北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。My10-year-oldsonEgbertwasapickyeater-heonlyatechickennuggetsandyogurt-andunwillingtotrynewthings.Accordingtohim,it’sbecausehehasphobias,includingheightsandthedark.Iwashopingtofindawayto____1____himwithoutusingoldsayingslike“Ifyoudon’ttryit,you’llneverknowifyoulikeit.”SobeforeourskiingtriptoLosAngeles,I___2___arule:wewouldsayyestoeverything,includingnewfoodsandexperiences.Wesaidyesfromthebeginningofourtrip.Attheairportcafé,Egbertbeganbytryingnewfoodslikevegetablemeatballs.___3___,herateditas“notbad”.Thenextdayinthesnowboardingschool,despitethefearofheights,Egbertchallengedhimselftolearnhowtorideachairlift.Afterskiing,wewerebothcoldandwet,andEgbertsuggestedtheoutdoorhottub(浴缸).Thoughitwouldbeacompletelynewexperienceforus,I___4___ittogetherwithhimandtheexperienceprovedtobeadelight.Ifelt___5___ofmyselffortryingsomethingnew.Onoursummerholidays,wecontinuedthe___6___ofsayingyes.AtthecompetitioninCody,Wyoming,neitherofmysonandI___7___whenwewereinvitedontothefieldtojoininthehorseracing.Thoughwecamebackwithoutprizes,wewerebothlaughing,sweatyand___8___.Iknowit’samomentwe’llneverforget.Thereinliesthe___9___ofsayingyesonvacation:itpushesusoutofourcomfortzone,thoughit’snotalwayspossibletosayyestoeverythinginourdailylife.Developingasenseof____10____helpsuslivelifetothefullest-evenifwesometimeswindupcoldandwet.1.A.warn B.award C.order D.encourage2.A.broke B.set C.changed D.remembered3.A.Strangely B.Clearly C.Undoubtedly D.Surprisingly4.A.braved B.adjusted C.missed D.discussed5.A.afraid B.proud C.nervous D.respectful6.A.tradition B.lesson C.trend D.celebration7.A.cared B.agreed C.panicked D.hesitated8.A.puzzled B.touched C.excited D.disappointed9.A.riskB.beauty C.cost D.duty10.A.devotion B.identity C.adventure D.happiness【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.A5.B6.A7.D8.C9.B10.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者為了鼓勵兒子嘗試新事物，在一次滑雪旅行中制定了一個“對一切說‘是’”的規(guī)則，并通過親身體驗來激勵兒子克服恐懼和嘗試新事物的故事?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望能找到一個方法來鼓勵他，而不是使用像“如果你不嘗試，你永遠不會知道你是否會喜歡它”這樣的老話。A.warn警告；B.award獎勵；C.order命令；D.encourage鼓勵。根據(jù)上文“My10-year-oldsonEgbertwasapickyeater-heonlyatechickennuggetsandyogurt-andunwillingtotrynewthings.(我的10歲兒子Egbert是個挑食者——他只吃雞塊和酸奶——而且不愿意嘗試新事物。)”可知，作者希望找到一種方法來激勵兒子嘗試新事物。故選D?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在我們?nèi)ヂ迳即壔┲?，我設(shè)定了一個規(guī)則：我們會對一切說“是”，包括新食物和新體驗。A.broke打破；B.set設(shè)定；C.changed改變；D.remembered記住。根據(jù)下文“arule:wewouldsayyestoeverything”可知，作者設(shè)定了一個規(guī)則。故選B?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，他評價說“還不錯”。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Clearly清楚地；C.Undoubtedly毫無疑問地；D.Surprisingly令人驚訝地。根據(jù)下文“herateditas“notbad””可知，挑剔的兒子嘗試新食物后的反應(yīng)令人吃驚。故選D?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這將是我們完全新的體驗，但我還是和他一起嘗試了，并且這次經(jīng)歷證明是非常愉快的。A.braved勇敢地面對；B.adjusted調(diào)整；C.missed錯過；D.discussed討論。根據(jù)下文“theexperienceprovedtobeadelight.”可知，作者和兒子勇敢地面對嘗試新事物。故選A?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我為自己嘗試新事物感到自豪。A.afraid害怕的；B.proud自豪的；C.nervous緊張的；D.respectful尊敬的。根據(jù)下文“ofmyselffortryingsomethingnew.”可知，作者對自己嘗試新事物感到自豪，beproudof“因……而自豪”。故選B?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們的暑假中，我們繼續(xù)堅持說“是”的傳統(tǒng)。A.tradition傳統(tǒng)；B.lesson教訓(xùn)；C.trend趨勢；D.celebration慶祝。根據(jù)上文“Wesaidyesfromthebeginningofourtrip.”可知，作者和兒子把說“是”變成一種傳統(tǒng)。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在懷俄明州科迪的比賽場上，當(dāng)被邀請加入騎馬比賽時，我和兒子都沒有猶豫。A.cared關(guān)心；B.agreed同意；C.panicked驚慌；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)上文“wecontinuedthe______ofsayingyes”可知，作者和兒子繼續(xù)嘗試新事物，沒有猶豫就接受了騎馬比賽的邀請。故選D?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我們沒有贏得獎品，但我們都在笑，滿身大汗，非常興奮。A.puzzled困惑的；B.touched感動的；C.excited興奮的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)上文“wewerebothlaughing,sweaty”可知，他們玩得很開心，感覺很興奮。故選C?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是在度假時說“是”的美麗之處：它將我們推出舒適區(qū)，盡管并不是總能對日常生活中一切都說“是”。A.risk冒險；B.beauty美好；C.cost成本；D.duty職責(zé)。根據(jù)下文“itpushesusoutofourcomfortzone,thoughit’snotalwayspossibletosayyestoeverythinginourdailylife.”可知，這里指的是說“是”的美好之處。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：培養(yǎng)一種冒險精神有助于我們充分體驗生活——即使有時我們會又冷又濕。A.devotion奉獻；B.identity身份；C.adventure冒險；D.happiness幸福。結(jié)合全文，文章主要講作者鼓勵兒子嘗試新事物，培養(yǎng)他敢于冒險的精神。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。TheChinesedelegation(代表團)concludedthe2024ParisOlympicswitharemarkableachievementof40goldmedals.404athletes____11____participatedin232eventsacross30sportswonatotalof91medals.Thisrepresentsa____12____(significance)breakthrough—Chineseathleteshavedemonstratedhugepotentialinsportswherewehavebeenlatestarters,whileholdingtheleadingpositionineventssuchasdivingandtabletennis.TheParisOlympicsprovidedaglobalplatformforChina____13____(show)itssportsmanship,confidenceandopenness.【答案】11.who12.significant13.toshow【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國代表團在2024年巴黎奧運會上的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)和成就。【11題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：404名運動員參加了30個大項中的232個小項比賽，共獲得了91枚獎牌。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞athletes。先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)該從句。故填who?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：這代表了一個重要的突破——中國運動員在我們起步較晚的項目中展現(xiàn)了巨大的潛力，同時在跳水和乒乓球等項目中保持領(lǐng)先地位。空處需要形容詞修飾后面的名詞作定語。significance的形容詞形式為significant“重要的”。故填significant。【13題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：巴黎奧運會為中國提供了一個向世界展示其體育精神、自信和開放的全球平臺。provideaplatformforsb.todosth.“為某人提供做某事的平臺”，不定式作后置定語。故填toshow。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Recently,Iattendedahighschoolreunion.AsIwalkedintotheroom,arushofemotionsovercameme.FacesthatIhadn’tseeninyears____14____(smile)backatme.Memoriesofcarefreedaysinouryouthfloodedback.Werecalledtheclasses,thesportseventsandthetricks.____15____thatwonderfulevening,wetalkedaboutourdreamswehadatthattimeand____16____lifehadunfoldedsince.Wereconnectedwitholdfriends,____17____(realize)thatthebondsofhighschoolstillheldstrong.【答案】14.weresmiling15.On16.how17.realizing【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者參加高中同學(xué)聚會時回憶起青春歲月，與老友重聚的情景?！?4題詳析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：多年未見的面孔對我微笑。根據(jù)AsIwalkedintotheroom可知，空處描述過去某個時間正在進行的動作，應(yīng)用過去進行時，句子主語Faces為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，be動詞用were。故填weresmiling?！?5題詳析】考查介詞。句意：在那個美好的晚上，我們談?wù)摿水?dāng)時的夢想以及自那以后生活是如何展開的。表示具體某一天的晚上，應(yīng)用介詞on，位于句首首字母大寫。故填On?！?6題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意同上?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，應(yīng)用連接副詞how“如何，怎樣”表達“生活是如何展開”，在賓語從句中作狀語。故填how。【17題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們與老朋友重新建立了聯(lián)系，意識到高中的紐帶依然堅固?？仗幵诰渲凶鞣侵^語，動詞realize與句子主語We構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語。故填realizing。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。NowhundredsofBaidu’sApolloGorobotaxisareoperatingonthestreetsofWuhan,Hubeiprovince.Thesevehicles,____18____(equip)withBaidu’slatesttechnologytokeepsafe,havebecomepopular.Peopleareattractedbythecompetitivepriceoffersandgoodservice.Andnewjob____19____(opportunity)willcomewiththerisingdemandforrobotaxis,suchascleaningandrepairing.However,robotaxishavealsoraisedpeople’sconcerns.Thus,moreefforts____20____(require)toenhanceself-drivingtestingandrelatedtechnology.【答案】18.equipped19.opportunities20.arerequired【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文，數(shù)百輛百度的ApolloGo機器人出租車在湖北武漢的街道上運行，這些車輛受到了廣泛歡迎，但是它們的出現(xiàn)也引起了人們的擔(dān)憂?！?8題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些裝備了百度最新的安全技術(shù)的車輛已經(jīng)變得很受歡迎。句子的謂語為havebecome，空為非謂語作狀語，vehicles與equip構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。故填equipped?！?9題詳析】考查名詞。句意：新的工作機會將隨著對機器人出租車（如清潔和修理）需求的增加而出現(xiàn)。opportunity為可數(shù)名詞，空處作主語，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指。故填opportunities。【20題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：因此，需要更多的努力來加強自動駕駛測試和相關(guān)技術(shù)?？仗幾髦^語，efforts與require構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，句子描述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)。故填arerequired。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADisinformation,whichisfalseinformationspreadonpurpose,hasbecomeacauseofconcernrecently.Inresponsetothisrisingglobalthreat,theUnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNIC)Canberraanditspartnerswillbeorganizingatwo-dayconference,DISINFOPACIFIC,onNovember11and12,2024.Theconferencewillfocusonstrategiesforpreventingandreducingdisinformation,aswellasapplyingbestpracticestoaddressthisglobalchallenge.Itaimstoprovideaforum(論壇)forjournalists,socialmediaexperts,educators,researchers,policy-makersandcommunicationsprofessionals,fromwithinandoutsidetheUN.Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.Requirements:·Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills·Professionalgraphic(繪圖的)designexperience·Priorinvolvementindesigningdocumentlayouts·In-depthfamiliaritywithgraphicdesignapps·WorkingknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageNote:Adegreeingraphicdesignorarelatedfieldisconsideredaplus.Responsibilities:·Developingacomprehensivesocialmediareleaseplan·Assistinginchoosingtherighttypesofmediaandupdatingconferenceinformationonadailybasis·Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements·Developingaseriesofsocialmediaresourcesoncethefinalconceptisagreedupon,withaparticularfocusonayouth(universitylevel)studentaudienceJoinusnowasasocialmediavolunteerandhelpbuildafuturewithlessdisinformation.YouwillalsohavetheopportunitytobuildconnectionswiththeUNICCanberraanditspartnersandlearnaboutthewaysinwhichsocialmediacommunicationcansupportthepromotionofaconferencecenteringondisinformation.Findoutmoreat/opportunities.21.Accordingtothepassage,volunteersshould.A.holdadegreeingraphicdesignB.beabletodevelopgraphicdesignappsC.haveagreatcommunicativecompetenceD.beasfluentinEnglishasnativespeakers22.Ifselected,volunteerswill.A.releaseaUNICworkplan B.helpdesignsocialmediaactivitiesC.evaluatethefinalconcept D.provideweeklymediaupdates23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteaconference. B.Toseekonlinevolunteers.C.Tohighlightaglobalthreat. D.Tointroduceanorganization.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國信息中心堪培拉分部組織的DISINFOPACIFIC會議，招募社交媒體志愿者的要求和職責(zé)?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Requirements:部分“Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills(出色的口頭和書面溝通技巧)”可知，志愿者應(yīng)具備良好的溝通能力。故選C?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Responsibilities:部分“Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements(與我們的通訊團隊合作，根據(jù)商定的要求創(chuàng)建社交媒體活動)”可知，志愿者將會幫助設(shè)計社交媒體活動。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文及文章第三段“Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.(目前，我們正在尋找社交媒體志愿者，為此次會議提供在線支持)”可知，本篇文章的主要目的是為DISINFOPACIFIC會議招募在線志愿者。故選B。BI’mwalkingaroundthehousewithaseverelimp(跛行)andactivelysecond-guessingeverydecisionI’veevermade.Thatcanonlymeanonething:Ijustranmyoneracefortheyear.The7-mileraceisinmyhometowninIllinois,andI’vebeendoingitalmosteveryyearsinceIwasa12-year-oldboy.Ireachedmypeakabout15yearsagoandhavebeenperformingpoorlyeversince.WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.Besides,Idon’tdislikethewholerace,justtherunningpart.IlikeseeingalltherunningclubmembersI’veknownsincechildhood,andIlovethefreebeerafterward.Runningisjustaminorblockonthewaytothegoodstuff.Thatday,Iwasaccompaniedtotheracebyagroupofthreeextremelyin-shapepeople.WeallliveinthesameIndianapolissuburb.Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三項全能運動).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.Ididn’tholdmuchhopefortherace—nooneputslesspressureonmethanme.Betweenmiles4and5,IfeltsogoodthatIwonderedwhyIonlydothisonceayear.ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.Still,IcanhonestlysayIgaveeverythingIhad.Myslow,plodding(步履艱難的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.Adaylater,evenasmyentirebodytellsmeI’manidiot,Ican’thelpbutfeelthattheracewasasuccess.I’vedecidedtokeepdoingthisraceaslongasmylegscansupportme.24.Theauthorrantheracebecause.A.hewantedtokeeptheoldcustom B.hewantedtocompetewithfriendsC.heintendedtobuilduphisbody D.heenjoyedlong-distancerunning25.Whydidtheauthormentionthein-shapepeople?A.Togivehisreasonforlowself-expectation.B.Toshowhisenvyoftheirathleticabilities.C.Toemphasizehisstrongwilltowintherace.D.Toexpresshisconfidenceinfinishingtherace.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorduringtherace?A.Hestruggledfrombeginningtoend.B.Hebrokehislegatthefinishingline.C.Heexperiencedpressurefromhimself.D.Hepushedhimselftothelimitstomakeit.27.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftertherace?A.Surprised. B.Satisfied. C.Regretful. D.Grateful.【答案】24.A25.A26.D27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者自己堅持參加每年在家鄉(xiāng)舉辦的7英里賽跑的經(jīng)歷，盡管跑步過程艱難且成績不佳，但因傳統(tǒng)、賽后社交及免費啤酒等因素，他依然視其為一種樂趣并決定繼續(xù)參加。【24題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.(如果我不再喜歡它，而且成績一年比一年差，我為什么還要繼續(xù)下去呢？主要是，傳統(tǒng)。)”可知，作者參加比賽是因為他想保持舊習(xí)俗。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三項全能運動).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.(這些人日復(fù)一日地騎行和跑步，里程數(shù)多達數(shù)百公里。其中一人已經(jīng)完成了數(shù)十場斯巴達勇士賽，這些比賽要求參賽者穿越泥潭，翻轉(zhuǎn)輪胎和投擲長矛。還有一個人正在為一場鐵人三項賽做準(zhǔn)備。除了在陸地、水域和騎行方面比我跑得快，他還能比我舉得更重。)”可知，作者描述了這些人與他的不同之處，比如他們騎行和跑步的距離更長，參加過斯巴達比賽，訓(xùn)練鐵人三項等，這些都表明他們比作者更有運動能力。因此，作者提到這些人是為了給自己的低期望找到合理的解釋。故選A?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.(當(dāng)我跑到6英里時，我的身體發(fā)出了警告。我逼著自己，直到我還剩一英里，這時我的腿覺得不行了。)”以及“Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.(決心和“我能行”的態(tài)度戰(zhàn)勝不了重力和距離。我筋疲力盡，慢慢地向終點線走去。)”可知，作者拼盡全力完成比賽，直到最后一英里腿已經(jīng)無法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比賽中竭盡全力。故選D?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Myslow,plodding(步履艱難的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.(我緩慢、步履艱難的完賽實際上是一場勝利，證明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一個巨大的杯子來紀(jì)念我的英雄事跡。我疼痛的膝蓋足以作為紀(jì)念。)”可知，盡管作者身體疼痛，但作者仍然認為比賽是成功的，因為他已經(jīng)竭盡全力，故推斷作者在比賽結(jié)束后是十分滿意的。故選B。CAspeciescanbetermedtemporarily“l(fā)ost”afternotbeingsightedforadecade,butresearchersstillhopetofinditagaineventually.In2023,thathopeledtotherediscoveryofAttenborough’sechidna,unseenforhalfacentury.Inspired,ThomasEvansandhisteamhavecreatedadatabaseof856lostand424rediscoveredspecies.Thedatabasekeepsgrowingfasterthanexplorerscankeepupwith,despiteincreasinglyadvancedtechnologiesfortracingunseencreaturesreachinganexpertiselevel.Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.Thus,Evanssaysifananimalisuptosnuffbutcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.Onthecontrary,animalsthatdon’texhibitthepatternforeasyrediscoveryareverymuchaliveoutthere.“Becausetheyaregenerallydifficulttocomeacrossandarethereforemetwithlessexploratoryattention,inmostcases,small,unattractivespeciesaremorelikelytobeseeminglyextinctbutstillalive,”Evanssays.EvanshopessuchdetailswillhelpconservationistslikeChristinaBiggs,whohasbeendrawinguponalistof25“mostwanted”speciesforTexas-basedcharityRe:wildsince2017.“Currenuly,Re:wildisfinalizingits2024searchlists,usingthestudy’sresults.Wehavetomakeharddecisionsonwheretoputourmoney,andEvans’sresearchhelpstodirectus,”saysBiggs.Butisitalwaysinalostspecies’bestinteresttobefound?Afterarediscovery,itcantakemonthstosecureanareafromhuntersortourists.“Inpublicizingsomethingyou’verediscovered,you’republicizingafoodsourceforhunters,”saysbiologistJamesKempton.Biggsnotes,however,rediscoveriesoftenstrengthenprotectionefforts.Whenaspeciesisrediscovered,protectedareaswillbemadepossible.Biggsaddsthatforsomehard-to-findspecies,researcherscoulduseEvans’sstudytodecideifacreatureislikelystillalive—andthendrawbroadprotectedareasarounditsgeneralregion,whereotherendangeredspeciesalsolive,ratherthansendpossiblyfruitlessexplorerstotheareatoprovetheanimal’sexistence.Beyondthescientificgains,searchingforlostspeciesplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingandprotectingourworld.Once,theYongsuSaparicommunityusedAttenborough’sechidnasasapeacetooltosettlearguments.“Ifbrothersfought,theyhadtofindanAttenborough’sechidna,asolutionthatisincreasinglydifficult,”Biggssays.“So,everythingisconnected.Everyspeciesbehavesinanecosystemandfulfillsapurpose.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“isuptosnuff”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Fitstheprofile. B.Adaptswell.C.Breaksthehabit. D.Growsmature.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Technologyhasreducedthenumberofmissingspecies.B.Publicizingrediscoverysecuresthefutureoflostspecies.C.Largeranimalsfaceahigherextinctionriskthansmallerones.D.Animalsneighboringhumansreceivemoreattentioninsearches.30.WhatmightChristinaBiggsagreewith?A.Thenumberofechidnaswillincreaseafteritsrediscovery.B.Exploratorymissionsmattermorethanhabitatpreservation.C.Extinctspeciescomewithbothecologicalandculturallosses.D.ThomasEvanshasinstructedRe:wildtoidentifythe25species.【答案】28.A29.D30.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了研究人員如何通過創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫來追蹤和重新發(fā)現(xiàn)“失聯(lián)”物種，并討論了重新發(fā)現(xiàn)物種對保護工作的影響以及公眾宣傳的雙刃劍效應(yīng)?！?8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前“Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.(研究表明，許多重新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種表現(xiàn)出相似的趨勢：它們通常是生活在人類附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳動物或鳥類，且多生活在較發(fā)達國家)”及劃線詞后“butcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.(但在長時間搜索后仍然不見蹤影，那么它可能已經(jīng)永遠消失了)”可知，如果一個動物符合重新被發(fā)現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即體型大、有吸引力、生活在人類附近或更發(fā)達的國家，但在長時間的搜尋后仍未被找到，那么它可能已經(jīng)永遠消失了。故劃線詞“isuptosnuff”與A項“符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”意義相近。故選A?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.Thus,Evanssaysifananimal

isuptosnuffbutcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.Onthecontrary,animalsthatdon’texhibitthepatternforeasyrediscoveryareverymuchaliveoutthere.“Becausetheyaregenerallydifficulttocomeacrossandarethereforemetwithlessexploratoryattention,inmostcases,small,unattractivespeciesaremorelikelytobeseeminglyextinctbutstillalive,”Evanssays.(研究表明，許多重新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種表現(xiàn)出相似的趨勢：它們通常是生活在人類附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳動物或鳥類，且多生活在較發(fā)達國家。因此，埃文斯說，如果一種動物符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但在長時間搜索后仍然不見蹤影，那么它可能已經(jīng)永遠消失了。相反，不符合容易重新發(fā)現(xiàn)模式的動物很可能仍然活著。“因為它們通常難以遇見，因此得到的探索關(guān)注較少，大多數(shù)情況下，小型、不吸引人的物種看起來已經(jīng)滅絕，但實際上仍然活著，”埃文斯說)”可知，人類相鄰的動物由于更容易被注意到和重新發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此它們受到的關(guān)注更多。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beyondthescientificgains,searchingforlostspeciesplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingandprotectingourworld.Once,theYongsuSaparicommunityusedAttenborough’sechidnasasapeacetooltosettlearguments.“Ifbrothersfought,theyhadtofindanAttenborough’sechidna,asolutionthatisincreasinglydifficult,”Biggssays.“So,everythingisconnected.Everyspeciesbehavesinanecosystemandfulfillsapurpose.(除了科學(xué)上的收獲，尋找失聯(lián)物種在理解和保護我們的世界中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。曾經(jīng)，YongsuSapari社區(qū)使用愛登堡針鼴作為一種和平工具來解決爭端。“如果兄弟們爭吵，他們必須找到一只愛登堡針鼴，但這種情況越來越難，”比格斯說。“所以，一切都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。每個物種在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中都有其行為和作用)”可知，比格斯會同意的觀點是：滅絕的物種不僅帶來生態(tài)上的損失，還有文化上的損失。故選C。DOverthesummer,theneuroscientistChristofKochaccepteddefeatonhis25-yearbetwiththephilosopherDavidChalmers,alostwagerthatthescienceofconsciousnesswouldbeallwrappedupbynow.Despitedecadesofresearch,there’slittlesignofsharedunderstandingonconsciousness,withseveralcompetingtheoriesstillbeingdebated.InmynewbookentitledWhy?Itakehead-onthequestionofwhyit’ssohardtomakeprogressonconsciousness.Thecoredifficultyisthatconsciousnesscannotbeeasilyobserved.Youcan’tlookinsidesomeone’sbrainandseetheirfeelingsandexperiences.Sciencedoesdealwiththingsthatcan’tbeobserved,suchasfundamentalparticles(粒子),quantumwavefunctions(量子波函數(shù)),andmaybeevenotheruniverses.Butconsciousnessposesanimportantdifference:inalloftheseothercases,wetheorizeaboutthingswecan’tobserveinordertoexplainwhatwecanobserve.Uniquelywithconsciousness,thethingwearetryingtoexplaincannotbepubliclyobserved.Howthencanweinvestigateconsciousness?Iarguethatwecanaccountfortheevolutionofconsciousnessonlyifwerejectreductionism(簡化論)aboutit.Mostconsciousnessresearchersemployareductionistviewoftheuniverse,wherephysicsisrunningtheshow.Thus,insofarastherearesomefuturepossibilitiesleftopenbythearrangementsofparticlesinourbrains,theyaresettledbynothingmorethantherandomchancinessimplicit(含蓄的)inquantummechanics.Somechallengeshaveemergedlatelytothisreductionistmodel.TheneuroscientistKevinMitchellarguesthatthefreewillofconsciousorganismsplaysaroleindeterminingwhatwillhappeninthebrain,overandabovewhatissettledbythelawsofphysics.Evolutionoffersoneofthestrongestchallenges.Naturalselectiononlycaresaboutbehavior,asit’sonlybehaviorthatmattersforsurvival.RapidprogressinAIandroboticshasmadeitclear,however,thatextremelycomplexbehaviourcanexistinasystemthatentirelylacksconsciousexperience.Foranyadaptivebehaviourassociatedwithconsciousness,therecouldbeanonconsciousmechanismthatinspiresthesamebehaviour.Giventhis,itisadeepmysterywhyconsciousnessevolvedatall.Butsupposetheemergenceofbiologicalconsciousnessbringsintoexistenceradicallynewformsofbehavior,overandabovewhatphysicsalonecouldproduce.Perhapsorganismsthathaveconsciousawarenessoftheworldaroundthem,andtherebyfreelyrespondbasedonthatawareness,behaveverydifferentlythanmeremechanisms.Consequently,theysurvivemuchbetter.Withtheseassumptions,wecanmakesenseofnaturalselection’spreferenceforconsciousorganisms.Asaphilosopher,inWhy?,Ideveloparadicalform—theviewthatconsciousnessgoesrightdowntothefundamentalbuildingblocksofreality—aimedataddressingthephilosophicalchallengesofconsciousness,aswellasprovidingaframeworkforscientiststomakeprogressonthescientificissues.Itisapincermovement(鉗形運動)ofscienceandphilosophythatwill,ultimately,crackthemysteryofconsciousness.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutconsciousnessfromthispassage?A.Consciousnessevolvesfrombehavior.B.Scientiststheorizeconsciousnesstoobserveit.C.Consciousnesslacksobservablephenomenatostudy.D.Quantumwavefunctionshelpexplainconsciousness.32.AsforKevinMitchell’sargument,theauthoris.A.supportive. B.disapproving. C.neutral. D.uncertain.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Physicists’researchesrejectreductionism.B.Brainworksindependentlyofthephysicsprinciples.C.Thenatureofconsciousnessrequiresfurtherinvestigation.D.Naturalselectionprovesreductionistviewsofconsciousness.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ADebateovertheNatureofConsciousness.B.ConsciousnessandBehavior:APhilosophicalPerspective.C.TheRoleofNaturalSelectioninConsciousnessDevelopment.D.BeyondReductionism:ExploringtheEvolutionofConsciousness.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹當(dāng)前意識研究領(lǐng)域面臨的困境、挑戰(zhàn)和新的探索方向，提出超越簡化論來解釋意識進化的新方向?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thecoredifficultyisthatconsciousnesscannotbeeasilyobserved.Youcan’tlookinsidesomeone’sbrainandseetheirfeelingsandexperiences.（核心困難在于意識不容易被觀察。你無法看到某人的大腦內(nèi)部，無法看到他們的情感和體驗。）”可知，意識在人腦內(nèi)部，不易被觀察，因此選項C“意識缺乏可觀察的現(xiàn)象用以研究”符合題意。故選C項?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“TheneuroscientistKevinMitchellarguesthatthefreewillofconsciousorganismsplaysaroleindeterminingwhatwillhappeninthebrain,overandabovewhatissettledbythelawsofphysics.（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家KevinMitchell認為，有意識生物體的自由意志在決定大腦中將發(fā)生什么方面起著作用，這超出了物理定律所決定的范圍。）”以及接下來的內(nèi)容“Giventhis,itisadeepmysterywhyconsciousnessevolvedatall.Butsupposetheemergenceofbiologicalconsciousnessbringsintoexistenceradicallynewformsofbehavior,overandabovewhatphysicsalonecouldproduce.（鑒于此，意識為何會進化仍然是一個深奧的謎團。但假設(shè)生物意識出現(xiàn)卻帶來了物理定律單獨作用之外的全新行為模式。）”，可以看出作者對于KevinMitchell的觀點是支持的。因此，選項A“支持的”符合題意。故選A項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章整體內(nèi)容，特別是第一段“Despitedecadesofresearch,there’slittlesignofsharedunderstandingonconsciousness,withseveralcompetingtheoriesstillbeingdebated.（盡管經(jīng)歷了幾十年的研究，但對意識的理解幾乎沒有達成共識的跡象，幾個相互對立的理論仍在爭論中。）”和最后一段“Itisapincermovement(鉗形運動)ofscienceandphilosophythatwill,ultimately,crackthemysteryofconsciousness.（科學(xué)和哲學(xué)的鉗形運動，最終將揭開意識的神秘面紗。）”可知，從文中可推斷出的是選項C的“意識的本質(zhì)需進一步研究”。故選C項。【34題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，特別是第四段“Howthencanweinvestigateconsciousness?Iarguethatwecanaccountfortheevolutionofconsciousnessonlyifwerejectreductionism(簡化論)aboutit.（那么我們?nèi)绾窝芯恳庾R呢？我認為，只有當(dāng)我們拒絕關(guān)于意識的簡化論時，我們才能解釋意識的進化。）”可知，文章主要討論了關(guān)于意識的研究和進化，特別是反對簡化論的觀點，并提出了一個關(guān)于意識進化的新框架。因此，最合適本文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是選項D的“超越簡化論：探索意識的進化”。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Consideringtheyaretheworld’smostnumerousareasofwater,itissurprisingthatpondsarepoorlyunderstood.Therearemillions—possiblybillions—ofthem.____35____Thisneglectmightnothavematteredifitwereno