專題03人工智能-備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語閱讀理解熱點話題特訓(xùn)

03人工智能Passage1AI（人工智能）makesourliveseasierandbetter.Let’sseetheamazingAI.CooldriverlessbusAbusdooropensandyougeton.Wait!Whereisthedriver?HereisanewkindofdriverlessbuscalledApolong.Ithas14seatsanddoesn’tneedadriver.Thebusfollowstrafficrules.Itwillstopassoonasitseesstoplight.YourclosefriendHi,everyone.I’mXiaobing,achatbot（聊天機器人）.Ispeaklikea17-year-oldgirl.Ifyoufeellonely,youcantalkwithme.I’mtalentedatsinging,writingpoemsandtellingstories.Iwanttobeyourfriend!World’sfirstAlanchor（主播）Hey,look!ThefamousChineseanchorQiuHaoisreportingthenewsforus.But,is“he”reallyQiuHao?Theansweris“no”.Thisistheworld’sfirstAIanchor.Itlooksandspeaksjustlikearealperson.Itcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.YoumightseeitonTVsoon.PopularAIartistThisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauction（拍賣）in2020.Thepaintingisworthabout3,000,000yuan!Butitisnotaworkbyafamouspainter,suchasVincentvanGogh.ItwaspaintedbyanAIartist.ThreeFrenchmencreatedtheAIartist.Itstudiedover15,000paintings.Inthisway,itlearnedtopaint.1．ThefactaboutApolongisthat________.A．thebusdoorcan’topenitself B．itwillstopassoonasitseesastoplightC．thereare24seatsinit D．itdoesn’tfollowthetrafficrules2．XiaobingcanNOT________.A．goouttoplaywithyou B．talkwithyouifyoufeellonely C．sing D．beyourfriend3．Thepainting________.A．wasatanauctionin2019 B．isworthabout3,000,000yuanatanauctionC．isaworkpaintedbyVincentvanGogh D．wasstudiedbythreeFrenchartistsover15,000times4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．AImakesourlivesharderandworse.B．Thisnewkindofdriverlessbusalsoneedsadrivertocontrolit.C．Xiaobingisa17-year-oldgirl.D．TheAIanchorcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.5．Wecanprobablyreadthepassagein________.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)notice C．a(chǎn)newspaper D．a(chǎn)novelPassage2Foraslongashumanshaveappeared,wehavebeenthemostintelligentspecies（種類）onEarth.Monkeysknowhowtousesimpletools.Elephantscanbetaughthowtocount.Butthingslikeart,literature（文學(xué)）,theInternet,andspacetravelhaveonlybeenmadepossiblebytheamazingintelligenceofhumans.Andyet,therearesomewhobelievethatwecancreatemachinesthatcanthinkandfeeljustlikewedo.Artificialintelligence（人工智能）,orAI,isdefined（定義為）byMerriam-Websteras“thecapabilityofamachinetoimitateintelligenthumanbehavior”.AIisarounduseveryday.FromApple’svoice-activatedassistantSiritothesoftwarealgorithms（算法）thatshippingcompaniesusetodealwithdeliveries（投遞）,AIisverymuchapartofourlives.Butwhydoweputsomucheffortintocreatingmachinesthatcanthinkthewaywedo?Foronething,AIcanmakeourlivesmucheasier.Imaginebeingabletobeinacar,tellityourdestination,andsitbackincomfortastheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere.We’realreadygettingthere—ChangshabecamethefirstcityinChinatorolloutself-drivingtaxisinApril2020.However,therearerisks.Whatifwesomehowproducedanartificialintelligencethatwassmarterthanus?Howwoulditbehavetowardus?ThesearethekindsofdifficultquestionsthatAIresearchersaskthemselvesallthetime.Apartfromtherisks,itisalreadyclearthatAIisheretostay.Onlytimewilltellifitwillleadusintoanewageofprosperity（繁榮）,orbeourend.6．Thefirstparagraphiswrittento________.A．explainhowanimalsareintelligent B．showwhatfieldsAIcanbeusedinC．provethepossibilityofspacetravel D．explainhowintelligencemakeshumansspecial7．WhichofthefollowingmightnottakeadvantageofAI?A．Voice-activatedassistants. B．Softwarealgorithmsfordeliveries.C．Machinesthatproducegoods. D．Self-drivingtaxis.8．WhatisoneoftherisksaboutAI?A．Wemightnotbeabletolivewithoutitinthefuture.B．Wecan’tsayforsurehowAIwillbehavetowardus.C．AIwillneverbeassmartashumans.D．ItisnoteasytoputAIintodailyuse.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph4referto?A．Anendpoint. B．Aname. C．Awish D．Afeeling.10．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsAI?A．Itwillbegood. B．Itwillbebad.C．It’sgoingtobepartofourfuture. D．It’sriskyandhorrible.Passage3TheAI(人工智能)haschangedourlives.TherearefourusefulAIinventionshere.JiugeTheAIcanremember300,000Chinesepoemsclearly.What’smore,itcanwriteapoeminaveryshorttime.InaCCTVshow,Jiugebeatthreegreatpoemfansfromafamouscollege.ForpheusTheping-pongrobotcanplayinaneasywaywithabeginnerandadifficultwaywithabetterplayer.What’smore,itnotonlyencouragesplayerswithwordslike“Goodjob!”butalsogivessomegoodadvicetoimprovetheirskills.Self-drivingAIItcandrivethecarmoresafelythanhumans.Itdoesn’tdrinkwineandneverfeelstired.Itcandowhatwehumansdo.Forexample,ifacarwiththisAIhaspassedabus,itwillflash(閃)twowhitelightssidetosidetoshowthankstothebus.FacialRecognition(人臉識別)Itisusedalotintheworld,suchasACS.ACSwon’tletastrangerinwithoutthehouseowner’spermission(允許).Payingbyfacialrecognitioniscommonnow.ThepoliceinHangzhouevencaughtacriminal(罪犯)ataconcertwithitshelp.11．WhyisJiugespecial?A．Becauseitcanplaytheviolin.B．Becauseit’sgoodatpoems.C．Becauseitcandrivecarssafely.D．BecauseitwasonCCTV.12．WhatwillForpheusdowhileplaying?A．Itwillguesswhatjobtheplayeris.B．Itwillbeangryiftheplayerisabeginner.C．Itwillsay“Whatashame!”totheplayer.D．Itwillchangeitswayofplayingaccordingtodifferentplayers.13．WhendoestheSelf-drivingAIcarflashtwowhitelightssidetoside?A．Whenthecarhastostop.B．Whenthecarwantstoslowdown.C．Whenthecarisreadytospeedup.D．Whenithaspassedothervehicles.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ACS”meaninChinese?A．電子商務(wù) B．門禁控制 C．社會福利 D．公共衛(wèi)生15．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．NoonecanbeatForpheus.B．Jiugehaswritten300,000poems.C．FacialRecognitionhelpedthepolicecatchacriminal.D．Self-drivingAIcanmakesubwaytrainssafer.Passage4Driverlesscarsarecoming.Suchcarswillmakegettingfromoneplacetoanothersaferandlessstressful.Theyalsocouldreducepollution.Buthowshoulddriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies(緊急情況)?Peopledisagreeontheanswer.Andthatmightputthebrakes(剎車)onthistechnology,anewstudyconcludes.Tounderstandthechallenge,imagineacarthatsuddenlymeetssomewalkersintheroad.Evenwithbraking,it’stoolatetoavoidacrash.Sothecar’sartificialintelligence(人工智能)mustdecidewhethertoswerve(急轉(zhuǎn)彎).Tosavethewalkers,shouldthecarswerveofftheroadorswerveintobusytraffic?Whatifsuchchoiceswouldlikelykillthecar’spassengers?Researchersusedonlinesurveystostudypeople’sattitudesaboutsuchsituationswithdriverlesscars.Peoplemostlyagreedthatdriverlesscarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectthemostpeople.Butthereisaproblem.Thosesamesurveyedpeoplealsowanttoprotectpassengersatallcosts—evenifthewalkerswouldnowendupdying.“Driverlesscarscancompletelychangetransportation”,saysIyadRahwan.But,headds,thisnewtechnologycreatesamoralproblemthatcouldslowitsacceptance.Makersofdriverlesscarsareinahardsituation,Bonnefbn’sgroupwarns.Mostbuyerswouldwanttheircarstobedesignedtoprotectthemselvesfirst.However,rulesmightonedayinstructthatcarsmustactforthegreatergood.Thatwouldmeansavingthemostpeople.Butthescientiststhinkruleslikethiscoulddriveawaybuyers.TheexpertKurtGraythinksthatevenifalldriverlesscarsaredesignedtoprotecttheirpassengersinemergencies,trafficaccidentswilldecrease.Thosecarsmightbedangeroustowalkersonrareoccasions.Buttheywon’tspeed,won’tdrivedrunkwhiledriving,whichwouldbeawinforsociety.16．Theunderlinedword“challenge”inParagraph2refersto________.A．people’snegativeattitudestowardsdriverlesscarsB．howdriverlesscarsreducetrafficaccidentsC．thetechnicalproblemsthatdriverlesscarshaveD．howdriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies17．Accordingtothetext,onlinesurveysshowthat________.A．driverlesscarsartificialintelligenceneedsimprovementB．thebusytrafficmaybeaproblemfordriverlesscarsC．peoplehaveamoralproblemaboutdriverlesscarsD．driverlesscarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectdrivers18．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A．Rulesareinsupportofdrivers.B．Mostpeopledislikedriverlesscarsnow.C．Driverlesscarmakersareinahardsituation.D．Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarsareintroduced.19．WhatisKurtGray’sattitudetowarddriverlesscars?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Scared.Passage5Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligence（AI，人工智能）isahottopicthesedays.AImakesitpossibleformachinestolearnfromexperienceandperformhuman-liketasks.ButwhatisthefutureofAI?Willitbeagoodthing?Weaskedfourstudentswhattheythink.IthinkAIwillbemoreusefulinourfuturelives.It’snowusedinmanyfieldslikephonesandmedicine.Noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomesmarterthanhumans.However,I’msureAIwillhelpussolvemanyproblems.（Tina）Iamworriedthatpeoplecreatesomethingthatcanbebetterthanthemselves.Inthenearfuture,AIwilldevelopatahighspeed.HumansmaybereplacedbecauseAIrobotswilldolotsofhumanjobs.（Bill）IreallythinkthatAIwillchangethewaywework,thewaywelive,andthewaywethink.ImagineifwecouldputaCPU（中央處理器）intoourbrains!Soonwe’llbeabletoimproveourmathandmemory.Howexciting!（Mary）Thinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow.Somerobotsareusedtokillanimalsunderhumanorders.SoIthinkAIwillbeverydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobecarefulaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.（John）20．WhobelievesAIwillbemoreusefulinourfuturelives?A．Bill. B．Mary. C．Tina. D．John.21．WhatdoesJohnthinkofAI?A．Exciting. B．Dangerous. C．Smart. D．Helpful.22．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Abusinessmagazine. B．Atravelguide.C．Ageographymagazine. D．Asciencemagazine.Passage6Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyfilmsaboutrobotstryingtotakeovertheworld.Studiesshowthatupto20millionfactoryjobsworldwidecouldbetakenbyrobotsinthenext10years.Somepeopleareworriedaboutwhatmighthappeninthefuture.On8thSeptember,2020,TheGuardianpublished(發(fā)表)anarticlewrittenbyarobotcalledGPT-3.Itwrotethat“robot”comesfromtheGreekwordfor“slave”(奴隸)andhumanshavenothingtofearfromrobots,whichareonlyheretohelphumans.However,thefactthatarobotcouldwritesuchanarticlehasmadesomepeoplefeelevenmoreuneasy.Whereistherobottechnologyheading?Canrobotsandhumansworktogether?YES-they’reheretohelphumansRobotsarecreatedbyhumansforhumans.Robotstakeonjobsthataretoodangerousforpeopletodobythemselves.Althoughrobotsmighttakesomepeople’sjobs,theywillcreatenewtypesofwork,andtheywillpossiblycreatemorejobsthantheytakeaway.Besides,robots’programmingcouldactuallymakethemmoretrustworthythanhumans,becausetheyarenotinfluencedbyfeelings.NO—humansshouldnottrustrobotsRobotsarealreadytakingovertheworld.Jobsthatusedtobedonebyhumanbeingsarenowbeingtakenbyrobots.Althoughrobotsareunderourcontrolnow,thatmightnotalwaysbethecase.AnexperimentinSwitzerlandfoundthatsomerobotshadlearnthowtolietoeachother.WiththedevelopmentofAI(人工智能),robotscouldstarttoactintheirowninterests.Whereverpossible,humansshoulddothingsthemselves.What’syouropiniononthismatter?23．Whatlanguagedoestheword“robot”comefrom?A．Greek B．English C．German D．French24．WhenlearningthatGPT-3couldwriteanarticle,somepeoplefeel________.A．a(chǎn)ngry B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed25．Whatadvantageofrobotsismentionedinthetext?A．Actingintheirowninterests B．DevelopingfilmingtechnologyC．Workingwithdifferentfeelings D．Doingunsafeworkforhumans26．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPT-3willtakeovertheworldB．SomerobotshavelearnthowtobelazyC．RobotsarestillunderthecontrolofhumansnowD．20millionpeoplefearthattheywilllosetheirjobs27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WillRobotsBecomeCreative? B．ShouldHumansTrustRobots?C．WillRobotsDoHarmtoHumans? D．ShouldHumansDoThingsThemselves?Passage7Now,AI（人工智能）issmartenoughtocheckloneliness（孤獨）inhumans.AnewstudyshowshowAIcanknowthedegreesoflonelinessfromaperson’swords.80peopleaged66to94tookpartinthestudybecausetheyoftenfeltlonely.Theywereasked20questions,suchas“Howoftendoyoufeellonely?”and“Howoftendoyougettogetherwithyourfriends?”Theinterestingthingisthatitusesdictionary-basedmethods.Forexample,itcanlookforwordstoshowfears.Italsogivesanswersbytestingtheirwords.Ifpeoplefeltlonelier,theiranswersaboutlonelinesswerelonger.Itcanknowthedegreesoflonelinessineachtopic.Italsoshowsdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.Ifamanfeltlonely,heusedmorewordstoshowhisfears.Ifawomanfeltlonely,sheexpressedherlonelyfeelingsdirectly.28．Whydid80oldpeopletakepartinthestudy?A．Theyhadnomoney. B．Theyoftenfeltlonely. C．Theyhadmoretime.29．Ifpeoplefeltlonelier,theiranswersaboutlonelinesswere______.A．longer B．shorter C．nicer30．Whichcolumn（欄目）ofthenewspaperdoesthepassagecomefrom?A．Travel. B．Science. C．Sports.31．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．HelpOthers B．ChangetheWorld C．CheckLonelinessbyAIPassage8Artificialintelligence（AI）（人工智能）istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers“smart”.JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwiththename“artificialintelligence”over60yearsago.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaspeopledo.AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprograms.Theycanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically（邏輯地）.Atpresent,weusethetermAIforsuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizing（識別）humanfaces,operatingself-drivingcarsandcompetinginsomegamesystemslikeplayingchess.However,somepeoplealsoconsiderAIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.ProfessorStephenHawking（霍金）,afamousBritishscientistwasnotforthiskindoftechnology.MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifstudentsaregoodatmath,theywillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners（設(shè)計者）inthefuture.Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage（普通的）students.Asfor（對于）averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.Scientistshopetocreatecreativeandemotional（有感情的）AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.32．FromParagraph1,weknowthat_____.A．a(chǎn)llproblemscanbesolvedbycomputersB．machineswithAIcanthinkandlearnC．AIhasbeenaroundforonly60yearsD．AIworksinthesamewayaspeople33．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto（指）_____inthepassage.A．thedanger B．chess C．a(chǎn)scientist D．AI34．Accordingtothepassageandthefollowingschoolreport,_____willmostprobablybecomeasuccessfulAIdesigner.SchoolReportSubject/NameMath(100)Art(100)Computer(100)Mike609595Peter956590Amy659095Cathy959560A．Mike B．Peter C．Amy D．Cathy35．Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientists’_____aboutAI.A．wishes B．worries C．feelings D．discoveries【答案】1．B2．A3．B4．D5．C【詳解】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹無人駕駛巴士、聊天機器人、第一個人工智能主播和人工智能藝術(shù)家，說明了人工智能使我們的生活更輕松、更好。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cooldriverlessbus部分的最后一句“Itwillstopsassoonasitseesstoplight.”可知它一看到紅燈就會停止。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yourclosefriend部分的內(nèi)容可知，B、C、D三項都有提及，唯獨沒有提到A項。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PopularAIartist部分的前兩句“Thisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauctionin2020.Thepaintingisworthabout3,000,000yuan!”可知這幅畫價值約300萬元。故選B。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)World’s’firstAIanchor部分“Itcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.”可知它能工作24小時并且不犯錯。故選D。5.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了四種人工智能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，推測可能在報紙上看到。故選C。6．D7．C8．B9．A10．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了AI科學(xué)技術(shù)帶來的生活便利以及其潛在的風(fēng)險。6．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Butthingslikeart,literature（文學(xué)）,theInternet,andspacetravelhaveonlybeenmadepossiblebytheamazingintelligenceofhumans”可知，像藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和太空旅行這樣的事情，只有靠人類驚人的智慧才能成為可能，因此第一段主要講了智力如何使人類變得特別。故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FromApple’svoice-activatedassistantSiritothesoftwarealgorithms（算法）”和“astheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere”可知，自動駕駛、蘋果的聲控助手以及軟件算法都利用了AI技術(shù)。故選C。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatifwesomehowproducedanartificialintelligencethatwassmarterthanus?Howwoulditbehavetowardus?”如果我們制造了一個比我們更聰明的人工智能呢？它會如何對待我們？可知，人工智能的風(fēng)險之一是我們不能確定人工智能將如何對待我們。故選B。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“sitbackincomfortastheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere.”可知，你只要舒適地坐著，由人工智能引導(dǎo)的自動駕駛汽車會帶你去那里，因此destination代指“你要去的地方或者終點”。故選A。10．觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Apartfromtherisks,itisalreadyclearthatAIisheretostay.Onlytimewilltellifitwillleadusintoanewageofprosperity（繁榮）,orbeourend.”可知，除了風(fēng)險之外，人工智能顯然將繼續(xù)存在下去。只有時間才能告訴我們，它會引領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入一個繁榮的新時代，還是我們的末日。這些說明了AI技術(shù)將會是我們未來生活的一部分。故選C。11．B12．D13．D14．B15．C【分析】文章主要介紹了四個有用的人工智能發(fā)明。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheAIcanremember300,000Chinesepoemsclearly.What’smore,itcanwriteapoeminaveryshorttime.”可知，因為它擅長詩歌的記憶和寫作。故選B。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theping-pongrobotcanplayinaneasywaywithabeginnerandadifficultwaywithabetterplayer.”可知，它會根據(jù)不同的玩家而改變游戲方式。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forexample,ifacarwiththisAIhaspassedabus,itwillflashtwowhitelightssidetosidetoshowthankstothebus.”可知，當(dāng)它超過其他車輛時會閃爍兩個白燈，以示感謝，故選D。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“ACSwon’tletastrangerinwithoutthehouseowner’spermission.”可知，沒有房主的許可，ACS不會讓陌生人進(jìn)來，說明這是管理人員出入的系統(tǒng)，所以ACS指的是“門禁控制”，故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThepoliceinHangzhouevencaughtacriminalataconcertwithitshelp.”可知，面部識別技術(shù)幫助警方抓獲了罪犯。故選C。16．D17．C18．C19．A【分析】本文介紹了無人駕駛汽車的優(yōu)點和應(yīng)對緊急情況面臨的問題。無人駕駛汽車更安全，壓力更小，還可以減少污染。無人駕駛汽車面對緊急情況面臨的道德兩難的問題，以及無人駕駛汽車制造商處境艱難。專家認(rèn)為所有無人駕駛汽車的設(shè)計都是為了在緊急情況下保護(hù)乘客，交通事故也會減少。這些汽車在極少數(shù)情況下可能對步行者造成危險。但他們不會超速，不會酒后駕車，這將是社會的勝利。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文（第一段四句）“Buthowshoulddriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies?”和句中“imagineacarthatsuddenlymeetssomewalkersintheroad.”可知，第2段中下劃線“challenge”一詞指無人駕駛汽車如何應(yīng)對緊急情況；故選D。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“…Thosesamesurveyedpeoplealsowanttoprotectpassengersatallcosts—evenifthewalkerswouldnowendupdying.”可知，網(wǎng)上調(diào)查表明，人們關(guān)注在緊急情況時，對于無人駕駛汽車是先保護(hù)行人安全還是先保護(hù)乘客安全陷入了道德困境。故選C。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Makersofdriverlesscarsareinahardsituation”可知，無人駕駛汽車制造商處境艱難。故選C。19．觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Buttheywon’tspeed,won’tdrivedrunkwhiledriving,whichwouldbeawinforsociety.”可知，KurtGray對無人駕駛汽車是支持的。故選A。20．C21．B22．D【分析】這篇短文主要介紹了人工智能的發(fā)展，及其人工智能的未來是什么樣的和四個學(xué)生的一些想法