2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT4NATURALDISASTERS5·12汶川地震，發(fā)生于2008年5月12日(星期一)14時(shí)28分04秒，依據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)地震局的數(shù)據(jù)，此次震級(jí)達(dá)8.0級(jí)，地震波及大半個(gè)中國(guó)及亞洲多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，北至遼寧，東至上海，南至香港、澳門(mén)、泰國(guó)、越南，西至巴基斯坦均有震感。5·12汶川地震嚴(yán)峻破壞地區(qū)超過(guò)10萬(wàn)平方千米，其中，極重災(zāi)區(qū)共10個(gè)縣(市)，較重災(zāi)區(qū)共41個(gè)縣(市)，一般災(zāi)區(qū)共186個(gè)縣(市)。截至2008年9月18日12時(shí)，5·12汶川地震共造成69227人死亡，374643人受傷，17923人失蹤，是中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來(lái)破壞力最大的地震，也是唐山大地震后傷亡最嚴(yán)峻的一次地震。經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，自2009年起，每年5月12日為全國(guó)“防災(zāi)減災(zāi)日”。BBCNewsaboutWenchuanEarthquakeApowerfulearthquakeinChinaisfearedtohavekilledthousandsofpeopleinthesouthwesternprovinceofSichuan.TheofficialnewsagencyXinhuasaysnearlytenthousandpeoplemayhavedied,withmanymoreburiedandinjured.Inonecounty,mostofthebuildingsarereportedtohavecollapsed(倒塌).MichaelBristowsentthisreportfromwestern“ThisisthebiggestearthquaketohitChinainmorethan30years.Thousandsarealreadyconfirmed(證明)dead.Chinesestatemediaarereportingthat900middleschoolchildrenwereburiedwhentheirschoolcollapsed.Atleast50areknowntohavedied.80%ofthebuildingsinonecountyalonehavecollapsed,andupto5000peopletherearefeareddead.Theearthquakestruckjustbefore2：30thisafternoon.Theepicenter(震中)wasinthemountainousWenchuancountyinSichuanprovince.”Andtodaymarksthe11thanniversaryoftheterribleearthquakethatstruckWenchuanCountyinsouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.TheearthquakewasthestrongesttohitChinasince1950.Atleast87,000peoplewerekilledordeclaredmissinginthedisaster.Theearthquakeleftmorepeoplehomelessthananyothertremor(微震)inrecordedhistory.Atleast4,800,000peoplerequiredshelteraftertheirhomesweredestroyed.However,theimpact(影響)oftheSichuanquakewasnotonlyfeltthroughthedeathtoll(傷亡人數(shù))—italsoresultedinsignificanteconomicloss.ButWenchuanhasbegunhugereconstructionsince2008.Itisestimated(估算)about885billionRMB,or137billionUSdollarshavebeenspentonrebuildingtheaffectedarea.開(kāi)啟歡樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)之旅地震是地殼快速釋放能量過(guò)程中造成的振動(dòng)，期間會(huì)產(chǎn)生地震波的一種自然現(xiàn)象。地球上板塊與板塊之間相互擠壓碰撞，造成板塊邊沿及板塊內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)動(dòng)和裂開(kāi)，是引起地震的主要緣由。地震經(jīng)常造成嚴(yán)峻的人員傷亡，能引起火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)、有毒氣體泄漏、細(xì)菌及放射性物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散，還可能造成海嘯、滑坡、倒塌、地裂縫等次生災(zāi)難。當(dāng)前的科技水平尚無(wú)法預(yù)料地震的到來(lái)，將來(lái)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，地震也是無(wú)法預(yù)料的。所謂勝利預(yù)料地震的例子，基本都是巧合。對(duì)于地震，我們更應(yīng)當(dāng)做的是提高建筑抗震等級(jí)、做好防衛(wèi)，而不是預(yù)料。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．disastern．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)難2．droughtn．旱災(zāi)；久旱3．slidevi.&vt.4．floodn．洪水；大量vi.沉沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；沉沒(méi)→floodedadj.洪水泛濫的5．rescuen．&vt.營(yíng)救；救援6．damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失7．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)→survivorn．生還者→survivaln．幸存；殘存；殘存物8．destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅9．deathn．死；死亡10．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(dòng)11．sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.愛(ài)護(hù)；掩藏vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危急)12．ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞13．percentn．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中→percentagen．百分率；百分比14．brickn．磚；磚塊15．metaln．金屬→modeln．模特；模范；榜樣→medaln．獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢粍渍?；紀(jì)念章→median．新聞媒體；傳媒16．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockedadj.感到震驚的→shockingadj.令人震驚的17．electricityn．電；電能→electricadj.電動(dòng)的，用電的→electricaladj.與(用)電有關(guān)的；電氣科學(xué)的→electronicadj.電子的18．trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n．險(xiǎn)境；陷阱19．buryvt.安葬；安葬20．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸；氣息→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的→breathlesslyadv.氣喘吁吁地；上氣不接下氣地21．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力→effortlessadj.不需費(fèi)勁的22．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體23．wisdomn．才智；才智→wiseadj.有才智的；英明的；明智的→wiselyadv.明智地；精明地24．contextn．上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景25．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．難受；苦痛；苦難；熬煎Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．writedown寫(xiě)下；登記2．referto指的是；參考3．thinkabout考慮4．setup搭起；建立5．a(chǎn)tleast至少6．a(chǎn)susual像平常一樣7．a(chǎn)sif似乎；似乎；仿佛8．cometoanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)9．inruins嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪10．thenumberof……的數(shù)目11．nothingbut除……以外什么也不；只有；只不過(guò)12．tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的13．inshock震驚；驚訝14．digout掘出；發(fā)覺(jué)15．lookup抬頭看，查閱16．sufferfrom患……疾病；受……之苦Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都驚慌得不敢吃食，狗也拒絕進(jìn)入建筑物中。2．Miceranoutofthefieldslooking_forplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身，魚(yú)也從水中跳出來(lái)。3．Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!世界末日似乎到了！4．Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.居住在那兒的人有三分之二死亡或受傷。5．Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)孩子變成了孤兒。6．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.地震中死亡和重傷的人數(shù)超過(guò)40萬(wàn)。7．Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.生還者目及之處無(wú)一不是廢墟。eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())landsliden.山地或懸崖的倒塌；滑坡slidevi.&vt.使滑行；滑動(dòng)；使靜靜移動(dòng)vi.下滑，下跌；漸漸敗壞n.滑動(dòng)；滑道；滑梯；幻燈片[典型例句]Francescaslidacrosstheice.弗朗西絲卡從冰面上滑過(guò)。Isawamanslidingonabananaskin.我看到有個(gè)人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。[思維拓展]slideinto/outof溜進(jìn)/出……slideo/outof靜靜把……放進(jìn)/拿出Sheslidoutoftheroomwhilenoonewaslooking.她趁著沒(méi)人留意溜出了房間。Thecarwentintoaslideontheicyroad.汽車在結(jié)冰的路面上打滑了。留意：slide的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞是slid，slid。[即學(xué)即練]Heslidintothegardenwithoutbeingseen.2eq\a\vs4\al(rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救；救援)[典型例句]Wehadgivenupthehopeofrescue.我們那時(shí)已經(jīng)放棄了營(yíng)救的希望。Werescuedhimfromtheenemy'scamp.我們把他從敵營(yíng)中救了出來(lái)。[思維拓展]rescue...from...把……從……中營(yíng)救出來(lái)come/gotoone'srescue設(shè)法營(yíng)救某人[即學(xué)即練]Thefiremensucceededinrescuing(rescue)threewomenfromtheburninghouse.3eq\a\vs4\al(damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失)[典型例句]Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破壞。Youhavedamagedmybicycle.Youwon'thaveitagain.你把我的自行車弄壞了。你別想再用了。Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多肉會(huì)對(duì)你的胃造成損害。[易混辨析]damage，destroy，ruindamage，destroy和ruin這三個(gè)單詞均表示“破壞”“損壞”的意思，但各自的含義和用法不同。damage指部分“損壞”“損害”“破壞”或指運(yùn)用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞，用作名詞時(shí)常與tosomething連用。如：Hundredsofhousesintheareaweredamagedbythestorm.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了這個(gè)地區(qū)數(shù)以百計(jì)的房屋。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.這次車禍?zhǔn)顾能囀艿胶艽蟮膿p壞。destroy只能用作動(dòng)詞，指徹底破壞，以致不行能修復(fù)，常作“破壞”“毀滅”解，也可以指希望、安排等破滅。如：Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.地震幾乎毀滅了整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。Hishopeofbeingawriterwasdestroyed.他想成為一個(gè)作家的希望破滅了。ruin則表示破壞嚴(yán)峻，以致不能修復(fù)，但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的運(yùn)用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問(wèn)題。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它作“使毀滅”“使崩潰”“弄糟”解；用作名詞時(shí)，它表示“毀滅”“瓦解”“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。如：Thefireruinedthecastle.那場(chǎng)大火把城堡夷為廢墟。Thehousehasfallenintoruin.房子倒塌了。Thecompanyisfacingruin.這家公司面臨破產(chǎn)。[思維拓展]cause/dodamageto＝damage(v.)損害，損傷doharmto＝beharmfulto＝bebadfor對(duì)……造成損害/有害處dogoodtosb.＝dosb.good＝begoodforsb.對(duì)……有好處dowrongto冤屈，冤枉begoodto＝bekindto對(duì)……好心dowellin＝begoodat擅長(zhǎng)；bebad/poorat＝beweakin不擅長(zhǎng)[即學(xué)即練]Factsshowthattheycandogreatdamagetoourcauseandthattheyhavealreadydoneso.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(survivorn.生還者；生還者,survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難渡過(guò)；比某人長(zhǎng)壽)[典型例句]Shesurvivedherhusbandbytwentyyears.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。Onlytwopassengerssurvivedtheaircrash.這次飛機(jī)失事只有兩名乘客幸免于難。Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.有很多驚異的習(xí)俗是從早年留存下來(lái)的。[思維拓展]survivesb.(by)比某人活得長(zhǎng)(幾年)survivetheaccident(crash,earthquake)從事故(墜機(jī)、地震)中生還survivefromsth.從……存活下來(lái)；流傳下來(lái)surviveon...靠……維持生活，靠……存活下來(lái)survivaln．幸存；殘存；殘存物survivorn．生還者[誤區(qū)警示]survive多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，假如是“比……活得長(zhǎng)”的意思，后面可跟“人”作賓語(yǔ)，假如是“從……中生還、幸存下來(lái)”，后面的賓語(yǔ)是“車禍、風(fēng)暴、地震”等名詞。[即學(xué)即練]MrSmithsurvivedtheaccident，buthiswifediedandhesurvived(survive)herbytwentyyears.5eq\a\vs4\al(destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅)[典型例句]Afiredestroyedthehouse.一場(chǎng)火毀壞了那座房屋。Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.學(xué)校被大火徹底燒毀了。Allhishopesweredestroyed.他全部的希望都破滅了。[巧學(xué)妙記](méi)[思維拓展]destructionn.[U]破壞；毀壞destructiveadj.破壞性的；造成破壞的[即學(xué)即練]Withmoreforestsbeing_destroyed(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.6eq\a\vs4\al(affectvt.影響；疾病侵襲；深深打動(dòng))[典型例句]Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.這個(gè)凄慘的消息使他特別難受。Theadvertisingcampaigndidn'thavemucheffectonsales.這些廣告攻勢(shì)對(duì)銷售額并沒(méi)有起到多大作用。[思維拓展]beaffectedby被……侵襲；被……感動(dòng)effectn．影響haveaneffect/influenceon對(duì)……有影響ineffect事實(shí)上takeeffect起先實(shí)行；起先生效bring/putsth.intoeffect使某物起先運(yùn)用comeintoeffect(尤指法律/規(guī)章制度)起先實(shí)施[即學(xué)即練](1)Oneofherlungsis_affected(affect)alittlesothatshehastorest.(2)Ithinktheaffected(affect)patientneedstobeisolated(隔離)．eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.愛(ài)護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避風(fēng)雨或危急)[典型例句]Wetriedtofixupashelterfromtherain.我們?cè)O(shè)法搭起一個(gè)躲雨的地方。Manyofthechildrenintheshelterareorphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤兒。Humanbeingsneedclothing,foodandshelter.人類有衣、食、住的需求。Shewasaccusedofshelteringamurderer.她因?yàn)楸幼o(hù)謀殺犯而被控告。[即學(xué)即練]Thoughshewasacommonperson,shewas_sheltered(shelter)bytheUSA.8eq\a\vs4\al(ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞)[典型例句]Thestormruinedthecrops.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。Ifyougoonlikethis,you'llruinyourself.假如你接著這樣下去，你會(huì)毀了你自己。[思維拓展]inruins嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪betheruinof成為……毀滅(墮落)的緣由come/fallintoruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bringsb.toruin使某人失??；使敗盡家業(yè)bringruinupononeself自取滅亡＝ruinoneselfruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)Thecitylaidinruinsaftertheearthquake.地震之后，這座城市變成了一片廢墟。Ofcourse,someofthebuildingsarenowinruins.當(dāng)然，有些樓房現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。[即學(xué)即練]Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.9eq\a\vs4\al(shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.使震驚)[典型例句]Hehasneverrecoveredfromtheshockofhisfather'sdeath.他始終沒(méi)有從他爸爸去世的打擊中復(fù)原過(guò)來(lái)。Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!從那個(gè)屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已！Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.他們驚訝地坐在那里，不敢信任這是真的。Yes,wearestillinshock,butwecame.是的，我們?nèi)耘f感到震驚，但我們來(lái)了。[思維拓展]shockedadj.感到驚異的，驚異的(主語(yǔ)多為人)shockingadj.令人生氣的，令人驚異的(主語(yǔ)多為物)beshockedat/by(doing)sth.被……震驚beshockedtodosth.懼怕做某事Itshockedsb.tosee/hear...望見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)到……使某人震驚(be)ashocktosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊inshock震驚；驚訝[即學(xué)即練](1)Lincoln'sdeathwasapieceofsurprisingnews.Thewholenationwasshocked(shock)atthesadnews.(2)Logan'sdeathwaspointless—thatwaspartofthereasonwewereinshock.10eq\a\vs4\al(trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境；陷阱)[典型例句]Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.他們被困在著火的大樓里。Hetrappedmeintobelievinghim.他誘使我信任他的話。Thedeerwascaughtinourtrap.那只鹿落入了我們的陷阱。[思維拓展]trapsb.into(doing)．..誘使某人(做)……betrappedin...困在……中，陷在……中setatrap/traps設(shè)陷阱[即學(xué)即練]Wedesirethatimmediatehelpshouldbegiventothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrapped(trap)bytheflood.11eq\a\vs4\al(buryvt.安葬；安葬；使沉醉；運(yùn)用心)[典型例句]Burytheoldworldandbuildanewone.安葬舊世界，建設(shè)新世界。Hehadburiedhiswifesometwoyearsbeforeheretired.也許在他退休前兩年，他妻子去世了。IwashorrifiedthatpeoplewouldthinkIwasdeadandburymealive.想到人們會(huì)認(rèn)為我死了并把我活埋，我覺(jué)得恐驚萬(wàn)分。Sincesheleft,hehasburiedhimselfinwork.自從她走后，他全心撲在工作上。Shesatthere,buriedinthoughts.她坐在那兒，陷入了深思。[思維拓展]burysth.in...把……埋到……里buryoneselfin(doing)sth.埋頭于；用心致志于(做)某事beburiedin埋頭于；用心于beburiedinthoughts深思buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面beburiedalive被活埋；隱居提示：表示“用心于，致力于”意義的短語(yǔ)還有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。[即學(xué)即練]Hisheadwasburiedinthebookhewasreading.12eq\a\vs4\al(breathevi.&vt.呼吸)[典型例句]Ifyoubreatheonthewindowyoucanwriteyournameinthemist.假如你往玻璃窗上哈氣，你可以在霧蒙蒙的窗上寫(xiě)下你的名字。Theairwassocoldthatwecouldhardlybreathe.空氣特別寒冷，我們難以呼吸。Shewasbeginningtobreathemoreeasily.她呼吸起先較為順暢了。[思維拓展]breathein吸入breatheout呼出breathn．呼吸breathlessadj.喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的；無(wú)風(fēng)的holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath氣喘吁吁；上氣不接下氣takeabreath歇口氣，歇會(huì)兒透口氣getone'sbreathback喘過(guò)氣來(lái)，復(fù)原正常呼吸loseone'sbreath氣喘吁吁，上氣不接下氣[即學(xué)即練](1)Afterclimbingthatlongflightofstairsshewascompletelyoutofbreath.(2)Theyholdtheir(they)breathwhentheywatchedthematch.13eq\a\vs4\al(effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力)[典型例句]YoucannotlearnChinesewellwithoutmakinggreateffort.只有努力，你才能學(xué)英雄語(yǔ)。Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissingarestillbeingcarriedout.礦井爆炸已過(guò)23個(gè)小時(shí)了，但對(duì)失蹤人員的搜尋還在進(jìn)行中。Wemakeeveryefforttomakemorefilms,andinturnthiscreatesfurtherenvironmentalpollution.我們竭力生產(chǎn)出更多的電影，反過(guò)來(lái)這又造成了進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境污染。One'ssuccessislargelyduetohisefforts.一個(gè)人的勝利在很大程度上是由于他的努力。[誤區(qū)警示]effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意義)，通常是不行數(shù)名詞。如：It'sawasteoftimeandeffort.這是在奢侈時(shí)間和精力。若強(qiáng)調(diào)一次一次詳細(xì)的努力，通常是可數(shù)名詞，常與all,these等修飾語(yǔ)連用。如：Allhiseffortswereofnoavail.他的努力都沒(méi)有用。[思維拓展]makeefforts(aneffort,everyeffort)做出努力sparenoeffort不遺余力，盡力去做with(an)effort努力地withouteffort毫不費(fèi)勁[即學(xué)即練]What'sthepoint，inyouropinion，ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeaneffortto_help(help)himself?14eq\a\vs4\al(suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等受苦)[典型例句]Manypeoplearestillsufferingfromstarvation.很多人仍舊在忍受饑餓之苦。Japanissufferinganotherdisasterbecauseofthenuclearleak.日本因核泄漏正遭遇另一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。[易混辨析]suffer,sufferfrom易混詞區(qū)分例句suffersuffer后的賓語(yǔ)多為pain,defeat,loss,poverty等，表示的是所受之苦。Hesufferedmanydefeatsbeforesuccess.勝利前他失敗了很多次。sufferfromfrom后的賓語(yǔ)表示的是受苦的緣由。Thechildsuffersfrommeasles.這個(gè)小孩得了麻疹。[思維拓展]sufferingn．(身體、精神上的)苦痛，苦惱，苦難的經(jīng)驗(yàn)suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受結(jié)果/遭遇重大損失/負(fù)傷sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭遇頭痛/疾病的困擾/斗爭(zhēng)/洪水[即學(xué)即練]MrsWhite'slittleboyissufferingfromabadflubugagain.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)一單句語(yǔ)法填空1．“Nicemeetingyou，Zoe，”Isaidandslid(slide)off.2．Helicoptersrescued(rescue)nearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.3．Thedamaged(damage)carisbeyondrepair.4．Thiswilldogreatdamagetooursociety.5．Thelittleboywastheonlyonewhosurvived(survive)theearthquakeinhisvillage，andthegovernmentsenthimtoacityschoolafterthat.6．Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwascompletelydestroyed(destroy)．7．Theclimateaffects(affect)theamountoftherainfall，sowemustpayattentiontoit.8．Thewallsheltered(shelter)usfromthewindinthelastwinter.9．Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.10．Shewasshocked(shock)andwenttotheteachertoaskwhy.11．Iaminshock.Istillcan'tbelieveit'strue.12．Herantheriskofbeing_trapped(trap)inthefire.13．Iwaslookingformyhandbag，whichwas_buried(bury)underapileofoldnewspapers.14．Wehavetobreatheinandoutsomanytimesaminute.1eq\a\vs4\al(setup設(shè)立；建立)[典型例句]Theysetupaspecialcommitteetolookintothematter.他們?cè)O(shè)立了一個(gè)特地的委員會(huì)來(lái)調(diào)查此事。Theydecidedtosetupanewschool.他們確定建一所新學(xué)校。[思維拓展]setoff動(dòng)身；動(dòng)身；起先setout動(dòng)身；動(dòng)身setabout(doingsth.)起先(做某事)[即學(xué)即練]—Havegreatchangestakenplaceinyourvillage?—Yes.Anewschoolwassetupinthevillagelastyear.2eq\a\vs4\al(asusual像平常一樣)[典型例句]Hewouldgohome，asusual，forChristmas.他像平常一樣回家過(guò)圣誕節(jié)。Ishallleavetheofficeatthesametimeasusual.我將在和平常一樣的時(shí)間離開(kāi)辦公室。[即學(xué)即練]WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.3eq\a\vs4\al(asif似乎；似乎；仿佛)[典型例句]Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那孩子跟我們談起話來(lái)，像個(gè)大人似的。Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasifshewasangry.她匆忙離開(kāi)了房間，似乎很生氣的樣子。Itlooksasifitwillrainbeforelong.看起來(lái)一會(huì)兒就要下雨了。[思維拓展]asif＝asthough仿佛；似乎evenif＝eventhough即使留意：若asif引導(dǎo)的從句可能是真實(shí)的事或情形時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣；若與事實(shí)相反或不符，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用were；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。(1)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，假如是客觀的事實(shí)，用真實(shí)的語(yǔ)氣；假如是不行能發(fā)生的事，只是一種想象、揣測(cè)，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.烏云密布，天看起來(lái)像要下雨了。Itlooksasiftheskywerefallingdown.天看起來(lái)似乎要塌下來(lái)似的。(2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Hetalksasifheweretheowneroftheworld.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，be動(dòng)詞用were)他說(shuō)起話來(lái)似乎他主宰這個(gè)世界似的。Hetalksasifhehadbeentothemoon.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí))他說(shuō)起話來(lái)似乎他去過(guò)月球似的。Shetalksandtalksasifshewouldneverstop.(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would＋動(dòng)詞原形)她說(shuō)呀說(shuō)呀，似乎恒久也說(shuō)不完。(3)asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用省略形式，后面接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)，也可跟分詞或不定式。如：Hetalksasifaphilosopher.他說(shuō)起話來(lái)就似乎是一個(gè)哲學(xué)家似的。Theladycriedandlaughedasifmad.這位女士哭了又笑，似乎瘋了。Tomdroppedhisheadanddidn'tdaresayaword,asifnotknowingtheanswer.湯姆低垂著頭不敢說(shuō)話，似乎不知道答案。Hetalksasifdrunk.從他談話的樣子來(lái)看，他像是醉了。Tomopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.湯姆張開(kāi)嘴似乎要說(shuō)什么。[即學(xué)即練](1)—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—Itsoundsasiftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.(2)Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedasifto_see(see)whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.4eq\a\vs4\al(nothingbut除……外什么也沒(méi)有；只有；僅僅)[典型例句]FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothingbutagreatfireandlotsofsmoke.一連好幾英里，除了大火和濃煙我什么也看不見(jiàn)。Hedidnothingbutsleepalldaylong.他什么也不干，成天睡覺(jué)。Icandonothingbutobeyit.我只能聽(tīng)從。[思維拓展]anythingbut絕不，根本不Iwasanythingbuthappyaboutgoing.我一點(diǎn)也不情愿出去。[即學(xué)即練]Underthesoilthereisnothingbutsand.5eq\a\vs4\al(tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的)[典型例句]Tensofthousandsofpeoplewerewatchingthegameinthestadiumwhenitbegantorain.數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的人正在體育館看競(jìng)賽，這時(shí)天突然下起雨來(lái)。[誤區(qū)警示]thousand,hundred等前有詳細(xì)數(shù)字時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)，后接名詞時(shí)不用of；但假如是表示不確定的數(shù)目，即表示“概數(shù)”時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且后跟of。如：twohundredstudents兩百名學(xué)生hundreds/thousandsof...數(shù)以百計(jì)/千計(jì)的……[思維拓展]hundredsof數(shù)以百計(jì)的thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì)的dozensof很多；大量scoresof很多；大量millionsof數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的hundredsandhundredsof成百上千的hundredsofthousandsof成千上萬(wàn)的[即學(xué)即練]Thousandsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinthecity.6eq\a\vs4\al(digout掘出；發(fā)覺(jué))[典型例句]Theydugoutanoldvase.他們挖出了一個(gè)舊花瓶。Itriedtodigoutthetruth.我設(shè)法探出真相。[思維拓展]diginto挖掘；深化鉆研digup找出；查明[即學(xué)即練]Imustremembertodigoutthatbookforyou.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)二單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wesetaboutpainting(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.2．Asusual，theyleftthechildrenathomewithSusan.3．ItsoundsasifyouhavehadagoodtimeinQingdao.4．Politenesscostsnothingbutwinseverything.5．ThegentlemanwillbedevotedtoLilyforever，eventhough/ifshetreatshimbadly.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都驚慌得不敢吃食，狗也拒絕進(jìn)入建筑物中。(1)這是由并列連詞and連接的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句。(2)too...to...太……而不能Thewiresaretoohighforchildrentoreach.線太高，孩子們夠不著。Hewastooilltotravel.他病得太重了，不能遠(yuǎn)行。It'stoohotadaytowork.天氣太熱了，無(wú)法工作。[思維拓展]too...to...句型在下列狀況下表示確定意義：(1)與某些表示心情的或描述性的形容詞連用時(shí)，too相當(dāng)于very，意為“特別”。此類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有happy,glad,easy,ready,willing,nervous,good,kind,surprised等。在該用法中，常在too前加上only,but,all,simply或just，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Tomis(only)toogladtohelpyou.湯姆特別樂(lè)意幫助你。Theyare(all)toowillingtotaketheopinionsofothers.他們都特別情愿接受別人的看法。(2)too前有not,never,can't等否定詞修飾時(shí)構(gòu)成雙重否定，表示確定意義，意為“并非太……；不會(huì)太……；再……也不過(guò)分”。Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.英語(yǔ)并不難學(xué)。It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老。Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework.你做作業(yè)越細(xì)致越好。[即學(xué)即練]Theproblemistoodifficultforthestudentstoworkout.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身，魚(yú)也從水中跳出來(lái)。句中and連接兩個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)潔句。lookingfor...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是Mice?，F(xiàn)在分詞除了作伴隨狀語(yǔ)外還可作時(shí)間、條件、緣由、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他走了出去，將門(mén)關(guān)上了。(伴隨狀語(yǔ))Hearingthegoodnews，hejumpedupwithjoy.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息，他興奮地跳了起來(lái)。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))[即學(xué)即練]Hewaslyingonthegrasslooking(look)atthestarsinthesky.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！,世界末日似乎到了！)(1)asif引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，asif“仿佛；似乎”。Itseemedasif...意為“看起來(lái)似乎……”。(2)cometoanend結(jié)束；終止Themeetinghascometoanend.會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。Theirquarrelcametoanendfinally.他們的爭(zhēng)吵最終結(jié)束了。[誤區(qū)警示]cometoanend的主語(yǔ)是物，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。若表示“使……結(jié)束”，則用bringsth.toanend。如：Hemanagedtobringtheterriblesituationtoanend.他設(shè)法結(jié)束了這種糟糕的局面。[思維拓展]beatanend結(jié)束attheendof在……的終點(diǎn)reachtheendoftheline/road山窮水盡intheend最終，最終makeendsmeet使收支相抵；牽強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)whenitcomes/cametosth./doingsth.談到……；說(shuō)到……Itcomes/cametosb.that...某人突然想到……[即學(xué)即練]Thankfully，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.,居住在那兒的人有三分之二死亡或受傷。)(1)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Twothirdsofthepeopleweredeadorinjured；wholivedthere是定語(yǔ)從句，thepeople是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。(2)two-thirds是英語(yǔ)中的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法。在英語(yǔ)中，表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。假如分子大于1，分母則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即其后加-s。one-third三分之一aquarter四分之一ahalf二分之一three-fourths四分之三two-fifths＝twofifths五分之二[誤區(qū)警示](1)分?jǐn)?shù)的分子與分母之間的連字符可有可無(wú)。(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)＋n.”在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Three-fourthsofthestudentslikewatchingmovies.四分之三的學(xué)生喜愛(ài)看電影。[即學(xué)即練]Onlyone-thirdofthe60questionswereansweredcorrectly.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.,成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)孩子變成了孤兒。)(1)Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents是．..leftthousandsofchildrenwithoutparents的被動(dòng)形式。withoutparents是介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。(2)leave表示“使處于……狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可構(gòu)成“l(fā)eave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))等充當(dāng)。Youshouldn'thaveleftallthewindowsopenwhenyouweresleeping.你睡覺(jué)時(shí)本不該開(kāi)著全部的窗子的。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))Sheranaway，leavingherboyfriendintherainalone.她跑開(kāi)了，留她的男友一個(gè)人在雨中。(介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))It'simpoliteofyoutoleavethegueststandingoutsideforhalfanhour.你讓客人在外面站了半個(gè)小時(shí)真是不禮貌。(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.大部分菜客人們都沒(méi)有動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾恍锌凇?過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))[即學(xué)即練]Weshouldnotleavethetapwaterrunning(run)orwasteanymeterialsinthelabclass.eq\o(\s\up7(6),\s\do5())Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.地震中死亡和受傷的人數(shù)超過(guò)40萬(wàn)。(1)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people，who是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。(2)thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)目”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在快速增加。[思維拓展]anumberof等同于many，意為“很多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，當(dāng)其所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Quiteanumberofyoungpeoplebelievethatmoneyisapassporttohappiness.相當(dāng)一部分年輕人認(rèn)為金錢(qián)是獲得華蜜的通行證。[即學(xué)即練]Anumberofteachersare(be)presenttoday；thenumberofthemis(be)300.eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.,生還者目及之處無(wú)一不是廢墟。)Everywhere在句中作連詞用，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“所到之處”。Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.他們每到一處都受到了友好的接待。EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)覺(jué)同樣的狀況。[思維拓展](1)everywhere可用作副詞用作副詞時(shí)，不要在其前運(yùn)用in,at,to之類的介詞。如：I'velookedeverywhereforit.我到處都找過(guò)它了。Hetakeshisdogwithhimeverywhere.他無(wú)論到哪兒都帶著他的狗。留意：有時(shí)依據(jù)須要可與介詞from連用。如：Congratulationspouredinfromeverywhere.慶賀像潮水一樣從四面八方涌來(lái)。(2)everywhere可用作表語(yǔ)用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示某種狀況很普遍。如：Girlswithlonghairwereeverywhereinthe1960s.在二十世紀(jì)六十年頭女孩子留長(zhǎng)發(fā)的現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)普遍。(3)everywhere可用作名詞，作主語(yǔ)。Everywhereseemedtobesilent.萬(wàn)籟俱寂。[即學(xué)即練]ThedogfollowedmeeverywhereIwent.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)三單句語(yǔ)法填1．Thechildistoo