河南省許昌市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中模擬測試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省許昌市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中模擬測試英語試題第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJoinaZionNationalParkranger(護(hù)林人)tolearnaboutwhatmakesZionNationalParkunique.Programsarefreeandcreatedforclassroomsandindividuals.Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.Registrationisopen!Clickontheprogrambelowformoreinformation.Program1—ChatwithaRangerInChatwithaRanger,studentslearnaboutZionNationalPark,theparkservice,andthelifeofaranger.Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.Thisprogramcanbeadaptedtofitdifferentcurriculumobjectives,andisappropriateforanyagegroup.Program2—PollinationInvestigationInthisdistancelearningprogram,studentswilldiscoverwhatpollinationisandhowimportantitistoallecosystems.Lookingattherelationshipbetweenplantsandpollinators,participantswillseehowtheyhaveinfluencedeachotherandwillbechallengedtocreatetheirownperfectpollinator.Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?WholeftthesecluesbehindhereinthehighcanyonsofZionNationalPark?Afeather,smallbones,andhoothootinginthetreescanbeheardasyourclassroomgoesonavirtualhikeofZiontodiscovertheMexicanspottedowl.Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.Program4—TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZionThisdistancelearningprogramfocusesontheplantsandanimalsthatliveinZion’svaryingecosystems.Studentswilllearnabouttheiradaptationsandrelationshipstoeachotherinthisinteractivelessonwithacreativeandcriticalthinkingactivity.1.Whichprogramrequiresparticipantstomakepreparationsinadvance?A.ChatwithaRanger. B.PollinationInvestigation.C.Whooo’sintheCanyon? D.TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZion.2.Whatcanparticipantslearnfromprogram3?A.Survivalstrategiestakenbyowlsinthepark. B.Waystoprepareahiketourinthepark.C.Threatsbroughtbythedesertenvironment. D.AvarietyofecosystemsinZionNationalPark.3.Whatdothelistedprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolveinteractiveactivities.B.Theyincludeavirtualtourofdifferenttrails.C.Theyareaccessiblethroughweb-basedprogram.D.Theyrequireparticipantstovisittheparkinperson.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)可用于了解ZionNationalPark的學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Program1—ChatwithaRanger部分“Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.(學(xué)生提前準(zhǔn)備并發(fā)送問題。)”可知,該項(xiàng)目要求參與者提前準(zhǔn)備問題，故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?部分“Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.(了解貓頭鷹是如何用它特殊的適應(yīng)能力在沙漠環(huán)境中生存的。)”可知,參與者在第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目中能了解到貓頭鷹的生存策略，故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.(我們通過免費(fèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)程序連接到您學(xué)?；蛘吣摇Ｄ鷮⑼ㄟ^電子郵件邀請?zhí)崆矮@得視頻會(huì)議的鏈接。)”可知,這四個(gè)項(xiàng)目可從網(wǎng)絡(luò)程序中獲取。故選C。BOnahotJunedayin2015,Iretiredafter34yearsofteachinghighschool.Then,Idrovetomeetmynewpianoteacher,Mark.IhadworkedformorethanthreedecadesasabusyEnglishteacherwithanendlessstreamofpaperstomarkandpreciouslittletimetoexperimentorlearnnewskills.IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.ItoldMarkIhadaspecificconcretegoal:toplayClairdelunebyClaudeDebussy,apieceIrememberhearingfromearlychildhood.DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.Afterthat,myprogresswaspainfullyslow.Ihadcometohatehearingmyselfplaymusicbadly.Igotnopleasurefromtheactofmissingnotes.IbeganfocusingonwhatfewthingsIcoulddo:gardeningandcycling.IcametounderstandthatIdidn’thavetobethatmanI’dalwaysthoughtIoughttobe.Icouldjustdowhatfeelsgood.So,afternearlyfiveyearsoflessons,Iquit.Istilllovemusic;Iregularlygoouttoconcerts.Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.AndI’mperfectlyhappywiththat.4.Whydidtheauthorlearnthepianoafterretiringfromteaching?A.Toimpresshisfriendsandrelatives. B.Toavoidtheboredomofretirement.C.Tostartanewcareerasaconcertpianist. D.Topursuealong-timepassionformusic.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Theauthorattendedaconcertofpianomusic.B.Theauthorperformedsuccessfullydespiteafewerrors.C.Theauthorfeltembarrassedabouthispianoperformance.D.Theauthorquithispianoimmediatelyafterhis60thbirthday.6.Whatdoestheauthordowithhispianonow?A.Heusesitformusiclessons. B.Heusesitforperformance.C.Heusesitforsomethingunrelatedtomusic. D.Heplaysitforpersonalenjoymentoccasionally.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Inner-directedandhardworking. B.Conventionalandcareless.C.Ambitiousandkind-hearted. D.Lazyandpessimistic.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從最初對鋼琴技藝的執(zhí)著追求，到隨后的放下，最終在園藝和騎行中獲得滿足的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我決心彌補(bǔ)我所失去的一切。我想最終掌握鋼琴，學(xué)習(xí)如何制作音樂)”可知，作者在退休后學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴是為了追求對音樂的長期熱愛。故選D。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.(我下定決心，總有一天我能完全掌握這首曲子，于是給自己定了一個(gè)最后期限：在我60歲生日那天，我要在一群朋友的聚會(huì)上表演。幾個(gè)月來，我除了拼命練習(xí)什么也沒做。那天，大約有30個(gè)親戚朋友擠在我的餐廳里聽我演奏，除了一些小失誤外，我設(shè)法做到了，沒有讓自己尷尬。人們熱烈鼓掌。我做到了。我已經(jīng)接受了挑戰(zhàn)，但我仍然不覺得我真的在“做音樂”)”可知，盡管有一些小的失誤，作者仍出色地完成了表演。故選B。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.(但現(xiàn)在，我的鋼琴除了靜靜地坐在我的餐廳里，展示家庭照片和收集灰塵之外，什么也不做)”可知，作者的鋼琴現(xiàn)在被放在餐廳里，積滿了灰塵。即作者用鋼琴做了一些與音樂無關(guān)的事情。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我決心彌補(bǔ)我所失去的一切。我想最終掌握鋼琴，學(xué)習(xí)如何制作音樂)”以及第四段“FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.(幾個(gè)月來，我除了拼命練習(xí)什么也沒做)”可知，作者是一個(gè)有決心且努力奮進(jìn)的人。故選A。CWhenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.ThenewfindingswerepublishedinScienceAdvancesonJuly17,2024.TheteamshowedthatthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium,whichisfoundinoceansaroundtheworld,regularlyperformsamixofbothphotosynthesisanddirecteatingofcarbonfromorganicsourcessuchasplankton(浮游生物).Inmorethan70%ofthewatersamplestheresearchersanalyzedfromoceansaroundtheworld,theteamfoundsignsofsimultaneousphotosynthesisanddirectorganiccarbonconsumptionfromCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteamalsoshowedthatthisdiatomspeciescangrowmuchfasterwhenconsumingorganiccarboninadditiontophotosynthesis.Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.Thisworkisbasedonagenome-scalemetabolicmodelingapproachthattheteamusedtorevealthemetabolismofthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteam’snewmetabolicmodelingdatasupportrecentlabexperimentssuggestingthatsomediatomsmayrelyonstrategiesotherthanphotosynthesistointakethecarbontheyneedtosurvive,thriveandbuildbiomass.TheUCSanDiegoledteamisintheprocessofexpandingthescopeoftheprojecttodeterminehowwidespreadthisnon-photosyntheticactivityisamongotherdiatomspecies.8.What’snewaccordingtotheresearch?A.Thewayofthediatom’scarbonaccumulation. B.Theimpactofclimateondiverseseaplants.C.Theprocedureofexploringcarbon. D.Thesystemofbuildingbiomass.9.Whatdothenewfindingsmakeresearchersmorefocuson?A.Thecausesofclimatechange. B.Thegraspofthecarboncycle.C.Thebadeffectofphotosynthesisondiatoms. D.Aroughestimateoftheamountofcarbondioxide.10.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?A.Alargenumberofdiatomsmayfeedonbacteria.B.Thediatomlivesonplankton.C.Watersamplesarekeyfactorsfortheresearch.D.Diatomspeciesgrowfasterwithsufficientsunlight.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PhotosynthesisinDiatoms B.Plankton’sRoleinOceansC.NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms D.AdvancesinModelingData【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——海洋硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機(jī)碳來構(gòu)建生物量?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(當(dāng)談到生活在海洋中的硅藻時(shí)，新的研究表明光合作用并不是積累碳的唯一策略。相反，這些單細(xì)胞生物也通過直接以海洋中的有機(jī)碳為食來產(chǎn)生生物量。)”可知，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機(jī)碳來構(gòu)建生物量。這說明硅藻積累碳的方式是新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.

