分詞作狀語專業(yè)知識講座

形式意義v.ing(doing)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生。Having+v.-ed(havingdone)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。v.-ed(done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系1.分詞作狀語形式的選擇being+v.-ed(beingdone) 與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語置于句首。havingbeen+v-ed(havingbeendone)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。2.分詞作狀語的基本原則1）分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。2）分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。1）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.2)Givenmuchmoretime,hewoulddoitbetter.Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.（聽見和進入兩個動作同時發(fā)生）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.（beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，表示動作正在進行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。分詞作狀語1.作時間狀語1）Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplayfootball.2)Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.2.作原因狀語1）Notknowinghisaddress,shewenttoapolicemanforhelp.2)Beingill,hewaslateforschool.3.作伴隨狀語1)Hestoodagainstthedoor,readinganewspaper.(表伴隨情況)2)Istayedupverylate,preparingmyspeech.(說明細節(jié)情況)4.作條件狀語1）Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksverybeautiful.5.作讓步狀語Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.6.作結(jié)果狀語1）Shewascaughtinaheavyrain,fallingill.2)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.注：現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示由謂語動詞部分所造成的結(jié)果。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1）表時間狀語2)表原因狀語Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.

Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一個學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語：作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作，必須是主語的一個動作，或是與謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或是對謂語表示的動詞（或狀態(tài)）作進一步地補充說明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結(jié)果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表條件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就會看到一座白色的房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead

6)表讓步

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.

(伴隨動作)

2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.

(原因)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.條件3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.條件4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴隨5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.方式6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(時間,可以在分詞前保留when)

7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.結(jié)果Practise:Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthoughtB1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeB現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果狀語A現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語高考鏈接3.“Can’tyouread”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointingA現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中否定詞通常放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面。作原因狀語1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeein