3.1.1閉式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)認(rèn)知CognitionofClosed-type

3.1.1閉式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)認(rèn)知CognitionofClosed-typeAutomaticSprinklerSystem自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)概述OverviewofAutomaticSprinklerSystem定義Definition火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，能自動(dòng)打開噴頭噴水滅火并同時(shí)發(fā)出火警信號(hào)的消防滅火設(shè)施。Itreferstoafireextinguishingfacilitythatcanautomaticallyopenthenozzlestospraywaterandsendoutfirealarmsignalsmeanwhilewhenafireoccurs.自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)概述OverviewofAutomaticSprinklerSystem據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)撲滅初期火災(zāi)的效率在97%以上Accordingtostatistics,theefficiencyoftheautomaticsprinklersysteminextinguishingincipientfireisabove97%設(shè)置場(chǎng)所：人員密集不易疏散，外部增援滅火與救生較困難或火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性較大的場(chǎng)所Settingplace:denselypopulatedplaceswhereconductingexternalhelptoputoutfiresandsavinglivesismoredifficult,orplaceswithahighriskoffire安全可靠Safeandreliable經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用Economicalandpractical滅火效率高Highfireextinguishingefficiency特點(diǎn)Features自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)的分類Classificationofautomaticsprinklersystems按噴頭的開啟形式Accordingtotheopeningformofnozzles閉式系統(tǒng)Closedsystem濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Wetautomaticsprinklersystems干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Automaticdrypipesprinklersystem干濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Automaticdry-wetsprinklersystem預(yù)作用自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem重復(fù)啟閉預(yù)作用滅火系統(tǒng)Recyclingpre-actionfireextinguishingsystem開式系統(tǒng)Opensystem雨淋系統(tǒng)Delugesprinklersystem水幕系統(tǒng)Drenchersprinklersystem水噴霧Waterspray一、濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem1.工作原理Workingprinciple火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，火點(diǎn)溫度達(dá)到開啟閉式噴頭，閉式噴頭破裂，水由噴頭噴出，管道中的水流使?jié)袷綀?bào)警閥開啟，濕式報(bào)警閥發(fā)出聲音報(bào)警信號(hào)，同時(shí)輸出電報(bào)警信號(hào)，啟動(dòng)消防水泵，消防水泵給系統(tǒng)提供壓力，進(jìn)行滅火。Whenafireoccurs,thetemperatureofthefirespot,reachingacertainvalue,enablestheclosednozzletoopen.Thenozzlebreaksandwaterissprinkledfromit.Thewaterflowinthepipesopensthewetalarmvalve,whichsendsoutanaudiblealarmsignalandanelectricalarmsignaltostartthefirepumpatthesametime.Thefirepumpprovidespressuretothesystemtoputoutthefire.水箱Watertank濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)演示示意圖Schematicdiagramofanautomaticwetsprinklersystem主泵Primarypump備用泵Standbypump信號(hào)閘閥Signalgatevalve壓力表Pressuremeter延遲器Delayer水力警鈴Watermotoralarm壓力開關(guān)Pressureswitch水流指示器Waterflowindicator信號(hào)閘閥Signalgatevalve末端試水裝置Endwatertestdevice水泵電控柜Waterpumpelectricalcontrolcabinet濕式報(bào)警閥Wetalarmvalve消防水池Firepool消防控制室聯(lián)動(dòng)控制柜Linkagecontrolcabinetinfirecontrolcenter一、濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem室內(nèi)發(fā)生火情Indoorfire噴頭動(dòng)作噴水Nozzlesoperatetospraywater水流指示器動(dòng)作Waterflowindicatoroperates濕式報(bào)警閥動(dòng)作Wetalarmvalveoperates壓力開關(guān)報(bào)警Pressureswitchalarms值班室(服務(wù)臺(tái))Dutyroom(servicecounter)末端試驗(yàn)裝置Endtestdevice水力警鈴報(bào)警Watermotoralarmoperates消防控制室Firecontrolcenter啟動(dòng)水泵Startthepump報(bào)告與傳遞指令Reportandtransmitinstructions濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)原理流程圖PrincipleFlowchartofAutomaticWetSprinklerSystem一、濕式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem2.特點(diǎn)Features優(yōu)點(diǎn)：滅火及時(shí)撲救效率高。Advantages:timelyfireextinguishingandhighefficiency.缺點(diǎn)：由于管網(wǎng)中充有有壓水，當(dāng)滲漏時(shí)會(huì)損毀建筑裝飾和影響建筑的使用。Disadvantages:

asthepipenetworkisfilledwithpressurizedwater,ifthereisaleakage,buildingdecorationwillbedamagedandtheuseofbuildingswillbeaffected.適用場(chǎng)所：該系統(tǒng)只適用于環(huán)境溫度4℃≤t≤70℃的建筑物。Applicationplace:thesystemisonlyapplicabletobuildingswithanambienttemperatureof4°C≤t≤70°C.二、干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem噴頭常閉的滅火系統(tǒng)，管網(wǎng)中平時(shí)不充水，充有有壓空氣（或氮?dú)猓?。?dāng)建筑物發(fā)生火災(zāi)火點(diǎn)溫度達(dá)到開啟閉式噴頭時(shí)，噴頭開啟排氣、充水滅火。Itisafire-extinguishingsystemwiththenozzleclosedusually.Usually,thepipenetworkisnotfilledwithwaterbutpressurizedair(ornitrogen).Incaseofafireoccurringinbuildings,whenthetemperatureofthefirespotreachesaspecifiedvaluethatmakestheclosednozzleopen,thenozzlewillstartventingandfillingwatertoputoutthefire.1.原理Principle水箱Watertank干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)演示示意圖Schematicdiagramofanautomaticdrypipesprinklersystem主泵Primarypump備用泵Standbypump信號(hào)閘閥Signalgatevalve水力警鈴Watermotoralarm壓力開關(guān)Pressureswitch水流指示器Waterflowindicator末端試水裝置Endwatertestdevice電控柜Electricalcontrolcabinet干式報(bào)警閥Dryalarmvalve消防水池Firepool消防控制室聯(lián)動(dòng)控制柜Linkagecontrolcabinetinfirecontrolcenter自動(dòng)排氣閥Automaticexhaustvalve二、干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem室內(nèi)發(fā)生火情Indoorfire噴頭或排氣閥開啟放氣Openthenozzleorexhaustvalveforventing干式報(bào)警閥開啟Dryalarmvalveopen壓力開關(guān)動(dòng)作Pressureswitchoperates干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)原理流程圖PrincipleFlowchartofAutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem水力警鈴報(bào)警Watermotoralarmoperates水流指示W(wǎng)aterflow器動(dòng)作indicatoroperates水流進(jìn)入噴水管網(wǎng)Waterflowsintothespraypipenetwork噴頭噴水滅火Nozzlesoperatetospraywaterandputoutfires消防中心控制室Controlroomoffirecontrolcenter高位水箱Highleveltank氣壓罐供水Airpressuretankwatersupply水泵開啟Waterpumpon二、干式自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem2.特點(diǎn)Features適用場(chǎng)所：環(huán)境溫度低于4℃或高于70℃的場(chǎng)所。Applicationplace:placeswheretheambienttemperatureislowerthan4°Corhigherthan70°C.對(duì)建筑物裝飾無(wú)影響，對(duì)環(huán)境溫度也無(wú)要求；Thereisnoinfluenceonbuildingdecorationandnorequirementfortheambienttemperature;適用于采暖期長(zhǎng)而建筑內(nèi)無(wú)采暖的場(chǎng)所。Itissuitableforplaceswithlongheatingperiodsbutwithoutheatingwithinthebuilding.優(yōu)點(diǎn)Advantages管理比較復(fù)雜，投資較大；滅火效率低；Complicatedmanagement;largeinvestment;lowfireextinguishingefficiency;管網(wǎng)、噴頭安裝要求嚴(yán)格Strictinstallationrequirementsforpipenetworkandnozzles缺點(diǎn)Disadvantages三、預(yù)作用自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem預(yù)作用自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)原理Principlesofpre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem平時(shí)管道不充水，準(zhǔn)工作狀態(tài)時(shí)，管網(wǎng)中通常充有壓縮空氣。Usually,thepipesoftheautomaticpre-actionsprinklersystemarenotfilledwithwater.Thepipenetworkisusuallyfilledwithcompressedairwhenthesystemisreadytowork.三、

預(yù)作用自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem預(yù)作用自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)原理Principlesofpre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem1當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，由感煙、感溫火災(zāi)探測(cè)器報(bào)警后，通過(guò)報(bào)警聯(lián)動(dòng)控制器自動(dòng)聯(lián)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)電磁閥門排氣、充水，由干式變?yōu)闈袷较到y(tǒng)。Incaseofafire,afterthesmokeandheatfiredetectorsgiveanalarm,thesystemwillbeautomaticallylinkedbythealarmlinkagecontrollertocontroltheventingandwaterfillingofthesolenoidvalve,andthesystemwillchangefromdrytypetowettype.2當(dāng)閉式噴頭的熱敏元件受熱達(dá)到或超過(guò)額定動(dòng)作溫度時(shí)，熱敏元件動(dòng)作（熔化、破碎），閉式噴頭開啟，噴水滅火。Whenthethermosensitiveelementoftheclosednozzleisheatedtoorabovetheratedoperatingtemperature,thethermosensitiveelementwillact(meltandbreak)andtheclosednozzlewillbeopenedtosprinklewaterforextinguishingthefire.預(yù)作用噴水滅火系統(tǒng)工作原理示意圖SchematicDiagramofWorkingPrincipleofPre-actionSprinklerSystem水箱Watertank主泵Primarypump備用泵Standbypump信號(hào)閘閥Signalgatevalve壓力表Pressuremeter水力警鈴Watermotoralarm水流指示器Waterflowindicator信號(hào)閘閥Signalgatevalve報(bào)警閥Alarmvalve消防水池Firepool排氣閥Exhaustvalve樓層顯示器Floorindicator火災(zāi)報(bào)警鈴Firealarmbell火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器Firealarmcontroller當(dāng)頂層溫度達(dá)到玻璃泡的動(dòng)作溫度時(shí)，噴頭玻璃泡就會(huì)破裂。Thenozzleglassbulbcollapseswhenthetoplayertemperaturereaches