(這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致研究人員減少他們對硅藻通過光合作用從空氣中吸收多少二氧化碳的估計(jì)，這反過來又可以更深入地了解全球碳循環(huán)，這與氣候變化尤其相關(guān)。)”可知，這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致研究人員減少他們對硅藻通過光合作用從空氣中吸收二氧化碳量的估計(jì)，轉(zhuǎn)而更加關(guān)注全球碳循環(huán)的理解。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.(此外，這項(xiàng)新的研究暗示了一種可能性，即特定種類的細(xì)菌直接為生活在全球海洋中的大部分硅藻提供有機(jī)碳)”可知，大量的硅藻可能以細(xì)菌為食。故選A。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻類)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(當(dāng)談到生活在海洋中的硅藻時(shí)，新的研究表明光合作用并不是積累碳的唯一策略。相反，這些單細(xì)胞生物也通過直接以海洋中的有機(jī)碳為食來產(chǎn)生生物量。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了硅藻在積累碳方面新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即硅藻不僅通過光合作用積累碳，還通過直接攝取海水中的有機(jī)碳來構(gòu)建生物量。這是硅藻在碳積累方面的新策略，因此最適合的標(biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms(硅藻中的新碳策略)”。故選C。DAccordingtoareportin2023,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendedthatnon-sugarsweetenersnotbeusedasameansofachievingweightcontrolorreducingtheriskofdiseases.Theguidelinecameasasurprise.Afterall,theverypurposeofnon-sugarsweeteners-whichcontainlittletonocalories—istohelpconsumerscontroltheirweightandreducetheirriskofdiseasebyreplacingsugar.Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.Randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)telladifferentstoryaboutnon-sugarsweeteners.Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect.Theyshowthatsweetenersmodestlybenefitweightlossandhelpcontrolbloodsugar,withoutthenegativeeffectsseeninobservationalresearch.ThedownsideofRCTsisthattheyareshorterinduration,oftenlastingjustafewmonths.Sonegativeeffectscouldappearafterlongeruseandwewouldn’tbeabletotellfromtheseRCTs.Butwealsocan’ttellfromobservationalstudies,whichonlymeasurecorrelationandnotcausality(因果關(guān)系).Changingthecurrentsituationmightbehard,though.RCTsareexpensiveandrequirerecruitingparticipants,settingupdietplans,andregularlymeasuringsubjects’healthoutcomes.Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.12.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“fendoff”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Putout. B.Defendagainst. C.Keepup. D.Counton.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheWHO’ssuggestionsonobservationalstudies.B.Thestrategiestodecidecauseandeffectinconductingstudies.C.Thesignificanceofcontrollingvariablesinobservationalstudies.D.ThelimitationsoftheobservationalstudiesintheWHOreport.14.WhatisafeatureofRCTsaccordingtothetext?A.Theycostlittle. B.Theytendtolastlong.C.Theycancontrolvariablesanddeterminecausality. D.Theyrequireparticipantstoself-reportrelateddata.15.HowshouldthegovernmenthelpRCTs?A.Bymakingappropriateplans. B.Byprovidingfinancialsupport.C.Byraisingpeople’sawarenessofhealth. D.Byfoundingmorerelatedgovernmentagencies.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】本文的體裁是一篇說明文。它主要解釋了世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）關(guān)于非糖甜味劑使用的推薦，并詳細(xì)分析了支持這一推薦的研究證據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究的局限性?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?(在報(bào)告中，世界衛(wèi)生組織引用了長期使用非糖甜味劑與糖尿病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)的證據(jù)。非糖甜味劑是如何與它們本應(yīng)fendoff的負(fù)面健康影響聯(lián)系在一起的？)”可知，非糖甜味劑與糖尿病和增加死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)，即它們本應(yīng)“防御”的負(fù)面健康影響有關(guān)，這里的fendoff應(yīng)理解為“防御，抵擋”或“對抗”。A.Putout撲滅；B.Defendagainst防御，抵抗；C.Keepup跟上，趕上；D.Counton指望，依靠。故選B。【13題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.(世衛(wèi)組織在審查了數(shù)百項(xiàng)已發(fā)表的研究后提出了這一建議。問題是這些研究絕大多數(shù)是觀察性的。在這樣的研究中，受試者傾向于自我報(bào)告他們的食物攝入量，這可能不能保證不準(zhǔn)確。更重要的是，觀察性研究不能確定因果關(guān)系。是無糖甜味劑導(dǎo)致糖尿病，還是有患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人更容易食用它們？最后，在這些研究中，有許多研究人員無法控制的變量可能會(huì)影響結(jié)果。)”可知，這一段主要講述了WHO報(bào)告中觀察性研究的局限性，包括自報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)不準(zhǔn)確的問題和無法確定因果關(guān)系的問題，故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect(這些研究通過將人們隨機(jī)分配到治療組或?qū)φ战M來控制變量，他們可以確定因果關(guān)系。他們表明，甜味劑對減肥有一定的好處，有助于控制血糖，沒有觀察性研究中看到的負(fù)面影響。隨機(jī)對照試驗(yàn)的缺點(diǎn)是持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，通常只持續(xù)幾個(gè)月。)”可知，RCTs能夠控制變量并確定因果關(guān)系，故選C?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.(要想發(fā)生改變，可能需要從最高層開始，那里的科學(xué)是由政府機(jī)構(gòu)資助的，它們?yōu)檠芯繐芸顢?shù)十億美元，應(yīng)該開始優(yōu)先考慮RCTs。)”可知，政府應(yīng)該通過提供財(cái)政支持來幫助RCTs，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Tomakescience’sstoriesmoreconcreteandengaging,it’simportanttousesomeeffectivestrategies.Herearefourofthem.PutpeopleinthestoryScience’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.___16___.Characterscanbealsopeopleaffectedbyascientifictopic,orinterestedinlearningmoreaboutit.Besides,theycanbestorytellerswhoaresharingtheirpersonalexperiences.___17___Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏見).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.___18___.Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.IncludewhatpeoplecareaboutScientifictopicsareimportant,buttheymaynotalwaysbethepublic’smostpressingconcerns.InApril2024,apollingcompanyfoundthat“thequalityoftheenvironment”wasoneofthelowest-rankedprioritiesamongpeopleintheUS.Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.___19___.Tellscience’sstoriesScientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.___20___.Thinkaboutallofastory’scharacteristics—character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent-andhowyoumightincorporatethemintothetopic.A.ExplainscienceasaprocessB.ShootattractiveshortsciencevideosC.ScientiststhemselvescanactuallybecomeidealonesD.ThispracticeistostresswhythecontentisimportantE.YoucantellgrowthstoriesofremarkableteenagescientistsF.SciencecommunicatorscanemphasizehowscienceisconductedG.Youmayaswellborrowfeaturesfromstoriestostrengthenyourmessage【答案】16.C17.A18.F19.D20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種使科學(xué)故事更具體且引人入勝的策略?！?6題詳析】上文“Science’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.(科學(xué)的故事往往缺乏人物角色。)”說明科學(xué)的故事缺乏人物角色?？仗庬樈由衔?，應(yīng)介紹科學(xué)故事中的人物可以是誰。C項(xiàng)中的idealones指代前文中的humancharacters，說明C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家本身可以成為理想的人物角色”，符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳析】下文“Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏見).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.(人們通常認(rèn)為科學(xué)是客觀和公正的。但實(shí)際上，科學(xué)是一種不斷涉及選擇、失誤和偏見的人類活動(dòng)。如果你把科學(xué)解釋為一個(gè)過程，你可以帶領(lǐng)人們了解科學(xué)研究的步驟以及研究人員為何會(huì)得出特定的結(jié)論。)”說明本段主要介紹了如果把科學(xué)解釋成一個(gè)過程，你可以帶領(lǐng)人們了解科學(xué)是如何進(jìn)行的。A項(xiàng)“將科學(xué)解釋為一個(gè)過程?！边m合作本段的主旨句，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段。故選A?！?8題詳析】下文“Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.(他們還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)為什么人們應(yīng)該信任科學(xué)的過程，因?yàn)檫@一過程能夠在現(xiàn)有信息的基礎(chǔ)上提供盡可能準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)論。)”說明科學(xué)傳播者可以讓人們信任科學(xué)的過程。空處和下文并列說出科學(xué)傳播者的作用。下文中的they指代F項(xiàng)中的Sciencecommunicators，說明科學(xué)傳播者可以強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)是如何進(jìn)行的，也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)為什么人們應(yīng)該信任科學(xué)的過程。所以F項(xiàng)“科學(xué)傳播者可以強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)是如何進(jìn)行的”符合語境。故選F。【19題詳析】上文“Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.(關(guān)于環(huán)境的故事可能會(huì)與更高優(yōu)先級的話題交織在一起。)”說明關(guān)于環(huán)境的故事可以與更高優(yōu)先級的主題聯(lián)系起來。空處指出這樣的目的。D項(xiàng)中的“Thispractice”指代前文中的“將環(huán)境故事與更高優(yōu)先級主題聯(lián)系起來”這一做法，說明D項(xiàng)“這樣做是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的重要性?！狈险Z境。故選D?！?0題詳析】上文“Scientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.(當(dāng)然，科學(xué)家可以成為科學(xué)傳播者，但每個(gè)人都可以講述科學(xué)的故事。當(dāng)我們在網(wǎng)上分享有關(guān)健康的信息，或與朋友和家人談?wù)撎鞖鈺r(shí)，我們?yōu)閭鞑ビ嘘P(guān)科學(xué)主題的信息做出了貢獻(xiàn)。)”說明我們每個(gè)人通過分享日常生活中的信息，都可以成為科學(xué)傳播者?？仗庬樈忧拔模鱿挛?，指出如何做來強(qiáng)化信息的傳遞。G項(xiàng)中的“borrowfeaturesfromstories”和下文中的“astory’scharacteristics-character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent”相呼應(yīng)，所以G項(xiàng)“你也不妨借用故事的特點(diǎn)來加強(qiáng)你的信息”符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2018,MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.Shewas___21___.Inthefirstseveralweeksafterhispassing,herfriendsandfamily___22___agreatdealofsupport.Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto___23___.“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal___24___.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff,”Bakerrecalled.ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto___25___thehelpforanentireyear.Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.Vailgatheredthenamesof31ofBaker’sfriendswhowantedtohelp,and___26___eachfriendaparticularday.VailalsogaveBakerthenamesonthe___27___,soBakercouldknowwhatto___28___eachday.“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome___29___ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”Bakersaid.Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s____30____wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath,becauseshewas____31____atthattime.“Alotofpeoplearereallyuncomfortablearound____32____,”Bakersaid.“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,thatthey____33____donothing.Itwasnicetohavethat‘CalendarGirls’setup.”Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough____34____.Inhardtimes,sheknowshow____35____itistohavesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.21.A.cautious B.unconscious C.desperate D.impassive22.A.extended B.demanded C.announced D.assumed23.A.passdown B.showup C.breakup D.slowdown24.A.exercise B.routine C.diet D.growth25.A.resist B.continue C.explain D.test26.A.ordered B.sent C.owed D.assigned27.A.furniture B.file C.calendar D.Internet28.A.expect B.absorb C.propose D.define29.A.rare B.strange C.specific D.generous30.A.curiosity B.thoughtfulness C.ambition D.toughness31.A.innocent B.optimistic C.tolerant D.lonely32.A.panic B.evidence C.failure D.grief33.A.simply B.hardly C.skillfully D.secretly34.A.distraction B.addiction C.loss D.annoyance35.A.amusing B.valuable C.astonishing D.universal【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.C30.B31.D32.D33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了2018年3月，MollyBaker在一次滑雪事故中失去了丈夫，為了繼續(xù)幫助她，Baker的朋友CarlaVail想出了一個(gè)辦法，幫她度過了艱難的一年?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：MollyBaker在2018年因?yàn)橐粓鰢?yán)重的滑雪事故不幸失去了她的丈夫。她當(dāng)時(shí)很絕望。A.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；B.unconscious無意識(shí)的；C.desperate絕望的；D.impassive冷漠的。根據(jù)上文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此一定非常絕望。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在他去世后的頭幾周，她的朋友和家人給予了她很大的支持。A.extended延伸，提供，表示；B.demanded要求；C.announced宣布；D.assumed認(rèn)為。根據(jù)前文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此家人和朋友提供了很大的支持。extendsupport意為“提供幫助”。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：但過了一段時(shí)間，卡片和飯菜開始減少了。A.passdown傳下來；B.showup出現(xiàn)；C.breakup分手；D.slowdown減速，減少。根據(jù)下文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.”可知，人們要回歸正常生活，所以給MollyBaker的幫助就減少了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們必須回歸他們正常的日常生活。A.exercise練習(xí)；B.routine常規(guī)；C.diet飲食；D.growth生長。根據(jù)上文“Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto______.”可知，過了一段時(shí)間，卡片和飯菜開始減少了，是因?yàn)槿藗円貧w他們正常的日常生活。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，Baker的一位朋友CarlaVail想出了一個(gè)辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年。A.resist抵抗；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.explain解釋；D.test測試。根據(jù)下文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一個(gè)辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年，并稱之為“日歷女孩”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Vail收集了31個(gè)想要幫忙的Baker的朋友的名字，并給每個(gè)朋友分配了一個(gè)特定的日期。A.ordered命令；B.sent發(fā)送；C.owed欠（債等）；D.assigned分配。根據(jù)下文“eachfriendaparticularday”可知，Vail給每個(gè)朋友分配了一個(gè)特定的日期。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Vail還把名字寫在日歷上，這樣Baker就可以知道每天該期待什么了。A.furniture家具；B.file文件；C.calendar日歷；D.Internet因特網(wǎng)。根據(jù)上文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”以及下文“soBakercouldknowwhatto______eachday.”可知，Vail稱之為“日歷女孩”，故指還把名字寫在日歷上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.expect期望；B.absorb吸收；C.propose建議；D.define定義。根據(jù)下文“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome______ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”可知，MollyBaker可以在那一天以特定的方式收到卡片或者短信，因此MollyBaker可以根據(jù)日歷知道每天該期待什么。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“對他們來說，那一天的樣子就是他們會(huì)以某種特定的方式聯(lián)系我——也許是通過短信或賀卡，”Baker說。A.rare稀有的；B.strange奇怪的；C.specific特定的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)下文的解釋“—maybeviatext,oracard”可知，MollyBaker的朋友們會(huì)以特定的方式聯(lián)系她，比如發(fā)短信或者寄賀卡。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：回想起來，Baker覺得Vail的體貼對她應(yīng)對丈夫的去世至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)她很孤獨(dú)。A.curiosity好奇心；B.thoughtfulness體貼；C.ambition雄心；D.toughness堅(jiān)韌。根據(jù)上文“ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto______thehelpforanentireyear.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一個(gè)辦法，讓這種幫助持續(xù)整整一年，所以Baker覺得Vail的體貼對她應(yīng)對丈夫的去世至關(guān)重要。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.innocent無辜的；B.optimistic樂觀的；C.tolerant寬容的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)上文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff”可知，當(dāng)MollyBaker的朋友都回歸自己的生活時(shí)，她很孤獨(dú)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“很多人在悲傷面前真的很不舒服，”Baker說。A.panic恐慌；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.failure失敗；D.grief悲傷。根據(jù)上文“Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s______wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，所以她的朋友們面對的是她的悲傷。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“所以他們所做的就是什么都不做。擁有’日歷女孩’這個(gè)設(shè)置很好。”A.simply簡單地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.skillfully熟練地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)上文“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,”可知，很多人在悲傷面前真的很不舒服，所以他們只是什么都不做。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，Baker試圖為她那些經(jīng)歷失去的朋友做一些類似的事情。A.distraction分心；B.addiction上癮；C.loss損失；D.annoyance煩惱。根據(jù)空前“Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough”可知，MollyBaker現(xiàn)在會(huì)做類似的事來幫助那些與她同樣經(jīng)歷失去的朋友。故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在艱難的時(shí)刻，她知道每天都能有事情可期待是多么有價(jià)值。A.amusing有趣的；B.valuable有價(jià)值的；C.astonishing令人驚訝的；D.universal普遍的。根據(jù)下文“havesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.”可知，在艱難的時(shí)刻，每天都能有事情可期待是有價(jià)值的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____36____wo