地鐵運行狀態(tài)便攜式檢測系統(tǒng)與車輛損傷識別方法研究-開題報告

地鐵運行狀態(tài)便攜式檢測系統(tǒng)與車輛損傷識別方法研究學(xué)院專業(yè)學(xué)號研究生指導(dǎo)教師開題時間

一、課題的來源、研究的目的意義（包括我國應(yīng)用的前景）、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及水平1.研究的目的和意義隨著中國城市化的迅猛發(fā)展，無數(shù)城市迎來了翻天覆地的變化。人口的大量涌入，尤其是向城市地區(qū)的集中，帶來了一系列前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。在這些挑戰(zhàn)中，交通擁堵問題尤為突出，它不僅困擾著城市的日常生活，更成為制約城市發(fā)展的一大瓶頸。面對這一難題，地鐵以其獨特的優(yōu)勢，成為了城市交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的首選。地鐵系統(tǒng)以其卓越的運載能力，能夠在短時間內(nèi)高效地運輸數(shù)以萬計的乘客，有效緩解了城市地面交通的壓力。它的準時性極高，幾乎不受天氣和交通狀況的影響，為市民提供了一種可靠、高效的出行方式。此外，地鐵的能耗相對較低，符合當前節(jié)能減排的環(huán)保理念，為城市的綠色發(fā)展貢獻了重要力量。地鐵列車沿著專用的軌道網(wǎng)絡(luò)順暢運行，不受地面交通擁堵的干擾。它們以高速穿梭于城市的每一個角落，將城市的各個區(qū)域緊密連接起來，顯著縮短了市民的通勤時間。地鐵系統(tǒng)的地下布局，不僅節(jié)約了寶貴的城市土地資源，還提升了城市空間的利用效率，為城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了有力支撐。然而，地鐵運維技術(shù)仍面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn)。脫軌、鋼軌磨損、車輪損耗等問題日益嚴重，這些問題不僅導(dǎo)致居民生活遭到地鐵振動的噪聲影響，也使得居民乘坐地鐵的舒適度有所下降。如果能夠在問題初現(xiàn)端倪時就及時發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決，將對降低運維成本、保障行車安全、減少對環(huán)境的影響產(chǎn)生積極作用。居民的生活質(zhì)量可以得到極大的改善。為了實現(xiàn)這一目標，通過在車廂上安裝高精度的加速度傳感器，并結(jié)合車軌模型的研究，可以開發(fā)出評估行車安全性、平穩(wěn)性和舒適性的關(guān)鍵指標。這種研究方法有助于更早地發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在問題，避免地鐵設(shè)施的進一步損壞，從而有效控制維護成本。地鐵運行時的車體安全監(jiān)測意義重大。與軌道檢測相比，車體檢測成本更低，監(jiān)測效率更高，設(shè)備鋪設(shè)時間更短。此外，通過車體監(jiān)測，可以快速判斷問題根源，是列車本身還是軌道問題，從而進行針對性的處理，確保地鐵系統(tǒng)的高效、安全運行。通過這些創(chuàng)新的監(jiān)測手段，地鐵系統(tǒng)的運維管理得以邁入一個全新的智能化階段。這些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不僅提升了行車的安全性和乘客的舒適度，還顯著降低了地鐵運營和維護的成本。更為重要的是，它們還對環(huán)境保護做出了積極貢獻，減少了地鐵運行對城市環(huán)境的負面影響。高精度的加速度傳感器能夠?qū)崟r監(jiān)測地鐵列車在行駛過程中的動態(tài)表現(xiàn)，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)異常振動或沖擊，這些可能是潛在故障的前兆。通過早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和預(yù)警，地鐵運營方可以采取預(yù)防性維護措施，避免問題擴大，減少緊急維修的頻率和成本，延長設(shè)備使用壽命。車軌模型的研究幫助工程師深入理解列車與軌道之間的相互作用，優(yōu)化列車設(shè)計和軌道幾何形狀，減少因不匹配造成的額外磨損。這種優(yōu)化不僅降低了維護成本，還減少了因列車運行產(chǎn)生的噪音和振動，提升了乘客的舒適度和周邊居民的生活質(zhì)量。2.國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀目前地鐵運維技術(shù)仍有很多缺陷，脫軌、鋼軌的磨損、車輪的磨損這些問題日益嚴重，如果可以在更早的時間以更低的成本發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決這些問題，對運維成本、行車安全、環(huán)境的影響都會有很大改變。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者通過各種方法進行了相關(guān)研究。2.1國外研究現(xiàn)狀ZhaoweiChenADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"ldA9h027","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":32,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/4TA6NFK3"],"itemData":{"id":32,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Train-trackinteraction(TTI)isaclassicresearchtopicinrailwayengineering,whichconsistsofthreemainparts,namely,trainmodel,trackmodel,and...","container-title":"ShockandVibration","DOI":"10.1155/2019/1859261","ISSN":"1070-9622,1875-9203","language":"en","note":"publisher:Wiley","source":"","title":"AnAlternativeSolutionofTrain-TrackDynamicInteraction","URL":"/10.1155/2019/1859261","volume":"2019","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhaowei"},{"family":"Fang","given":"Hui"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",8,8]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,1]]},"citation-key":"chenAlternativeSolutionTrainTrack2019"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1]為了提高計算精度，拓寬應(yīng)用范圍，該文介紹了一種基于商業(yè)軟件ANSYS通過APDL語言進行二次開發(fā)技術(shù)的TTI研究的替代計算方法。所提方法有效且能夠研究TTI。采用該方法可以精確模擬不同復(fù)雜的軌道系統(tǒng)。此外，該方法也可用于探索列車-橋交互作用和列車-軌道-橋梁相互作用。MeysamNaeimiADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"hOZ6v1rt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[2]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":42,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/V3HLLUTT"],"itemData":{"id":42,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Amathematicalmodelofthevehicle–trackinteractionisdevelopedtoinvestigatethecoupledbehaviourofvehicle–tracksystem,inthepresenceofunevenirregularitiesatleft/rightrails.Therailwayvehicleissimplifiedasa3Dmulti-rigid-bodymodel,andthetrackistreatedasthetwoparallelbeamsonalayereddiscretesupportsystem.Besidesthecar-body,thebogiesandthewheelsets,thesleepersareassumedtohaverolldegreeoffreedom,inordertosimulatethein-planerotationofthecomponents.Thewheel–railinterfaceistreatedusinganonlinearHertziancontactmodel,couplingthemathematicalequationsofthevehicle–tracksystems.Thedynamicinteractionoftheentiresystemisnumericallystudiedintimedomain,employingNewmark'sintegrationmethod.Thetrackirregularityspectraofboththeleft/rightrailsaretakenintoaccount,astheinputsofdynamicexcitations.Thedynamicresponsesofthetracksysteminducedbysuchirregularitiesareobtained,particularlyintermsofthevertical(bounce)androlldisplacements.Thenumericalmodelofthepresentresearchisvalidatedusingseveralbenchmarkmodelsreportedintheliterature,forboththesmoothandunsmoothtrackconditions.Foursampleprofilesofthemeasuredrailirregularitiesareconsideredasthecasestudiesofexcitationsources,examiningtheirinfluencesonthedynamicbehaviourofthecoupledsystem.Theresultsofnumericalsimulationsdemonstratethatthemotionoftracksystemissignificantlyinfluencedbythepresenceofunevenirregularitiesinleft/rightrails.Dynamicresponseofthesleepersintherolldirectionbecomesmoresensitivetotherailirregularities,astheunevennessseverityoftheparallelprofiles(quantitativedifferencebetweenleftandrightrailspectra)isincreased.Theseveregeometricdeformationofthetrackinthebounce–pitch–rolldirectionsismainlyrelatedtosuchprofileunevenness(cross-level)inleft/rightrails.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2014.998243","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"1","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis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sconductedonanomalydetectionofwheelflats.Intherailwaysector,conductingtestswithactualrailwayvehiclesischallengingduetosafetyconcernsforpassengersandmaintenanceissuesasitisapublicindustry.Therefore,dynamicssoftwarewasutilized.Next,STFT(short-timeFouriertransform)wasperformedtocreatespectrogramimages.Inthecaseofrailwayvehicles,control,monitoring,andcommunicationareperformedthroughTCMS,butcomplexanalysisanddataprocessingaredifficultbecausetherearenodevicessuchasGPUs.Furthermore,therearememorylimitations.Therefore,inthispaper,therelativelylightweightmodelsLeNet-5,ResNet-20,andMobileNet-V3wereselectedfordeeplearningexperiments.Atthistime,theLeNet-5andMobileNet-V3modelsweremodifiedfromthebasicarchitecture.Sincerailwayvehiclesaregivenpreventivemaintenance,itisdifficulttoobtainfaultdata.Therefore,semi-supervisedlearningwasalsoperformed.Atthistime,theDeepOneClassClassificationpaperwasreferenced.TheevaluationresultsindicatedthatthemodifiedLeNet-5andMobileNet-V3modelsachievedapproximately97%and96%accuracy,respectively.Atthispoint,theLeNet-5modelshowedatrainingtimeof12minfasterthantheMobileNet-V3model.Inaddition,thesemi-supervisedlearningresultsshowedasignificantoutcomeofapproximately94%accuracywhenconsideringtherailwaymaintenanceenvironment.Inconclusion,consideringtherailwayvehiclemaintenanceenvironmentanddevicespecifications,itwasinferredthattherelativelysimpleandlightweightLeNet-5modelcanbeeffectivelyutilizedwhileusingsmallimages.","container-title":"Sensors","DOI":"10.3390/s23229075","ISSN":"1424-8220","issue":"22","language":"en","license":"/licenses/by/3.0/","note":"number:22\npublisher:MultidisciplinaryDigitalPublishingInstitute","page":"9075","source":"","title":"AMethodologyofConditionMonitoringSystemUtilizingSupervisedandSemi-SupervisedLearninginRailway","volume":"23","author":[{"family":"Shim","given":"Jaeseok"},{"family":"Koo","given":"Jeongseo"},{"family":"Park","given":"Yongwoon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",1]]},"citation-key":"shimMethodologyConditionMonitoring2023"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[5]使用了動力學(xué)軟件。運用短時傅里葉變換以創(chuàng)建頻譜圖圖像。在鐵路車輛的情況下，控制、監(jiān)控和通信是通過TCMS進行，綜合考慮鐵路車輛檢修環(huán)境和設(shè)備規(guī)格，推斷出相對簡單輕量的LeNet-5模型。GerhardSchandlADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"buDQpNUU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[6]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[6]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":57,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/M8NK5MEH"],"itemData":{"id":57,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Inordertoimprovetheridecomfortoflightweightrailwayvehicles,anactivevibrationreductionsystemusingpiezo-stackactuatorsisproposedandstudiedinsimulations.Thesystemconsistsofactuatorsandsensorsmountedonthevehiclecarbody.Viaafeedbackcontrolloop,theoutputsignalsofthesensorswhicharemeasuringtheflexibledeformationofthecarbodygenerateabendingmoment,whichisdirectlyappliedtothecarbodybytheactuators.Thisbendingmomentreducesthestructuralvibrationofthevehiclecarbody.Simulationshaveshownthatasignificantreductioninthevibrationlevelisachieved.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423110601145952","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"9","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423110601145952","page":"835-847","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Comfortenhancementbyanactivevibrationreductionsystemforaflexiblerailwaycarbody","volume":"45","author":[{"family":"Schandl","given":"Gerhard"},{"family":"Lugner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Benatzky","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Kozek","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Stribersky","given":"Anton"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",9,1]]},"citation-key":"schandlComfortEnhancementActive2007"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[6]為了提高輕量化軌道車輛的乘坐舒適性，提出一種利用壓電堆疊執(zhí)行器的主動減振系統(tǒng)，并在仿真中進行了研究。該系統(tǒng)由安裝在車身上的執(zhí)行器和傳感器組成。通過反饋控制回路，測量車身柔性變形的傳感器的輸出信號產(chǎn)生彎曲力矩，該彎矩由執(zhí)行器直接施加到車身上。這種彎矩減少了車體的結(jié)構(gòu)振動。仿真表明，振動水平顯著降低。BertaSuarezADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"LgJ3LkVt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[7]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[7]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":58,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/24RSATYY"],"itemData":{"id":58,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Asensitivityanalysishasbeenperformedtoassesstheinfluenceoftheelasticpropertiesofrailwayvehiclesuspensionsonthevehicledynamicbehaviour.Todothis,144dynamicsimulationswereperformedmodifying,oneatatime,thestiffnessanddampingcoefficients,oftheprimaryandsecondarysuspensions.Threevalueswereassignedtoeachparameter,correspondingtothepercentiles10,50and90ofadatasetstoredinadatabaseofrailwayvehicles.Afterprocessingtheresultsofthesesimulations,theanalysedparametersweresortedbyincreasinginfluence.Itwasalsofoundwhichoftheseparameterscouldbeestimatedwithalesserdegreeofaccuracyinfuturesimulationswithoutappreciablyaffectingthesimulationresults.Ingeneralterms,itwasconcludedthatthehighestinfluenceswerefoundforthelongitudinalstiffnessandthelateralstiffnessoftheprimarysuspensi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