山東省濟(jì)南市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省濟(jì)南市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AArecentlandingonthemoonhasawakenedorrenewedpeople’senthusiasmforthestarsandspaceexploration.Herearefourtripideastoinspirethosewould-beastronautsandastronomers.KennedySpaceCenter,AmericaTheNASA-operatedKennedySpaceCenterisamustforambitiousastronautsandspace-lovers.Hands-onexperiencesrangefromlivepresentationsdeliveredbyastronautstothenewAstronautTrainingExperienceCenter.Childrenaged10to17canexperiencespacewalkingandexploringMars.NorthYorkMoors,EnglandAsanInternationalDarkSkyReserveintheworld,thislovelypartofYorkshire,EnglandishosttotheUK’sfamily-friendlyNationalParksDarkSkiesfestival.WelltimedtothelatterpartofautumnhalfterminEngland,thefestivalincludesbat-boxmaking,eveningswithwinterbirdsandmoonlitcoastalwalks.PicduMidi,FranceTherearefewobservatorieswhereyoucanobservestarsbeforeretiringtoacomfortablecabinandwatchthesunrise.GettingtothePicduMidiObservatoryisalsoanadventurebyitself,involvingarideontwocable-carsuptoa2,877-meter-highmountain.TheguidedastronomysessionshelpkidsdiscoverSaturn(土星)anditsringsviapowerfultelescopes.MountTeide,SpainHometothelargestsolarobservatoryintheworld,itsitsonSpain’shighestmountain.Ridethecable-carupforascientist-ledtour,whichincludesthechancetoobservetheSunthroughhand-heldsolartelescopes.Thespecialfamilytourincludesanattractive90-minuteworkshopexploringhowobservatoryphysicistscarryouttheirresearch.1.Whichtripsuitstheteenagersexpectingaface-to-facecontactwithastronauts?A.KennedySpaceCenter. B.NorthYorkMoors.C.MountTeide. D.PicduMidi.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonatriptoYorkshire?A.Attendlivepresentations. B.ObservetheringsofSaturn.C.Enjoytheseaviewatnight. D.Learnaboutphysicists’work.3.WhatdoPicduMidiandMountTeidehaveincommon?A.Theyaccommodatefamilytourists.B.Theyincludeatourledbyscientists.C.Theyofferfreehand-heldtelescopes.D.Theyarelocatedonhighmountains.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章為那些對(duì)太空和天文感興趣的人提供四個(gè)旅行建議。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題KennedySpaceCenter,America下的“Hands-onexperiencesrangefromlivepresentationsdeliveredbyastronautstothenewAstronautTrainingExperienceCenter.(親身體驗(yàn)的范圍從宇航員的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演講到新的宇航員培訓(xùn)體驗(yàn)中心)”可知，KennedySpaceCenter適合那些期待與宇航員面對(duì)面接觸的青少年。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題NorthYorkMoors,England下的“WelltimedtothelatterpartofautumnhalfterminEngland,thefestivalincludesbat-boxmaking,eveningswithwinterbirdsandmoonlitcoastalwalks.(這個(gè)節(jié)日恰逢英國(guó)秋季半學(xué)期的后半段，活動(dòng)內(nèi)容包括制作蝙蝠盒、觀賞冬鳥(niǎo)和在月光下漫步海濱)”可知，游客去約克郡旅行可以欣賞晚上的海景。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題PicduMidi,France下的“GettingtothePicduMidiObservatoryisalsoanadventurebyitself,involvingarideontwocable-carsuptoa2,877-meter-highmountain.(前往PicduMidi天文臺(tái)本身也是一次冒險(xiǎn)，需要乘坐兩輛纜車(chē)到達(dá)2877米高的山峰)”以及小標(biāo)題MountTeide,Spain下的“Hometothelargestsolarobservatoryintheworld,itsitsonSpain’shighestmountain.(它坐落在西班牙最高的山上，是世界上最大的太陽(yáng)天文臺(tái)的所在地)”可知，PicduMidi和MountTeide的共同之處是他們都位于高山上。故選D項(xiàng)。BArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.Atjust14yearsold,HemanBekeleemergedasthevictorofthe2023YoungScientistChallenge,standingoutamongthetenfinalistswithhisinnovativecreationknownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).Bekele’sbrilliantconceptcentersonthedevelopmentofasoapthatisnotonlyaffordable,butalsohasthepotentialtoreactivatethebody’snaturaldefendersoftheskintostopskincancer.InBekele’sownwords,“Curingcancer,onebarofsoapatatime.”Healwayshasendlesspassionforbiologyandtechnology,andtheYoungScientistChallengejustprovidedhimwiththeperfectplatformtodisplayhisideas.Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.“Iwantedtomakemyideanotonlyscientificallyexceptionalbutalsoaccessibletoabroadaudience,”Bekeleexpressedduringaninterviewwiththemedia.HereceivedinvaluableguidancefromDeborahIsabelle,aproductengineeringspecialist,whoconnectedhimwithotherscientiststoaidhiminreachinghisambitiousplans.Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”O(jiān)verthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.4.WhatmadeBekeleaninstanthit?A.Startingasoapfashion. B.Overcomingskincancer.C.Beingtheyoungestscientist. D.Creatingasoapagainstskincancer.5.WhatinspiredBekeletoinventSCTS?A.Hisconcernforothers. B.Hisadventureinchildhood.C.Hisenthusiasmfortechnology. D.Hisinterestinmedicalknowledge.6.WhatwillBekeledointhenearfuture?A.Obtainofficialapproval. B.Visitundevelopedareas.C.Increasetheavailabilityofthesoap. D.Updatethefacilitiesofproduction.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBekele?A.Inspiringandmodest. B.Humorousandpositive.C.Creativeandconsiderate. D.Curiousandindependent.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位14歲來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱(chēng)號(hào)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國(guó)維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱(chēng)號(hào)，因?yàn)樗拈_(kāi)創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”可知，HemanBekele發(fā)明了一種對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂，一炮而紅。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Reflectingonhisinspiration,Bekelesharedthathischildhoodplayedasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeopleworktirelesslyunderthesun,hecouldn’thelpbutwonderhowmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithconstantsunexposure.(在反思他的靈感時(shí)，Bekele分享了他的童年在塑造他的創(chuàng)新思維方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。目睹人們?cè)陉?yáng)光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意識(shí)到持續(xù)暴露在陽(yáng)光下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知，Bekele對(duì)別人的關(guān)心激發(fā)了他發(fā)明SCTS。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Duringhispresentation,Bekelepassionatelyexpressedhisvisionofturningthesoapinto“asymbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithinreachforall.”(在他的演講中，Bekele熱情地表達(dá)了他的愿景，即把這種肥皂變成“希望、可及性的象征，以及一個(gè)人人都能接受皮膚癌治療的世界?！?”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來(lái)的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達(dá)的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)用的解決方案)”可知，Bekele希望建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，將他的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達(dá)社區(qū)，為對(duì)抗皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)際解決方案，即增加肥皂的可獲得性。故選C。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ArisingstarfromVirginiahassecuredthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”forhisgroundbreakingcreation—abarofsoapdesignedtobattleagainstskincancer.

(美國(guó)維吉尼亞州一顆冉冉升起的新星獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖青年科學(xué)家”的稱(chēng)號(hào)，因?yàn)樗拈_(kāi)創(chuàng)性發(fā)明——一種可以對(duì)抗皮膚癌的肥皂)”以及最后一段“Overthecomingfiveyears,Bekelelongstoperfecthisinventionandestablishanonprofitorganizationdevotedtodistributinghisinnovativecreationtomoreplacesincludingundevelopedcommunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthefightagainstskincancer.(在接下來(lái)的五年里，Bekele渴望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，致力于將他的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明分發(fā)到更多的地方，包括不發(fā)達(dá)的社區(qū)，為抗擊皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)用的解決方案)”可知，文章介紹了一位14歲來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學(xué)家HemanBekele，他通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國(guó)頂尖年輕科學(xué)家”的稱(chēng)號(hào)。未來(lái)五年里，Bekele希望完善他的發(fā)明，并建立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，將這種創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品分發(fā)到更多地方，包括欠發(fā)達(dá)社區(qū)，為對(duì)抗皮膚癌提供希望和實(shí)際解決方案。由此推知，他一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力和體貼的人。故選C。CIntheanimalworld,speedisking.Fastanimalshavealegupinoutrunningotheranimals,whichputsthemhighonthefoodchain.Itwouldseemthatallanimalswouldgoforspeed,butthenthere’sthesloth(樹(shù)懶).Whilealioncangofrom0to60milesanhourinonlyfiveseconds,ittakesaslothalldaytocovernomorethan50meters.Slothsliveentirelyintreesonadietofleaves.Andforthis,theyareextremelyrare.Whilemostofthelandworldiscoveredintrees,thereareveryfewvertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)thatcallthetreehome.Theaimofa2016study,saysJonathanPauli,aUniversityofAlabamaprofessorofforestandwildlifeecology,wastohelpuncoverwhyslothsareindeedsounique.“Amongvertebrates,thisistherarestoflifestyles”,saysPauli.“Whenyoupictureanimalsthatliveoffplantleaves,theyarealmostallbig-thingslikedeer.What’ssuperinterestingaboutslothsisthattheycan’tbebig.”Fortheirresearch,PauliandhisWisconsinteamstudiedwildslothsatafieldsite.Whentheresearchersmeasuredtheenergyuseofsloths,theyfoundawildlylowburningofaslittleas110caloriesofenergyaday.Andforthis,theytakethecake:itisthelowestmeasuredenergeticoutputforanymammal(哺乳動(dòng)物).“Themeasurementwasintendedtofindoutwhatitcostslothstoliveoveraday,”saysPauli,whoaddsthatadietoflittlebutleaveslacksnutritionalvalueandtheanimal’ssmallsizedoesn’tallowforovereating-soslothsneedtofindwaystomakethemostoftheirdiets,whichmeansusingtinyamountsofenergy,dramaticcontrolofbodytemperatureandlivingatanextremelyslowpace.Theirreward?Awonderfullywidespreadecologicalsystemtocalltheirown,oneslowinchatatime.8.WhyisalionmentionedinParagraph1?A.Toadmirelions’speed. B.Tostatesloths’weakness.C.Toconfirmlions’leadposition. D.Tohighlightsloths’uniqueness.9.Whatisthe2016studymainlyabout?A.Thelifestyleofsloths. B.Thedietofvertebrates.C.Thespeciesofrareanimals. D.Theenergyuseofcreatures.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takethecake”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Breakdown. B.Keepon. C.Standout. D.Growup.11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutslothsfromPauli’swords?A.Theirslowpaceisabalancedchoice.B.Theyareinfaceofpossibleextinction.C.Theirslowpacedecidesatinyappetite.D.Theysufferalotagainstnaturalenemies.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章主要講述了樹(shù)懶的獨(dú)特生活方式和適應(yīng)策略。雖然速度在動(dòng)物界很重要，但樹(shù)懶卻以它們的緩慢生活而聞名。樹(shù)懶生活在樹(shù)上，以樹(shù)葉為食，它們的能量消耗非常低。樹(shù)懶采取了低能量消耗、控制體溫和緩慢生活的方式來(lái)適應(yīng)以樹(shù)葉為食的生活。雖然樹(shù)懶消耗的能量很少，但它們擁有自己獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fastanimalshavealegupinoutrunningotheranimals,whichputsthemhighonthefoodchain.Itwouldseemthatallanimalswouldgoforspeed,butthenthere’sthesloth(樹(shù)懶).Whilealioncangofrom0to60milesanhourinonlyfiveseconds,ittakesaslothalldaytocovernomorethan50meters.(速度快的動(dòng)物比其他動(dòng)物跑得快，這使它們處于食物鏈的高位。似乎所有的動(dòng)物都追求速度，但樹(shù)懶除外。獅子可以在5秒內(nèi)從0英里跑到60英里每小時(shí)，而樹(shù)懶需要一整天才能走超過(guò)50米。)”可知，似乎所有的動(dòng)物都追求速度，但樹(shù)懶除外，由此文章指出獅子可以在5秒內(nèi)從0英里跑到60英里每小時(shí)，而樹(shù)懶需要一整天才能走超過(guò)50米，此處提到了獅子的速度，與接下來(lái)講述樹(shù)懶的緩慢相對(duì)比，從而強(qiáng)調(diào)樹(shù)懶的獨(dú)特之處。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theaimofa2016study,saysJonathanPauli,aUniversityofAlabamaprofessorofforestandwildlifeecology,wastohelpuncoverwhyslothsareindeedsounique.

(阿拉巴馬大學(xué)森林和野生動(dòng)物生態(tài)學(xué)教授JonathanPauli表示，2016年一項(xiàng)研究的目的是幫助揭示樹(shù)懶確實(shí)如此獨(dú)特的原因。)”以及““Amongvertebrates,thisistherarestoflifestyles”,saysPauli.

(“在脊椎動(dòng)物中，這是最罕見(jiàn)的生活方式，”P(pán)auli說(shuō)。)”可知，2016年一項(xiàng)研究的目的是為了揭示樹(shù)懶生活方式為什么如此獨(dú)特。故選A。【10題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞前面的內(nèi)容“Wisconsinteamstudiedwildslothsatafieldsite.Whentheresearchersmeasuredtheenergyuseofsloths,theyfoundawildlylowburningofaslittleas110caloriesofenergyaday.

(威斯康辛州的一個(gè)研究小組在野外研究了野生樹(shù)懶。當(dāng)研究人員測(cè)量樹(shù)懶的能量消耗時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)懶每天燃燒的能量非常低，只有110卡路里。)”以及劃線(xiàn)詞后面的內(nèi)容“itisthelowestmeasuredenergeticoutputforanymammal(這是所有哺乳動(dòng)物中測(cè)量到的能量輸出最低的。)”可知，就樹(shù)懶的能量消耗，其每天燃燒的能量非常低，只有110卡路里，這是所有哺乳動(dòng)物中測(cè)量到的能量輸出最低的，因?yàn)檫@一特點(diǎn)使得樹(shù)懶脫穎而出（與眾不同）。故劃線(xiàn)詞與C選項(xiàng)“Standout.(脫穎而出)”為同義詞短語(yǔ)。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Themeasurementwasintendedtofindoutwhatitcostslothstoliveoveraday,”saysPauli,whoaddsthatadietoflittlebutleaveslacksnutritionalvalueandtheanimal’ssmallsizedoesn’tallowforovereating-soslothsneedtofindwaystomakethemostoftheirdiets,whichmeansusingtinyamountsofenergy,dramaticcontrolofbodytemperatureandlivingatanextremelyslowpace.(“這次測(cè)量的目的是找出樹(shù)懶在一天中生活所需的成本，”P(pán)auli說(shuō)道，他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，只吃樹(shù)葉的飲食缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，而樹(shù)懶的體型小，不允許過(guò)度進(jìn)食，所以樹(shù)懶需要找到方法來(lái)最大限度地利用自己的飲食，這意味著使用極少的能量、極大地控制體溫和以非常緩慢的步調(diào)生活。)”可知，因?yàn)闃?shù)懶的體型小，不允許過(guò)度進(jìn)食，所以樹(shù)懶需要找到方法來(lái)最大限度地利用自己的飲食，這意味著使用極少的能量、極大地控制體溫和以非常緩慢的步調(diào)生活，即樹(shù)懶緩慢的步調(diào)是為了適應(yīng)以樹(shù)葉為食的生活，并讓它們能夠最大限度地利用自己的食物，由此推斷它們緩慢的節(jié)奏是一個(gè)平衡的選擇。故選A。DFromthedaywe’reborn,curiositybecomesaprimarydrivingforcethatmotivatesustoexploreunknownideasandterritoriesinsearchofanswersandstimulations.Humanbeingshaveaninborndesiretoclosethe“curiositygap”everyday.Arecentstudyfoundthatcuriositycanbeahighlyeffectivewaytoleadpeopletomakesmarterandhealthierlifestylechoices.EvanPolman,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,said,“Ourresearchshowsthatfuelingpeople’scuriositycaninfluencetheirchoicesbyturningthemawayfrominvitingdesires,likeunhealthyfoodsortakingtheelevator,andtowardlessinvitingbuthealthieroptions,suchasbuyingmorefreshproduceortakingthestairs.”Toprovethepositivepotentialofthecuriositygap,Polmanandhisteamconductedaseriesofexperimentsdesignedtotesthowcuriosityaffectedthechoicespeoplemadepositively.Ineachstudy,arousingcuriosityresultedinnoticeablebehaviorchange.Forexample,inoneoftheexperiments,Polmanincreasedthenumberofparticipantswhochosetowatchavideoofacademicnaturebypromisingthattheywouldrevealthesecretbehindamagictrickattheendofthevideo.TheresultsofthefieldstudiesoncuriositywereparticularlyconvincingtoPolman.Inonefieldstudy,theresearcherscreateda10percentincreaseintheuseofstairsinauniversitybuildingbypostingtrivial(瑣事)questionsneartheelevatorsandpostingtheanswersinthestairwell.Inanother,theyincreasedthepurchaseoffreshproducebyplacingajokeonthepostersdescribingthefruitorvegetable.Polmanwassurprisedbythedegreethattakingadvantageofthecuriositygapcouldmotivatepeopletoautomaticallymakehealthierlifestylechoices.Heconcluded,“Ourresultssuggestthatusinginterventionsbasedoncuriositygapshasthepotentialtoincreaseparticipationindesiredbehaviorsforwhichpeopleoftenlackmotivation.Italsoprovidesnewevidencethatcuriosity-basedinterventionscomeatanincrediblysmallcostandcouldhelppushpeopletowardavarietyofpositiveactions.”12.Whatdidarecentstudyfindaboutcuriosity?A.Itfuelspeople’sdesires. B.Itlowerspeople’sbuying.C.Itbenefitspeople’shealth. D.Itdeterminespeople’slives.13.WhatarethoseexperimentsbyPolman’steamaimedat?A.Supportingafinding. B.Raisingaresearchtopic.C.Arousingscientists’interest. D.Displayingnegativeevidence.14.WhatisPolman’sattitudetotheresultsoffieldstudies?A.Doubtful. B.Unclear. C.Approving. D.Dismissive.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Howtostaycurious B.ThemagicofcuriosityC.Howtomakehealthchoices D.Thetwosidesofcuriositygap【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章主要講述了好奇心對(duì)人們做出更聰明和更健康的生活選擇具有積極影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Arecentstudyfoundthatcuriositycanbeahighlyeffectivewaytoleadpeopletomakesmarterandhealthierlifestylechoices.(最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，好奇心可以非常有效地引導(dǎo)人們做出更明智、更健康的生活方式選擇。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，好奇心能夠成為一種高度有效的方式，引導(dǎo)人們做出更聰明和更健康的生活選擇。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Toprovethepositivepotentialofthecuriositygap,Polmanandhisteamconductedaseriesofexperimentsdesignedtotesthowcuriosityaffectedthechoicespeoplemadepositively.

(為了證明好奇心差距的積極潛力，Polman和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)，旨在測(cè)試好奇心如何影響人們做出積極的選擇。)”可知，為了證明好奇心差距的積極潛力，Polman和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)即Polman團(tuán)隊(duì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在證明好奇心如何積極影響人們的選擇。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“TheresultsofthefieldstudiesoncuriositywereparticularlyconvincingtoPolman.

(對(duì)好奇心的野外研究結(jié)果對(duì)Polman來(lái)說(shuō)尤其令人信服。)”可知，Polman對(duì)野外實(shí)地研究的結(jié)果是極其信服的，因此Polman對(duì)野外（實(shí)地）研究的結(jié)果是贊同的。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Arecentstudyfoundthatcuriositycanbeahighlyeffectivewaytoleadpeopletomakesmarterandhealthierlifestylechoices.(最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，好奇心可以非常有效地引導(dǎo)人們做出更明智、更健康的生活方式選擇。)”以及通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要講述了好奇心對(duì)人們做出更聰明和更健康的生活選擇具有積極影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“Themagicofcuriosity(好奇心的魔力)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thebrainisoftenseenasthemostimportantorganofushumans.Itcontrolsourthoughts,emotions,memoriesandevenourmovements.However,whatmanypeopleoftenforgetisthatthebrainandthebodyarecloselyconnected.____16____Studieshaveshownthatregularexercisecansignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctionssuchasmemory,attentionandproblem-solvingabilities.____17____Howdoesthishappen?Well,theanswerliesinthewayexerciseaffectsthebrain.Exerciseincreasestheproductionofproteinsthatpromotethegrowthandsurvivalofneurons(神經(jīng)元),thusensuringbetterbrainfunctions.Moreover,exercisehasapositiveimpactonmoodandmentalwell-being.Ithelpsreleasesomenaturalmoodboostersthatmakeusfeelmorepositiveandhappy.____18____Asfortheexercisevarieties,it’snotjustaboutaerobic(有氧的)exerciseslikerunningorcycling.____19____Itimprovesconcentrationanddecision-makingabilitiesbyenhancingtheconnectivitybetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.____20____Exerciseisn’tjustaboutkeepingfitorlosingweight;it’saboutimprovingcognitivefunctions,boostingmoodandevenhelpingusthinkmorecreatively.So,thenexttimeyoufeellazyorunmotivatedtoexercise,rememberthateverystepyoutakeisonestepclosertoahealthier,happierandmoreintelligentyou.A.Itevenstrengthenscreativity.B.Actuallythebodydeeplyaffectsthebrain.C.Thebrainalsohasgreatimpactsonexercise.D.Anexerciseloverisunlikelytosufferdepression.E.Walkingandjoggingdogoodtomentalfunctionstoo.F.Strengthtraininghasalsobeenshowntobenefitthebrain.G.Thelinksbetweenthebrainandthebodycannotbeoverstated.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.F20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦的影響，經(jīng)常鍛煉可以顯著提高認(rèn)知功能，如記憶力、注意力和解決問(wèn)題的能力?！?6題詳析】上文“However,whatmanypeopleoftenforgetisthatthebrainandthebodyarecloselyconnected.(然而，很多人經(jīng)常忘記的是，大腦和身體是緊密相連的)”提到了大腦和身體是有聯(lián)系的，選項(xiàng)B中body和brain是關(guān)鍵詞與上文呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上身體深深地影響著大腦?！蹦艹薪由衔模险Z(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】上文“Studieshaveshownthatregularexercisecansignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctionssuchasmemory,attentionandproblem-solvingabilities.(研究表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉可以顯著提高認(rèn)知功能，如記憶力、注意力和解決問(wèn)題的能力)”提到了經(jīng)常鍛煉的好處，A選項(xiàng)“它甚至能增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)造力”與上文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】上文“Moreover,exercisehasapositiveimpactonmoodandmentalwell-being.Ithelpsreleasesomenaturalmoodboostersthatmakeusfeelmorepositiveandhappy.(此外，鍛煉對(duì)情緒和精神健康有積極的影響。它有助于釋放一些自然的情緒助推器，讓我們感覺(jué)更積極和快樂(lè))”提到了鍛煉對(duì)情緒的影響，選項(xiàng)D中depression是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“熱愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人不太可能患抑郁癥?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】上文“Asfortheexercisevarieties,it’snotjustaboutaerobic(有氧的)exerciseslikerunningorcycling.(至于運(yùn)動(dòng)的種類(lèi)，不僅僅是跑步或騎自行車(chē)這樣的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng))”提到了運(yùn)動(dòng)的種類(lèi)，選項(xiàng)F中Strengthtraining是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文的運(yùn)動(dòng)種類(lèi)呼應(yīng)，所以F選項(xiàng)“力量訓(xùn)練也被證明對(duì)大腦有益。”與上文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】下文“Exerciseisn’tjustaboutkeepingfitorlosingweight;it’saboutimprovingcognitivefunctions,boostingmoodandevenhelpingusthinkmorecreatively.(鍛煉不僅僅是為了保持健康或減肥；它可以改善認(rèn)知功能，改善情緒，甚至幫助我們更有創(chuàng)造性地思考)”提到了鍛煉和大腦之間的聯(lián)系，選項(xiàng)G“大腦和身體之間的聯(lián)系怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)?！蹦芨爬ㄏ挛膬?nèi)容。故選G項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),Atwo-year-oldgirlinNewberryCountyhadlastbeenseenatabout3:00p.m.,butshewasmissinglaterintheday.Thesituationtooka____21____turnaround6:00p.m.whenahunterintheareaheardthecriesofthemissingchild.Reactingimmediately,thehunter____22____anemergencycalltellingauthoritiesthechild’slocation.Theoperators____23____immediately,applyingadvancedmappingtechnologytolocatetheposition.Thiscrucialinformationwasthen____24____senttoaSouthCarolinaLawEnforcementDivision(SLED)andthecounty’sfirst____25____.Withthelocationdatainhand,asearchteamwasquickly____26____tothewoodedarea.Thetirelesseffortsoftheserescueworkersultimately____27____aheartwarmingreunion.Themissingtwo-year-oldwasfoundintheforest,safeandsoundexceptsomeslightinjuries.Despiteher___28___experience,shewasfoundtobeinsurprisinglygood___29___,exceptherunderstandabletiredness,thirstandfear.The____30____rescuewastheresultofthe___31___betweendifferentdepartmentsandthecommunityasawhole.TheNewberryCountySheriff’sOfficeexpressedtheir___32___fortheeffortsofeveryoneinvolved,includingcitizens,andthose___33___theirthoughtsandprayersduringthesearch.Andtheyshowedtheirreliefatthe___34___ofthelittlegirlinthecareoffamily.Theirheroicactionswillbe___35___asaheartwarmingsuccessstoryinNewberryCountyforyearstocome.21.A.disappointing B.hopeful C.reasonable D.challenging22.A.placed B.received C.missed D.answered23.A.appeared B.escaped C.acted D.arrived24.A.optionally B.carefully C.entirely D.rapidly25.A.discoverers B.rescuers C.operators D.survivors26.A.adapting B.returning C.heading D.pointing27.A.paidfor B.setup C.tookon D.ledto28.A.frightening B.regretful C.annoying D.shameful29.A.shape B.mind C.order D.faith30.A.risky B.remarkable C.traditional D.joyful31.A.respect B.cooperation C.balance D.discussion32.A.blessing B.kindness C.concern D.gratitude33.A.offering B.praising C.advocating D.assessing34.A.performance B.virtue C.recovery D.courage35.A.edited B.perfected C.performed D.celebrated【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一個(gè)兩歲的小女孩丟失了，在救援中各部門(mén)行動(dòng)迅速，積極配合，不懈努力，讓孩子及時(shí)得救?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：下午6點(diǎn)左右，當(dāng)該地區(qū)的一名獵人聽(tīng)到失蹤兒童的哭聲時(shí)，情況發(fā)生了有希望的轉(zhuǎn)折。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.reasonable合理的；D.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“whenahunterintheareaheardthecriesofthemissingchild.”可知，尋找孩子有了希望。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：獵人立即做出反應(yīng)，撥打了緊急電話(huà)，告訴當(dāng)局孩子的位置。A.placed放置,撥打；B.received收到；C.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)；D.answered回答。根據(jù)下文“anemergencycalltellingauthoritiesthechild’slocation.”可知，獵人撥打急救電話(huà)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：操作人員立即行動(dòng)，應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的測(cè)繪技術(shù)確定位置。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.escaped逃逸；C.acted行為；D.arrived到達(dá)。根據(jù)下文“applyingadvancedmappingtechnologytolocatetheposition”可知，收到急救電話(huà)后，操作人員立刻就行動(dòng)了起來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這一重要信息隨后迅速被送往南卡羅來(lái)納州的一個(gè)執(zhí)法部門(mén)和該縣的第一個(gè)救援人員。A.optionally可選地；B.carefully小心地；C.entirely完全地；D.rapidly迅速地。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，救援是緊急的，應(yīng)迅速傳達(dá)信息。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上題。A.discoverers發(fā)現(xiàn)者；B.rescuers救援人員；C.operators操作員；D.survivors幸存者。根據(jù)下文“Thetirelesseffortsoftheserescueworkersultimately_______aheartwarmingreunion.”可知，信息應(yīng)傳達(dá)給救援人員。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有了定位數(shù)據(jù)，搜索隊(duì)很快就向森林地區(qū)前進(jìn)。A.adapting適應(yīng)；B.returning返回；C.heading朝(某方向)行進(jìn)；D.pointing指出。根據(jù)上文“Withthelocationdatainhand”可知，搜索人員在定位數(shù)據(jù)的指引下前行。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這些救援人員的不懈努力最終促成了一次溫馨的團(tuán)聚。A.paidfor付款；B.setup設(shè)置；C.tookon呈現(xiàn)；D.ledto導(dǎo)致。根據(jù)下文“aheartwarmingreunion”可知，救援人員的付出讓孩子和家人團(tuán)聚。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她有著令人害怕的經(jīng)歷，但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)她的身體狀況出奇地好，除了可以理解的疲倦、口渴和恐懼。A.frightening令人害怕的；B.regretful遺憾的；C.annoying煩人的；D.shameful可恥的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，走丟了是令人害怕的經(jīng)歷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上題。A.shape狀況；B.mind心智；C.order訂單；D.faith信仰。根據(jù)上文“Themissingtwo-year-oldwasfoundintheforest,safeandsoundexceptsomeslightinjuries”可知，小女孩狀況很好。beingoodshape“狀態(tài)良好”。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這次引人注目的營(yíng)救行動(dòng)是不同部門(mén)之間通力合作的結(jié)果。A.risky有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的；B.remarkable顯著的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.joyful快樂(lè)的。根據(jù)全文以及上文“Withthelocationdatainhand,asearchteamwasquickly_______tothewoodedarea.Thetirelesseffortsoftheserescueworkersultimately____aheartwarmingreunion.”可知，這次救援中各部門(mén)行動(dòng)迅速，配合好，是一次引人注目的營(yíng)救行動(dòng)。不懈努力才讓孩子及時(shí)得救了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上題。A.respect尊重；B.cooperation合作；C.balance平衡；D.discussion討論。根據(jù)下文“betweendifferentdepartmentsandthecommunityasawhole”可知，是各部門(mén)的通力合作讓救援變得很順利。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：紐伯里縣治安官辦公室對(duì)包括市民在內(nèi)的所有相關(guān)人員的努力表示感謝，并感謝他們?cè)谒褜み^(guò)程中提供的想法和祈禱。A.blessing祝福；B.kindness善良；C.concern關(guān)注；D.gratitude感激。根據(jù)下文“ortheeffortsofeveryoneinvolved,includingcitizens,andthose________theirthoughtsandprayersduringthesearch”可知，此處是表達(dá)感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上題。A.offering提供；B.praising贊揚(yáng)；C.advocating主張；D.assessing評(píng)估。根據(jù)下文“theirthoughts”可知，救援過(guò)程中相關(guān)人員都獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)這個(gè)由家人照顧的小女孩的康復(fù)表示欣慰。A.performance表演，性能；B.virtue美德；C.recovery恢復(fù)；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)上文“Themissingtwo-year-oldwasfoundintheforest,safeandsoundexceptsomeslightinjuries.”以及下文“inthecareoffamily”可知，在家人的照料下，小女孩很快得以康復(fù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在未來(lái)幾年他們的英勇行為將被譽(yù)為紐伯里縣一個(gè)感人的成功故事。A.edited編輯；B.perfected完善；C.performed執(zhí)行；D.celebrated慶祝，贊美

，頌揚(yáng)

。根據(jù)下文“asaheartwarmingsuccessstoryinNewberryCountyforyearstocome.”可知，這是一個(gè)值得贊頌的故事。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。GrandCanalisoneofthegreatengineeringwondersbuiltbyancientChinese.“Itbearswitness____36____aremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulic(水利的)engineering,”theUNESCOwebsitestates.Inancienttimes,theGrandCanal____37____(serve)asthemainchannelforgraintransportandeverykindofeconomicandculturalexchange.Italsofacilitatedthetime-consumingjourneysoflaborersandmaterialsforthe____38____(construct)oftheForbiddenCityinBeijing,thecapitalcityoftheYuan,MingandQingDynasties.GrandCanalhadinspiredthenameofChenchen,oneofthethreemascots(吉祥物)ofthe19thAsianGamesHangzhou.Chenchen,comingfromtheGongchenBridge,____39____stretchesovertheHangzhousectionoftheGrandCanal,wascoloredblue____40____(represent)scienceandtechnology.TheHangzhousectionofthecanalcovers____41____totallengthof39kilometers,whichishometo11ofthecanal’stotal58historical____42____(site).ItentersthecityfromTangqiancienttowninYuhangDistrict,travelsthroughGongshuandShangchengDistricts,____43____finallyflowsintotheQiantangRiverfromtheThreeGorgesShipLock.Visitors____44____(recommend)totakeaboattripontheancientwaterwaytoenjoysomeof____45____(it)incomparablesceneryaswellastheamazinglandscapeofJiangnanwatertown.【答案】36.to37.served38.construction39.which40.torepresent41.a42.sites43.an