高考英語《從句》教案

《從句（一）——定語從句》教案一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、定語從句的常見考點；2、定語從句的易錯考點；3、定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語和分類。二、教學(xué)重難點1、教學(xué)重點：定語從句的常見考點；2、教學(xué)難點：定語從句的易錯考點。三、教學(xué)過程（一）問題排行榜（Hitthecharts）1、定語從句都有哪些常見考點？2、定語從句都有哪些易錯考點？3、定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語和分類是怎么樣的？（二）攻克難點（Overcomedifficulties）1、定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語和分類是怎么樣的？定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語：定語：在句子中修飾名詞、代詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞的句子成分。從句：復(fù)合句中不能獨立成句，但具有主語部分和謂語部分，由that、who等引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。定語從句：如果是一個從句作定語，那么這個從句就是定語從句。例如：ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行詞關(guān)系詞先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。定語從句的分類：限制性定語從句：為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語，若去掉，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不可用逗號分開。例：Shehasfoundthenecklace（that）shelosttwoweeksago.非限制性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。例：Hetoldmeastoryyesterday,whichIthinkisveryinteresting.ImetJohn,whotoldmethenews.2、定語從句都有哪些常見考點？【考點一】考查關(guān)系詞的省略whom/which/that作定語從句的賓語時，可以省略。Theperson（whom/that）theyarelookingforisMrWilde.Thetopic（which/that）youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.【考點二】考查非限制性定語從句1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，只能用which（不用that）。除which外，還可用when，where，who（m）等關(guān)系代詞、副詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。Lisaisanamateuractress,whoactedanimportantpartinafilm.Thisisakeyseniorhighschool,whereIspentthreeyears.FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing，whereIfinishedmycollegestudy．2.引導(dǎo)詞which可以指前面整個句子的含義。Lilystayeduplateintothenight,whichmadehermotheranxious.3.在限制性定語從句中作賓語時，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略，但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的連詞不能省。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother，whomhelovedashisownmother．4.置于句首時，非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時as和which都可以。但是當(dāng)非限制性定語從句是否定意義時，只能用which引導(dǎo)。Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.【即學(xué)即練】①Sheheardtheterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth．A.itB.whichC.thisD.that②Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，________，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy．A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what③_______isknowntoall，Chinawillbean_______andpowerfulcountryin20or30years’time.That；advancingB.This；advancedC.As；advancedD.It；advancing④Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，______wasmorethanwecouldexpect．whatB.whichC.thatD.if【考點三】關(guān)系代詞that或which指物時，宜用that而不用which的情況1.先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代詞時。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou,Mum?(that作賓語時可省略)Ishalldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(thatIcan是定語從句,修飾all；tohelpyou是動詞不定式作目的狀語)2.先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞等修飾或被only,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修飾時。Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea.Thisisthemostinterestingbook(that)Ihaveeverread.Youaretheverykindofperson(that)wehavebeenlookingfor.3.先行詞是人和物共用時只能用that。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark.4.當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞who或which時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?5.先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.6.當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時，修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that指代物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了which,另一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.【考點四】考查關(guān)系代詞宜用which而不用that的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.4.當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離從句較遠(yuǎn)時。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.【考點五】考查關(guān)系代詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞1.當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時，關(guān)系詞用who指代人。There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.先行詞為anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.3.當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以避免重復(fù)。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.【考點六】考查介詞提前1.whom/which作介詞的賓語時，介詞可提到whom/which之前，此時whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替換。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如果被提前的是一個介詞短語，應(yīng)把整個介詞短語提前，不能拆開。如果被提前的是一個動詞短語，介詞不能提前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.=Themanwhom/thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.LeiFeng，fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot，isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool（西點軍校）ofAmerica.【即學(xué)即練】⑤IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm________，manypeoplehavegonehome．whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime【考點七】關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1.where=in/at+whichTheBermudaTriangle(which/that)manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace.=TheBermudaTriangleinwhich/wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace.2.when=in/on/at/during+whichThetime(which/that)thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto’clock.=Thetimeatwhich/whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto’clock.3.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom前還可以加形容詞最高級、數(shù)詞、不定代詞等。Tibet,whosesceneryisratherunique,isasummerresort.=Tibet,ofwhichthescenery/thesceneryofwhichisratherunique,isasummerresort.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70/theeldestofwhomis70,arefromSingapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.4.why=forwhichThereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.【即學(xué)即練】⑥AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild．A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when⑦Ishallneverforgettheyears_______Ilivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers，_______hasagreateffectonmylife.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who【考點八】分裂式定語從句定語從句被一個詞、短語等與先行詞隔開時，叫分裂式定語從句。為避免頭重腳輕，可把修飾主語的定語從句置于謂語之后。Iboughtahousewithagardeninfront,whereIcangrowflowers.(定語從句被介詞短語infront與先行詞隔開)DoyourememberthesnowynighttenyearsagowhenIgothere?(定語從句被詞組tenyearsago與先行詞隔開)【考點九】than/but/as作關(guān)系代詞的用法1.先行詞有比較級修飾時用than；先行詞有否定詞修飾時用but，表示雙重否定，此時的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定語從句主語)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定語從句主語)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作定語從句主語)2.先行詞有下列詞修飾時只能用as,如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名詞+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的賓語)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定語從句的主語)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接賓語)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接賓語）請注意“thesame+名詞+as”與“thesame+名詞+that”的區(qū)別。（三）方法列舉（Listmethods）3、定語從句都有哪些易錯考點？【易錯考點一】定語從句與并列句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof______isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters；______aredoctors．解析：定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了?！疽族e考點二】定語從句與地點狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。①Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater．②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago．解析：定語從句與地點狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于：定語從句有表示地點的先行詞，而地點狀語從句則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞＋which”來代替where，而地點狀語從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)?！疽族e考點三】定語從句與強調(diào)句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks．解析：定語從句與強調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于：強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis／was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that從句”。被強調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因為被強調(diào)部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。此種情況檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：先把強調(diào)句中的Itis／was...that去掉，再把被強調(diào)部分還原，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子仍然成立則為強調(diào)句，否則為定語從句?！疽族e考點四】定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①Ihavethesamecomputer_______youhave．②Sheissuchakindandfunnygirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher．解析：定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于（這里只討論thesame...as／that和such...as/that兩種情況）：在這兩種情況下，如果as／that既引導(dǎo)從句，同時又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，則as／that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。在thesame．．．a(chǎn)s／that結(jié)構(gòu)中，用as指一樣的，但不是同一個事物；用that指同一物品?！疽族e考點五】定語從句與單句用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，______didn’thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork．______didn’thelp．解析：含有定語從句的復(fù)合句與兩個單句的主要區(qū)別在于：前者有主句，有從句，必須有關(guān)系詞；而后者則是兩個單獨的句子，不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。解題時，注意標(biāo)點符號的運用。（四）能力拓展（Developskills）1、【2011全國卷I)31】Theprizewillgotothewriter________