閱讀理解體裁與命題類型分解-2025年上海春季高考英語(yǔ)沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（解析版）

第08講:閱讀理解體裁與命題類型分解

>知識(shí)梳理

一___

【考情鏈接】

高考閱讀理解選材來(lái)源廣泛，多源于國(guó)外英文圖書、報(bào)刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語(yǔ)言地道純正，具有鮮明的語(yǔ)

言文化特點(diǎn)。體裁包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會(huì)、文化、地理、歷史、政治、

經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)及推理判斷。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，命題人往往通過(guò)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來(lái)考查考

生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，一般包括：直接信息題、間接

信息題。

命題方式：

1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...

詞義猜測(cè)題也是閱讀理解中經(jīng)常檢測(cè)的一種能力。此類題型要求學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料提供的信息，結(jié)合

學(xué)習(xí)中積累的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)生詞的含義、熟詞生義和短語(yǔ)、句子的含義加以猜測(cè),以及對(duì)代詞的指代對(duì)象準(zhǔn)

確定位。

命題方式：

1)Theword"ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?

3)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.

4)Theword"it(them)"inthefirstparagraphrefersto.

推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一，包括判斷和推理兩個(gè)方面，屬于主觀題，是閱讀

理解中層次較高的題目，需要在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做

出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式：細(xì)節(jié)推斷

題、文章的來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題等。

命題方式：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that....

3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

4)Thewriterindicates/implies/suggeststhat.

主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，對(duì)整篇文章的

主旨大意有一個(gè)較為清晰的印象，既考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，又考查深層次的推理、概括能力，難度較大。

命題方式：

1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3)What*sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

4)What*sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

【要點(diǎn)梳理】

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題：

1.直接信息題

2.間接信息題

3.概括、歸納信息題

【典例】

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.

Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemother

wasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenused

whenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousabout

becomingadoctor).

33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A.Savingupforherholiday.

B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.

C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.

D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.

［解題示范］

第一步：定信息區(qū)間

抓關(guān)鍵題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：Georgia,sell,objects

定位：用Georgia,sell,objects尋讀，在文中找到信息源---Shechosetosellafew

鎖信息largerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoher

schoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）.

第二步：比對(duì)定答案

選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)意思定位

A為她的假期儲(chǔ)蓄。曲解文意

B為一個(gè)貧困女孩募捐。曲解文意

C把錢放入她的基金。同義替換

D把錢送給一個(gè)生病的媽媽。無(wú)中生有

［分析］選c比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，女兒愿意賣幾件玩具，是因?yàn)槲覀兂兄Z把錢放入她的求學(xué)基

金；選項(xiàng)和原文中均出現(xiàn)fund一詞，故為直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。故選C。

二、詞義猜測(cè)題：

1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、派生等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

【典例】

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips-ofthose,51have

beenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干名田胞）inmylittleboxbecausePvegottwoicepacksandthat's

howlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻(xiàn)者）tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we*vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

［分析］"avolunteerstemcellcourier"是"PeterHodes”的同位語(yǔ);根據(jù)文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystem

cells（干細(xì)胞）inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻(xiàn)者捐獻(xiàn)的干細(xì)胞運(yùn)送給需要的病人，即作

者是干細(xì)胞遞送員。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

【典例】

[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]IfsJasonMoran*sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

[分析]根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazz

audiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的內(nèi)容,

即爵士樂(lè)聽(tīng)眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。

判斷推理題:

推斷則是指通過(guò)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷正確與否，

很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語(yǔ)氣及觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式：

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、文章的來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題等。

【典例】

Itishardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearestupidenoughtowantchildrenbecauseitlookssofantastic-most

adultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

B.Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildraising.

C.Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

D.Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildraising.

【答案】66.B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof

stress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourown

dissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartoftheway

celebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.（但有趣的是,我們想知道,我們每周看到的無(wú)壓力、

提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某種微小的、潛意識(shí)的方式導(dǎo)致了我們對(duì)實(shí)際體驗(yàn)的不滿，就像我們中有

一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能會(huì)讓我們看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像他們）”可知，從最后?段可以推斷出明星

媽媽影響了我們對(duì)撫養(yǎng)孩子的態(tài)度。故選B。

四、主旨大意題:

1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題（概括文章或段落的主旨大意）

2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。

【典例】

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B?Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題示范］

第一步：讀文章，概括段意

該段沒(méi)有主題句，但是從以下幾個(gè)方面說(shuō)明了飛車theTransition的相關(guān)情況:

①制造商：TerrafugiaInc.

②首飛成功：completeditsfirstflight

③上市時(shí)間：withinthenextyear

④飛車名字：theTransition

⑤飛車構(gòu)成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwings

⑥飛行時(shí)速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair

⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon

由以上信息可以看出該段主要描述了飛車theTransition的一些基本數(shù)據(jù)。

第二步：析選項(xiàng)，斟酌判斷

飛車theTransition的基本數(shù)據(jù)。

A涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全段

A項(xiàng)是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的精煉概括和總結(jié)。

飛車的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

該選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤在于以下兩點(diǎn)：

B①該段介紹了名字為theTransition的飛車；而不是全部無(wú)中生有，生搬硬套

飛車(flyingcars)0

②該段列舉的是基本數(shù)據(jù)而不是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

飛車的潛在市場(chǎng)。

C無(wú)中生有，生搬硬套

原文沒(méi)有提及。

飛車theTransition的設(shè)計(jì)商。

D以偏概全，主次不分

該選項(xiàng)僅僅是文章中的一個(gè)方面。

［答案］A

【典例】

Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.Welive

crazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.

66.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.

B.Theevolutionofpeople'sattitudetowardsbusyness.

C.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople'sbusyness.

D.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhow

muchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.“很多

時(shí)候，我們衡量自己的價(jià)值不是看我們?nèi)〉昧耸裁闯晒?，而是看我們花了多少時(shí)間。我們過(guò)著瘋狂的生活,

至少在一定程度上是因?yàn)樗屛覀冏晕腋杏X(jué)良好?！笨芍?，本文講述的是人們忙碌背后的原因和影響。故

選C。

【典例】

China'spolicyofplantingtreesisHkelyplayingasignificantroleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.An

internationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescaleofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforests

hasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountforalittleover35%ofChina'sentirelandcarbon

“sink”,thegroupsays.

66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GreenhouseGasEmissionLargelyReduced

B.RolesofCarbonSinksProvedbyNewStudy

C.China'sForestCarbonAbsorptionUnderestimated

D.ClimateImpactsBalancedDuetoChina'sAfforestation

【答案】66.C

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“China'spolicyofplantingtreesislikelyplayingasignificant

roleintemperingitsclimateimpacts.Aninternationalteamhasidentifiedtwoareasinthecountrywherethescale

ofcarbondioxideabsorptionbynewforestshasbeenunderestimated.Takentogether,theseareasaccountfora

littleover35%ofChina飛entirelandcarbon"sink”,thegroupsays.（中國(guó)的植樹(shù)政策可能在緩和氣候影響方面

發(fā)揮了重要作用。一個(gè)國(guó)際小組已經(jīng)在該國(guó)確定了兩個(gè)地區(qū)，這些地區(qū)的新森林吸收二氧化碳的規(guī)模被低

估了。該組織稱，這些地區(qū)加起來(lái)占中國(guó)整個(gè)土地碳“匯”的35%多一點(diǎn)。戶可知，本文主要講的是中國(guó)森林

碳匯的規(guī)模被低估以及關(guān)于中國(guó)森林碳匯的新的研究，因此最好的題目是C選項(xiàng)“China'sForestCarbon

AbsorptionUnderestimated（中國(guó)森林碳吸收被低估廣，故選C。

0課堂精練

———

（上師大附中2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試）

Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Astheygrowolder,theyrealizethat

thefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinningit.Bythetimetheyreachtheirteens,they

haveusuallylearnednottocheat.Sadly,thiswasnotthecaseforaplayerinanationalboardgamechampionshipheld

annuallyintheUS.Theplayerwantedtowinsomuchthatheturnedtocheating.

TheboardgamewasScrabble.Inthegame,playershavetomakewordsfromindividuallettersonsmallsquares

called“tiles,“andthenputthewordsonaboard.Twoofthemostusefultilesinthegamearetheblanks,whichare

tileswithoutanylettersonthem.Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.

Thecheaterinthisparticularcompetitionwasa15-year-oldboyfromOrlando,Florida.Hehadsurprised

organizersintheearlystagesofthecompetitionbybeatingsomeofthebestplayers,despitethefactthathehadnever

playedincompetitionsbefore.Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssusuidous,includingthemanwhocaughthim,

43-year-oldArthurMoore.Moorehadalreadyplayedtheboythedaybefore,andMoorehadwonthegame,although

theboyhadhadbothoftheblanktiles.InScrabble,beforeanewgamestarts,theplayersputthetilesfromthe

previousgamebackintoasmallbag.Thistime,Moorehadagoodlookatthetilesonthetablebeforeheandhis

opponentputtheminthebagtostartthegame.Hewasnotsurprisedtoseethatthetwoblanksweretogetheronthe

tableinfrontoftheboy.Asthetwoplayerswereputtingthetilesintothebag.Moorewatchedtheboy'slefthand.He

sawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.ThiswasthesignalforMooretocalloneofthe

organizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.

Whentheboywastakenawayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhiding

themunderthetable.Asaresultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfrom

playinginthecompetitionagain.

36.Accordingtothepassage,whydoyoungchildrencheatinboardgames?

A.Theyareeagertowin.B.Theydislikethegames.

C.Theydon'tknowwhatcheatingis.D.Theydon'twanttotakepartinthegames.

37.WhyarethetwoblanktilesmostusefulinScrabble?

A.Theyarethemostobvioustilesinthegame.

B.Playerscandecidehowmanypointstheyareworth.

C.Playersearnmorepointsiftheyleavethetilesunused.

D.Theycanbeusedwhenplayersdon'thavetherightletter.

38.Theword"suspicious”(inparagraph3)mostprobablymeans"

A.supportiveB.disappointedC.mistrustfulD.honoured

39.Howdidtheboycheat?

A.Byputtingthetilesintohisownbag.B.Byhidingtheblanktilesforfutureuse.

C.Bycooperatingwithhisopponentsecretly.D.Bylyingthathehadneverplayedthegame.

【答案】36.A37.D38.C39.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在美國(guó)每年舉辦的一項(xiàng)全國(guó)棋盤游戲錦標(biāo)賽中，一個(gè)男孩在比賽

中作弊的事件。

[36題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifsnormalforyoungchildrentocheatwhenthey'replayingboardgames.Asthey

growolder,theyrealizethatthefunisactuallyintakingpartinthegame,notnecessarilyinwinning孩子在

玩棋盤游戲時(shí)作弊是很正常的現(xiàn)象。隨著他們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們會(huì)意識(shí)到，游戲的樂(lè)趣其實(shí)在于參與過(guò)程，

而不■定在于獲勝。廣可知，小孩子作弊的原因可能是因?yàn)樗麄兛释@勝。故選A。

【37題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ablankisn'tworthanypoints,butaplayercanuseittoreplaceanyletterofthe

alphabet.（空白塊本身沒(méi)有分?jǐn)?shù)，但玩家可以用它來(lái)代替字母表中的任何字母。）”可知，在《拼字游戲》中，

當(dāng)玩家沒(méi)有正確的字母來(lái)完成一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，空白塊可以用來(lái)代替任何字母，因此它們是最有用的。故選D。

【38題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Thismadesomeoftheotherplayerssuspicious,（這讓其他選手產(chǎn)生了。）“

可推測(cè)，這讓其他選手產(chǎn)生了某種情緒。再根據(jù)下文“includingthemanwhocaughthim,43-year-oldArthur

Moore.（包括發(fā)現(xiàn)他作弊的43歲ArthurMoore在內(nèi)）”可推測(cè)，ArthurMoore抓住他作弊，由此可知，其他選

手產(chǎn)生了懷疑。由此可知，劃線單詞和“懷疑的”意思相似。選項(xiàng)A"supportive（支持的）”；選項(xiàng)B"disappointed（失

望的）”；選項(xiàng)C"mistrustfiil（不信任的廣；選項(xiàng)D“honoured（榮幸的廣。故選C。

【39題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hesawtheboypickupthetwoblanks,andputhishandunderthetable.Thiswas

thesignalforMooretocalloneoftheorganizersandaccusetheboyofcheating.（他看見(jiàn)男孩拿起了兩個(gè)空白塊，

并把手放在了桌子下面。這就是摩爾叫來(lái)一位組織者，指責(zé)男孩作弊。戶以及第四段“Whentheboywastaken

awayforquestioning,headmittedtotakingthetwoblanksduringthegameandhidingthemunderthetable.Asa

resultofhischeating,thecompetitiondirectordisqualifiedhimandbannedhimfromplayinginthecompetition

again.（當(dāng)男孩被帶走問(wèn)話時(shí)，他承認(rèn)在游戲過(guò)程中拿走了兩個(gè)空白塊,并將它們藏在了桌子下面。由于作弊，

比賽主管取消了他的參賽資格，并禁止他再次參加這項(xiàng)比賽。）”可知，男孩的作弊方式是把空白塊藏起來(lái)以

備后用。故選B。

（市西中學(xué)2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試）

Knowhowmuchtotip

Newrulesofgratuities

Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehavenbeenabletodotheirjobsat

all,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdriedup,causingalotofpeopleto

suffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisksandhardshipsthatessential

serviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.

Justasmanyserviceshavechanged,soshouldtipping.Someoldstandardsnolongerseemfair,andseveral

neweroneswillapplylongafterthepandemicisover.

Somenewrulesoftippingthatarelikelyheretostay:

Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.Treatbusinessowners

Givemoreifyoucan.

Youcanalso"tip"withadifferently.

Ifscommonfortipstobedivided

thank-younoteorahomemadegiftApracticeofthepast,

betweenalltheworkersatastoreor

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)tippingthebossseparatelyisno

restaurant,notjustthosewhointeract

doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerlongernecessary.Butifshe

directlywithcustomers.Sogiving

writingareviewonline,makingsuretoservesyou,tipherasyouwould

generouslyensuresafairertipforall.

namenames.anyofherworkers.

Asforspecificsituations,here'swhattheexpertsrecommend:

FOODANDDRINKS

Restaurantworkers

Oldrule:Leaveatiponlywhenyoudinein.

Newrule:Alwaystip,evenfortakeout.

Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percentontakeoutordeliveryorders.

Personalshoppers

Oldrule:N/A(Notapplicable).Manyoftheseservices,suchasgrocerypickup,arenewer.

Newrule:Tip,anddoitintheapp,sinceyouareunlikelytointeractdirectlywithyourshopper.

Tip:10to15percent.Ifatipisalreadyincluded,addafewdollarsextra.

HOMEDELIVERIES

Packagedeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Don'ttip.

Newrule:Showappreciationifyougetdeliveriesmorethanonceaweek.

Tip：Drinks,snacks,or$5to$20ifapackageisparticularlyheavyorlarge.Postalworkerscannotacceptcashorgifts

worthmorethan$50peryear.UPStellsdriverstodeclinetipsunlessacustomerinsists.AndFedExprohibits

employeesfromacceptingcashorcashequivalents(suchasgiftcards).

Flowerdeliverydrivers

Oldrule:Thepersonwhoplacestheordertipsthosewhodeliverflowers(andotherspecialtyitems).

Newrule:Youcan'tassumethegiftgiveralreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthe

goodwillalongintheformofatip.

Tip:$5to$10.

PERSONALSERVICES

Ride-sharedrivers

Oldrule:Tipincash.

Newrule:Askyourdriver.TheLyftandUberappsletyouaddgratuities,butsomedriversprefercash.

Tip:15to20percent.

40.Newrulesoftippingarerecommendedbecause.

A.thepandemichasdrivenmanybusinessestofinancialruin

B.somepeoplehavetoworkfromhomewithoutinteraction

C.customersdismisstheoldstandardsasunfairtothemselves

D.someoldtippingstandardscan'thelpsomeserviceworkersoutnow

41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Tipeveryworkerfairlyincasesomemaykeepthemoneytohimself.

B.Themoreyoutip,thebetterserviceyouwillreceive.

C.Writingareviewonlineishighlyrecommendedtoexpressgratitude.

D.Thereisnoneedtotipthebossbecausehedoesn'tprovideanyservice.

42.didbestintippingaccordingtotherecommendedrules.

NameSituationTip

Ginnaorderaroastgoose($50)atKam'sRoastsfortakeout$0forthewaiter

JoantakeadeliveryofapackagefromFedEx(bottledwater,500ml,24-pack)$10fortheFedExdeliveryman

SusanreceiveabunchofflowersdeliveredbyaFlowerPlusdriver$5(cash)forthegardener

LinntakeaUber($15)fromStVincent'sHospitaltotheCentralLibrary$3(cash)forthedriver

A.GinnaB.JoanC.SusanD.Linn

【答案】40.D41.C42.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹小費(fèi)的新規(guī)定及一些行業(yè)的小費(fèi)新規(guī)定。

【40題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thepandemichasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips.Somehaven't

beenabletodotheirjobsatall,whileothersdon'tinteractwithcustomersthesameway.Ineithercase,tipsdried

up,causingalotofpeopletosuffer.Meanwhile,manycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisks

andhardshipsthatessentialserviceworkerssuddenlyfaced.(新冠對(duì)依靠小費(fèi)工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其艱難。有些人根

本無(wú)法完成他們的工作，而另一些人則無(wú)法以相同的方式與顧客互動(dòng)。無(wú)論哪種情況，小費(fèi)都會(huì)枯竭，導(dǎo)

致很多人受苦。與此同時(shí)，因?yàn)榛痉?wù)人員突然面臨新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和困難，許多顧客覺(jué)得有必要給更多的小

費(fèi)。廣可知，新冠使服務(wù)人員工作艱難，一些舊的小費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在無(wú)法幫助一些服務(wù)人員。所以建議使用新的

小費(fèi)規(guī)則，幫助服務(wù)人員應(yīng)對(duì)困難，故選D。

[41題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thinkoutsidethe(cash)box.部分"Youcanalso"tip"withathank-younoteorahomemadegift

whenabusiness(oryourbudget)doesn'tpermitgratuities.Considerwritingareviewonline,makingsuretoname

names”當(dāng)公司或你的預(yù)算不允許給小費(fèi)時(shí)，你也可以用感謝信或自制禮物?？紤]在線撰寫評(píng)論，確保署名。廣

可知，可以在線撰寫評(píng)論以表達(dá)感激之情。故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)Givemoreifyoucan.部分“It，scommonfortips

tobedividedbetweenalltheworkersatastoreorrestaurant,notjustthosewhointeractdirectlywithcustomers.

(通常，小費(fèi)分配給商店或餐廳的所有員工，而不僅僅是直接與客戶互動(dòng)的員工。廠可知，小費(fèi)分配給所有

員工，但文章并未說(shuō)明為什么這樣做，故排除A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)Treatbusinessownersdifferently.部分“Apracticeof

thepast,tippingthebossseparatelyisnolongernecessary.Butifsheservesyou,tipherasyouwouldanyofher

workers.(過(guò)去的做法，不再需要單獨(dú)給老板小費(fèi)。但是，如果她為你服務(wù)，就像你給她的工人一樣給她小

費(fèi)。廠可知，如果老板為你服務(wù)，你需要給老板小費(fèi)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章未提及B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。故選C。

【42題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Restaurantworkers部分"Tip:15to20percentwhenyoudinein,and10to15percenton

takeoutordeliveryorders.（小費(fèi)：堂食時(shí)為15%至20%,外賣或外賣訂單為10%至15%。）“可知，訂外賣需

要給工作人員小費(fèi)，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)Packagedeliverydrivers部分“AndFedExprohibitsemployeesfrom

acceptingcashorcashequivalents（suchasgiftcards）.（聯(lián)邦快遞禁止員工接受現(xiàn)金或現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物，如禮品卡。

可知，無(wú)需給聯(lián)邦快遞員工小費(fèi)，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)Flowerdeliverydrivers部分“Youcan'tassumethegiftgiver

alreadytipped,soifyou'reluckyenoughtogetsuchadelivery,passthegoodwillalongintheformofatip.（你不

能假設(shè)送禮者已經(jīng)給小費(fèi)了，所以如果你有幸收到這樣的快遞，請(qǐng)以小費(fèi)的形式傳遞善意。）”可知，需要給

送花人小費(fèi)，而不是給園丁小費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)Ride-sharedrivers部分“Tip:15to20percent.（小費(fèi)：15%

至20%）”可知，需要給司機(jī)15%到20%的小費(fèi)。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D項(xiàng)正確，故選D。

課后反饋

模擬基礎(chǔ)練

記敘文或新聞報(bào)道類

（2024年青浦區(qū)二模）

Iwassittinginmyhighschoolclassroom,nervouslytappingmypencilagainstthedeskasIawaitedthestartof

theEnglishexam.

Astheclockstruck,signalingthebeginningoftheexam,myheartbegantorace.Iopenedtheexambookletand

scannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanicoverme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.In

astateofpanic,Ihurriedlywrotedownmyanswers,hopingthatsomehow,bysomestrokeofluck,theywouldbe

correct.Butastheminuteswentby,IrealizedIcouldn'tseemtomakesenseofthequestionsbeforeme.Asthefinal

bellrang,Ihandedinmypaperwithaheavyheart.

Inthedaysthatfollowed,Icouldn'tshakethefeelingoffailurethathungovermelikeadarkcloud.Ireplayed

theexamoverandoverinmymind,analyzingeveryquestion,everyanswer,searchingforcluesastowhereIhad

gonewrong.

Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme-Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluable

lessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.Ithrewmyself

intomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devonringbooksandpracticingpastexamswithaneagernessIhad

neverknownbefore.

Whenthetimecametoretaketheexam,Iwasready.Iapproachedeachquestionwithconfidenceandclarity,

drawinguponthelessonsIhadlearnedfrommypreviousmissteps.

Whentheresultswereannounced,IheldmybreathasIscannedthelistofnames.Andthereitwas-myname,

shiningbrightlyamongthelistofsuccessfulcandidates.Atthatmoment,allthehardwork,allthelatenightsand

earlymornings,wereworthit.

AndasIlookbackonthatsunnyafternooninthehighschoolclassroom,Iamgratefulforthelessonsittaught

me,andthepersonithelpedmebecome.

56.Whydidtheauthorpanicwhenhefirsttooktheexam?

A.Hesatwithapoundingheart.

B.Hefoundthequestionstoodifficult.

C.Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeforeignlanguage.

D.Hewasinahurrywhenansweringthequestions.

57.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhefailedintheexam?

A.Heattendedvaluablelessonsinschool.

B.Heretooktheexamoverandoveragain.

C.Hepromisedtoarmhimselfwitheagerness.

D.Hedeterminedtoengagehimselfinlearning.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“devouring''(paragraph4)?

A.beingtargetedatB.beingobligedfor

C.beingabsorbedinD.beingcreditedto

59.Accordingtothepassage,thisexperiencehelpedtheauthorbecome.

A.cheerfulandconsiderateB.objectiveanddemanding

C.toughandperseveringD.proudandtolerant

【答案】56.B57.D58.C59.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從一次考試失敗的經(jīng)歷中變得堅(jiān)韌不拔的故事。

[56題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中"Iopenedtheexambookletandscannedthequestions,andIfeltawaveofpanic

overme.Thequestionsseemedforeign,andthetopicsunfamiliar.（我打開(kāi)考試手冊(cè)，瀏覽了一下問(wèn)題，我感到

一陣恐慌。這些問(wèn)題似乎很陌生，話題也很陌生。戶可知，他覺(jué)得這些問(wèn)題太難了，所以參加考試時(shí)驚慌失

措。故選B。

【57題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbooksand

practicingpastexamswithaneagernessIhadneverknownbefore.（我以全新的決心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，如饑似渴地

啃書本，以前所未有的熱情復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去的考試。戶可知，作者考試不及格后決心專心學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。

[58題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination（我以全新的決心投入

到學(xué)習(xí)中）”可知，作者以全新的決心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，全神貫注于書本，以前所未有的熱情復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去的考試。

劃線詞的含義為“全神貫注于"。A.beingtargetedat針對(duì)；B.beingobligedfor因某事而感謝；C.beingabsorbed

in全神貫注于；D.beingcreditedto歸功于。故選Co

[59題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第四段"Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme一Ihadfailed,yes,butI

hadalsolearnedvaluablelessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddo

betternexttime.Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbo