2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars課時(shí)作業(yè)1含解析新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars課時(shí)作業(yè)13Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Reading部分的詞匯，完成下列小短文。寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。LiHuaisamiddleschoolstudent,wholikesastronomy1.________.Heknowsalotaboutsolar2.________system.Theboywantstobeanastronomerwithagoodknowledgeofspace.Heknowsknowledgeisfundamental3.________tohisdream.Thus4.________heisworkinghardtomakehisdreamcometrue.Hebelieveshewillbefamousallovertheglobe5.________.答案1．天文學(xué)2.太陽的3.基本的/基礎(chǔ)的4.因此5.地球Ⅱ.閱讀課文，完成下列練習(xí)1．Thetextmainlytellsusthe________oftheearthandthe________oflifeonit.2．Whichistherightorderofthedevelopmentoflife?A．Smallcleveranimals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→smallcleveranimals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→smallcleveranimals.D．Dinosaurs→shellfish→mammals→smallcleveranimals.答案1．formation;development2.CⅢ.閱讀課文HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH并回答下列問題1．Whatistherightorderaccordingtothetext?①Animalsappearedandspread.②Theformationoftheearth.③Plantsappeared.④Differencebetweentheearthandotherplanets.A．②—③—④—① B．②—④—③—①C．③—④—①—② D．②—①—④—③2．Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A．Itproducedalotofheat.B．Waterremained.C．Waterdisappeared.D．Itwastheoldestplanet.3．Whatisthemaincausethatlifewasabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A．Theearthhadasolidshape.B．Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C．Waterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D．Theearthwasneithertoohotnortoocold.4．Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A．Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B．Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C．Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D．Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.5．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．a(chǎn)fterthe“BigBang”，whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB．plantsappearedaftertheanimalsC．theplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD．plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimals答案1．B2.B3.C4.B5.DⅣ.依據(jù)課文HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH的內(nèi)容填空Theearthwasjustacloudof1.________afterthe“BigBang”.Theearth2.________loudlywithfireandrock.Theywerein3.________toproducemanythings,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve4.________gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstsmallplants5.________andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe6.________ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaursandsoonappearedaftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimals7.________allovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoo8.________carbondioxideintotheatmosphere,which9.________heatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewill10.________onwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.答案1．dust2.exploded3.time4.harmful5.multiplied6．development7.spread8.much9.prevents10.depend閱讀理解ATheearthistheonlyplanetthatscientiststhinkhaslife.Whydoestheearthhavelifewhileotherplanetsdon't?Foronething,theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.Asthe_third_planetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetswhichareclosertothesunaresohotthattheirsurfacesbakeinthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs.Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedaboutfourbillionyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintotheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.Onlyoneotherplanetinthesolarsystemseemstobesomethingliketheearth.ThatplanetisMars(火星).Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.Butitisnottoocoldforhumans.Onsomedays,thetemperaturesareaslowasawinterdayinthenorthernUnitedStates.Ifyouworeaspecialspacesuit,youcouldwalkaroundonMars.Youwouldhavetobringyourownairtobreathe,becausetheaironMarsistoothintobreathe.Marshasthelargestvolcano(火山)inthesolarsystem.Itissixteenmileshigh.Thehighestvolcanoontheearthisfivemileshigh.ThemostunexpectedsightonMarsisdried-upriverbeds.ScientistsbelievethatMarswasoncemuchbetterthanitisnow.DoesthismeantherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars?Scientistsarenotsure,buttherehasbeennosignsofar.1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthattheearthhaslife?A．Theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.B．ThevolcanosontheeartharelowerthanthoseonMars.C．Thereisoxygenintheatmosphereoftheearth.D．Theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceawayfromthesun.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thethirdplanet”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“________”．A．thesun B．themoonC．theearth D．Mars3．WhichofthefollowingaboutMarsisNOTtrue?A．TherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars.B．Marshasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem.C．ThereisalmostnooxygenintheaironMars.D．Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.答案與解析本文主要講解并描述的是地球適合人類生存的緣由以及科學(xué)家發(fā)覺火星與地球相像，但還沒有在火星上發(fā)覺生命跡象。1．B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合文章第一、二段可知地球有生命存在的緣由包括地球上合適的溫度、與太陽距離適中和大氣里含有氧氣等。火山與此無關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)。2．C推理推斷題。結(jié)合文章第一段的“Asthethirdplanetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.”可知這里的thethirdplanet指地球，故選C項(xiàng)。3．A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。文章最終一段提到火星上有干枯的河床的跡象，但這一點(diǎn)并不能證明火星上存在生命，故A項(xiàng)不正確。BZerogravitylookscool.Butwhataboutthethingnoonelikestotalkabout?Yes,thatisright:goingtothebathroom.Zerogravitymakesthiseverydaytaskquiteachallenge.Astronautshavetobetoilet-trainedalloveragain.TheApolloastronautsraisedthemselvesofftheseatoftheirchairsandstuckaclearplasticbagtotheirbacksideswithstickystrips.Asecondastronautwatchedcloselytobesurenowastematterescapedtheseal.(Youwouldnotwantthatstufffloatingaroundthecabin！)Whenthedeedwasdone,theastronautcleanedupwithapieceofplasticattachedtotheinsideofthebag,removedthebag,droppedadisinfectant(消毒劑)pillinwiththewastematter,andputthewholething,sealed,intoaspecialcontainer.DonaldW．Rethke,anengineerforHamiltonStandardSpaceSystems,developedamoreprivatewaytoanswernature'scall:thespacetoilet.Itissomewhatlikethekindoftoiletonewouldfindoncommercialairplanes—withuniqueadaptationsforzerogravity,ofcourse.Forinstance,ithasthighbarsthatkeeptheastronautfromfloatingofftheseat.Theastronaut(maleorfemale)defecates(排便)inabagandurinates(排尿)inahose.Solidandliquidwastesarekeptseparatedbecauseatleast85%oftheurineisrecycledand,yes,aftercarefulfiltration(過濾),usedfordrinkingandotherpurposes.(Waterisalwaysindemandinspace.)Avacuumfacilitysucksthewastematerialsintothetoilet,wherethewasteiscompactedintohamburger-likepattiesforeasystorage.Althoughnotexactlylikeanearthboundvisittothetoilet,itisattheveryleastmuchmoreprivatethanintheearlydaysofspacetravel.4．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thelackofthegravitycanturnsomethingassimpleas________intoamajorchallenge.A．eating B．takingbathsC．sleeping D．goingtotherestroom5．HowdidastronautsusetoiletsystemsintheApollodays?A．Noneofthewasteswereseparatedastheyarenow.B．Solidwasteswerecompressed(壓縮)andstoredonboard.C．Thetoiletunitsusedwatertoremovethewastesthroughthesystem.D．Theastronautseachusedtheirownprivaterestroom.6．Toensuretheuserremainsseated,thetoiletwasequippedwith________.A．a(chǎn)plasticbag B．a(chǎn)stickystripC．a(chǎn)widehose D．thighbars7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatmostoftheas