium;Paretoefficiency;perfectcompetitionandParetoOptimal;TheEfficiencyofPerfectCompetition課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，旨在使學生熟練掌握局部均衡和一般均衡、經(jīng)濟效率、帕累托最優(yōu)的概念，帕累托最優(yōu)、帕累托最優(yōu)條件的交換、生產(chǎn)以及交換與生產(chǎn)，掌握完全競爭與帕累托最優(yōu)、經(jīng)濟效率與公平的關(guān)系。復習思考題：1．Whatisthedifferenceofpartialequilibriumandgeneralequilibrium?Whatistheconditionofgeneralequilibrium?Inaneconomy,whatarethenecessaryconditionstoachieveParetooptimalstate?MarketFailureandMicroeconomicPolicyDefinitionofMarketFailureCausesofMarketFailureMonopolyExternalityPublicGoodsandCommonResourcesAsymmetricInformationTheRoleofGovernment教學重點、難點：DefinitionofMarketFailure;CausesofMarketFailure;externalities;publicgoods;asymmetricinformationandmoralhazard;governmentfailure課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，旨在使學生熟練掌握市場失靈以及導致市場失靈的原因，熟練掌握壟斷、外部性、公共物品、信息不對稱對經(jīng)濟效率的影響。復習思考題：Explainthereasonsfortheexistenceofmarketfailure.Whatarethereasonsthatmarketfailurewillleadtoinefficientallocationofresources?MeasuringEconomicActivityGrossDomesticProductTwoMeasuresofNationalIncomeTheProblemof“DoubleCounting”ValueAddedDetailsoftheNationalAccountsRealvs.NominalGDPGDP,NDPandGNPCompositionofGDPBeyondtheNationalAccounts教學重點、難點：GDP;TwoMeasuresofNationalIncome;RealGDP;NominalGDP;InflationRate;FullEmployment、課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，旨在使學生掌握宏觀經(jīng)濟學的研究對象、宏觀經(jīng)濟模型和宏觀經(jīng)濟學的研究方法。學生應熟練掌握國民收入核算的基本方法，國民收入的基本公式即投資儲蓄恒等式，掌握名義GDP與實際GDP的區(qū)別。復習思考題：Whyinvestequalssavingsisthemacroeconomicequilibriumcondition?Intheshortterm,explainwhyincreaseconsumption,investment,governmentspendingandexportscanincreasenationalincome?Andincreasesavings,incometaxesandimportwillreduceincome?Howtounderstandthecomplementaryrelationshipbetweenprivatesavings,investment,governmentbudgetandforeigntradebetween?HowtounderstandthedifferencebetweennominalGDPandrealGDP?DeterminationofNationalIncomeConsumptionandSavingConsumption,IncomeandSavingTheMarginalPropensitytoConsumeTheMarginalPropensitytoSaveNationalConsumptionBehaviorInvestmentDeterminantsofInvestmentTheInvestmentDemandCurveTheBasicMultiplierModelOutputDeterminationwithSavingandInvestmentOutputDeterminedbyTotalExpendituresTheMultiplier教學重點、難點：Simpleincomedeterminationtheory;equilibriumoutput;Keynesianconsumptiontheory;thedeterminationofnationalincomeintwosectorseconomy;themultipliertheory;avarietyofmultipliers.課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應熟練掌握總需求、總產(chǎn)出、消費函數(shù)、乘數(shù)、兩部門經(jīng)濟中的均衡產(chǎn)出決定模型、乘數(shù)發(fā)揮作用的條件。復習思考題：Usingthechangesininventoriesmechanismtodescribewhyactualoutputalwaystendstoparallelequilibriumoutputinaneconomy?HowtounderstandthebasicprinciplesofnationalincomedeterminationandADintheshortterm?Howtouseinvestmentequalssavingsidentitytoexplainthedeterminationofnationalincome?Whatistheroleofthemultiplier?Whataretheconditionsforthemultipliereffectofeconomicexpansion?Chapter11IS-LMAnalysisTheISCurveandFiscalPolicyFiscalPolicy:TheTransmissionMechanismCrowdingOutEffectTheLMCurveandMonetaryPolicyLiquidityTrapTheClassicalCase教學重點、難點：Investmentfunction;ISCurve;theDemandforMoney;MoneyDemandFunction;LMCurve;MoneySupply;MoneySupplyFunction;IS-LMModel;effectiveDemand;MEC課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應熟練掌握產(chǎn)品市場上怎樣推導出IS曲線、貨幣需求、貨幣供給、貨幣市場下怎樣推導出的LM曲線、IS—LM模型、均衡國名收入和利率是如何變動的以及有效需求理論。復習思考題：Whatistheproductmarketequilibriumcondition?HowistheIScurvederived?Whatistheroleandconditionsofthemoneymultipliermechanism?Whatisthemoneymarketequilibriumcondition?HowistheLMcurvederived??HowdidKeynesexplainthereasonsforinsufficienteffectivedemand?Whatishispolicyconclusion?Open-EconomyMacroeconomicsNetExportFunctionOpenEconomyISCurveOpenEconomyMultiplierTheBPCurveNetCapitalOutflowFunctionEquationoftheBPCurveMundell-FlemingModelFiscalPolicyunderFlexibleExchangeRateSystemMonetaryPolicyunderFlexibleExchangeRateSystemFiscalPolicyunderFixedExchangeRateSystemMonetaryPolicyunderFixedExchangeRateSystemTheTrilemma教學重點、難點：ExchangeRate;NetExportFunction;BalanceofInternationalPayments;ExchangeRateSystem;J-curveEffect;IS-LM-BPModel課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應熟練掌握匯率及其標價、匯率的決定、凈出口函數(shù)、國際收支的平衡、匯率變動對國際收支的影響、IS-LM-BP模型、資本完全流動下的IS—LM—BP模型。復習思考題：Howtocalculatepurchasingpowerparity?WhyPPPcanonlydecidethelong-termmovementsintheexchangerate?Whatistheimpactofchangesintherealexchangerateonthebalanceofpayments?Howisthenetexportfunctionderived?Inanopeneconomy,whatisthedeterminationofequilibriumoutput?Whyopeneconomymultiplierissmallerthantheclosedeconomymultiplier?MonetaryandFiscalPoliciesFiscalPolicyintheMultiplierModelHowGovernmentFiscalPoliciesAffectOutputFiscalPolicyMultiplierMultipliersinActionCentralBankingandtheFederalReserveSystemTheFederalReserveSystemTheNutsandBoltsofMonetaryPolicyTheEffectsofMoneyonOutputandPricesTheMoneyMarketTheMonetaryTransmissionMechanismThePolicyMix教學重點、難點：ObjectivesofEconomicPolicies;ToolsofFiscalPolicy;ToolsofMonetaryPolicy;MonetaryPolicyMultiplier;FiscalPolicyMultiplier;SpilloverEffect課程的考核要求：通過本章的學習，學生應熟練掌握經(jīng)濟政策目標、財政的構(gòu)成與財政政策工具、財政與貨幣政策內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定器、貨幣政策及其基本工具、財政政策與貨幣政策的乘數(shù)、財政政策和貨幣政策的傳導過程以及溢出效應和回振效應。復習思考題：Whataretheobjectivesofeconomicpolicies?Whatarethetoolsofmonetaryandfiscalpolicies?Howtousethesetoolstointerveneintothemacroeconomicoperation?Whyistherethecrowding-outeffectwhenweuseexpansionaryfiscalpolicy?Howtounderstandtheinternationaltransmissionmechanismoffiscalandmonetarypolicies?AD-ASModelTheAggregateDemandscheduleFromIS-LMScheduletotheADscheduleTheformulaforADScheduleTheShiftsoftheADScheduleTheAggregateSupplyscheduleTheClassicalAggregateSupplyScheduleTheKeynesianAggregateSupplyScheduleFactorsAffectingASScheduleAD-ASModelandEconomicFluctuations教學重點、難點：ADCurve;ASCurve;DerivingtheAS