新教材2025版高中英語Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅡUsinglanguage學(xué)案外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1.blamev．指責(zé)，指責(zé)；把……歸咎于n．責(zé)任(教材原句)TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.平塔島龜?shù)臏缤鰬?yīng)歸咎于人類。?Don'tblameme—it'snotmyfault.別怪我——又不是我的錯(cuò)。?Theotherdriverblamedmefortheaccident.＝Theotherdriverblamedtheaccidentonme.另一個(gè)司機(jī)把事故歸咎于我。?Johnistoblamefortheaccident.約翰應(yīng)對(duì)這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。?Thecompanywasreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.公司準(zhǔn)備對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任。[歸納探究]blamesb./sth.forsth.＝blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某物blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)怪某人take/accepttheblame(forsth.)擔(dān)當(dāng)(某事的)責(zé)任put/lay/placetheblameonsb.把責(zé)任歸咎于某人theblamelieswithsb.責(zé)任在于某人[巧學(xué)助記]Hewasblamedfortheseriousmistake,butheblameditonothers.Infact,itishe,notothers,thatistoblameforit．他因這個(gè)嚴(yán)峻錯(cuò)誤受到了責(zé)怪，但他把它歸咎于別人。事實(shí)上，是他，而不是別人，對(duì)此負(fù)有責(zé)任。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself-controlandself-disciplineare________(blame)．②________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.③Oneofthecomputersisbrokenandshe'sblamingit________me.④Noonewaspreparedtotaketheblame________thedisaster.2.declinev．削減，降低；拒絕；謝絕n．削減，下降，衰落(教材原句)Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulationdeclined.特殊是山羊被帶到島上之后，平塔島龜?shù)臄?shù)量下降了。?Accordingtothestatistics,thesalesofhousesdeclinedby20%.據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，房屋銷售量下降了20%。?Thissectionofthemarkethasslowlydeclinedinimportance.這部分市場(chǎng)的重要性已漸漸下降。?Hedeclinedtotakeonthetaskassignedtohim.他拒絕接受安排給他的任務(wù)。?Therewasadeclineintrafficaccidentsinthecitylastyear.去年這個(gè)城市的交通事故有所削減。?Thenumberofpeacocksinthisregionisonthedecline.這個(gè)地區(qū)的孔雀數(shù)量在削減。[歸納探究]declineby...削減了……(比較：declineto...削減到……)declinein...在……方面降低declinetodosth.拒絕做某事adeclinein...在……方面的下降indecline/onthedecline在下降fall/gointodecline起先衰落[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Therehasbeenadecline________thesizeoffamilies.②Carsaleshavedeclined________aquarter.③There'sawidely-heldbeliefthateducationalstandardsare________thedecline.④Afterthewar,thecitydeclined________importance.⑤Whydoyoualwaysdecline________(tell)mewhereyoulive?⑥Iinvitedhimtothemeetingbuthe________(decline)．⑦M(jìn)ary________________(謝絕了我的邀請(qǐng))todinner.⑧Heisstilloneoftheworld'smostpopulargolfers,buthisgameis________________(在走下坡路)．3.beharmfulto對(duì)……有害(教材原句)Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.細(xì)菌總是對(duì)人類有害。?Suchchemicalabsorbedbyplantscanbeharmfultohumansandanimals.這種被植物汲取的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能對(duì)人和動(dòng)物有害。?Ifyoudon'twarmupproperly,exercisemaydomoreharmthangood.你假如不做適當(dāng)?shù)臒嵘磉\(yùn)動(dòng)，熬煉有可能弊大于利。?Hemaysaynot,butthere'snoharminasking.他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。?Hemeantnoharmwhenhesaidthat.他那樣說并沒有惡意。[歸納探究]doharmtosb./sth.＝dosb./sth.harm對(duì)某人/某物有害causesb./sth.harm對(duì)某人/某物造成損害sufferharm受到損害domoreharmthangood弊大于利thereisnoharmindoingsth.不妨做某事，做某事沒有壞處meannoharm/notmeananyharm無意損害，沒有惡意[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Trytoreducetheuseofchemicalsthatare________(harm)totheenvironment.②Modernfarmingmethodshavedoneconsiderableharm________thecountryside.③Itisaparent'sresponsibilitytoensurethattheirchildren____________(不受任何損害)．④Itwouldn't______________(對(duì)你有任何損害)togetsomeexperiencefirst.4.(教材原句)However,diversityonourplanetissuch,thattherearestillmillionsofspeciesonEarthremainingtobediscovered.然而，我們星球上的多樣性是如此之大，地球上還有數(shù)百萬物種有待發(fā)覺。[句式解構(gòu)]如此……以至于……這是一個(gè)常見的句型。besuchthat和such...that都意為“如此……以至于……”，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中的that從句都是結(jié)果狀語從句。本句中such＝somuch。?Herexcitementwassuchthatshecouldhardlycontainherself.她激烈得幾乎限制不住自己。?Heissuchahelpfulpersonthatweareallappreciativeofhim.他是如此樂于助人，我們都很感謝他。[巧學(xué)助記]當(dāng)such位于句首時(shí)，該句型的意義并未發(fā)生改變。Suchwashisstrengththathecouldliftthebigstone.他的力氣大得能把這塊大石頭舉起來。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Theperformancewas________thattheaudienceweredeeplymoved.②It's________aninterestingfolktalethateverybodylikesit.③________________________(他反應(yīng)如此靈敏)thatnoonecanmatchhim.④________________________(災(zāi)難如此嚴(yán)峻)thelocalauthoritieswerequiteunabletocopewithit.熟登記列重要學(xué)問點(diǎn)①ofalltime有史以來②answerthecall響應(yīng)號(hào)召③beregardedas被認(rèn)為是④besimilarto與……相像⑤behometo是……的家園/棲息地/產(chǎn)地⑥benativeto源于……的，原產(chǎn)于……⑦consistof＝bemadeupof由……組成⑧carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)行⑨sofar到目前為止⑩bycontrast相比之下過去完成時(shí)一、語法現(xiàn)象感知①TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.②Shehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.③Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.④Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlostthegame.⑤IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldbebetternow.二、語法規(guī)則理解1．由句①可知，過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)詳細(xì)時(shí)間________已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或狀況。2．由句②可知，過去完成時(shí)常與________，scarcely,barely,nosooner...than等副詞連用。3．由句③可知，intend,mean,hope,want,plan,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)________。4．由句④可知，在句型________________________中，常用過去完成時(shí)。5．由句⑤可知，過去完成時(shí)還可用在與________相反的虛擬從句中。微點(diǎn)撥過去完成時(shí)的基本用法表示“過去的過去”，所以句中必需有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從上下文中能找出一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間，以它為參照，發(fā)生在它之前的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)；假如句中或上下文中找不出這樣的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，就不要用過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)一、構(gòu)成：had＋過去分詞二、功能1．表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”?？梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可以通過上下文來表示。Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。2．表示從過去的某一時(shí)刻起先，始終持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。?Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)公共汽車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。?Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。3．過去完成時(shí)經(jīng)常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。?Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟識(shí)她。?IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。4．狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如：when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句。?WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。?Shedidn'tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。微點(diǎn)撥假如兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則經(jīng)常不用過去完成時(shí)，特殊是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)閺木涞膭?dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后依次已經(jīng)特別明確，可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英國之后，努力提高他的英語水平。5．動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、準(zhǔn)備或意圖等。?Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們?cè)瓉頊?zhǔn)備去幫忙，但沒有剛好趕到那里。?Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們?cè)瓉硐Ｍ軄砜纯茨恪?．過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,Itwasthefirst(second,etc.)time(that)．..等固定句型中。?Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。?Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。7．表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣if從句中，常用過去完成時(shí)。Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.假如我們沒有做充分準(zhǔn)備的話，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開得這么勝利的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe________(decline),sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.2．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3．Somesocialappcompanieswere________(blame)becausetheydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration.4．It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame________gettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.5．Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehome________manyplantsandanimals.6．Astheeconomywas________decline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Ⅱ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．SheaskedmewhetherI________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.2．Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey________(expect)．3．JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafe.4．—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We________(treat)wellbyourhosts.5．IwishI________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.6．Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe________(repair)wentwrongagain.7．BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay__