2024屆上海市虹口區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

虹口區(qū)2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷測(cè)試高三英語(yǔ)試卷2024.04考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Onafarm. B.Atalibrary.C.Inasnackbar. D.Inadepartmentstore.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Thecoloristerrific,butitsstyleseemsabitoutofdate.M:Oh,madam,that’spreciselywhyit’savailableatadiscount.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.7:00. B.7:30.C.8:00. D.8:30.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Don’tbetoohardonyourself.Startingamorningclassat7:00a.m.isquiteearlyafterall.W:No,actually,they’vemovedtheclasstostartat8:00a.m.now,butIstillendedupbeing30minuteslateyesterday.Q:Whendidthewomanarriveattheclassyesterday?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths. B.Sheisreallygoodatmaths.C.Shedoesn’tworkhardatmaths. D.Shedidn’tdowellinthistest.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Youdidwellinthemathstest,Ali.M:NotaswellasGill.She’sthebrainsinourclass!Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutGill?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Hegotinjuredyesterday. B.Hedidn’tfinishhispaperontime.C.Hefailedtosubmithispaperontime. D.Hecouldn’tfocushismindonthepaper.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:What’sup?Youlooksoupset.M:Ishouldhaveturnedinmypaperyesterday,butittotallyslippedmymind.Q:What’stheman’sproblem?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.HeadmiresEmmaforhercourage.B.Hedoesn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.C.HegetsangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.D.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinesscourse.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Emmareallylosthertemperduringthemeeting.Sheneedstobemorediplomatic.M:Iagreewithyouonthat,butwealsohavetoacknowledgeherbraveryinstandingupforwhatshebelievesin.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Thewomanislookingforaresearchtopic.B.Thewomanisstrugglingwithdataanalysis.C.Themanistoobusytoofferhelp.D.Themancan’tmakesenseofthedata.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’vebeenworkingonthisreallytoughpaperforweeks,andIjustcan’tfigureoutthepartaboutanalyzingdata.M:Igethowtoughthatcanbe.Howaboutyouexplainingthedatatome?Andtogetherwecanbrainstormsomeideas.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Theyarestressedoutduetotheirwork.B.Theycarelittleaboutthelackofofficesupplies.C.Theyareconcernedabouttheoffice’scleanliness.D.Theyaretornbetweenworkandfamilyresponsibilities.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelievehowbusytheofficehasbeenlately.There’ssomuchpaperworktohandleandthedeadlinesarepilingup.W:Itfeelslikewe’reconstantlyracingagainsttheclock.Q:Whatisthemainconcernofthespeakers?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.ProfessorWangisverygoodatteachingbiology.B.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavebiologyclass.C.Thebiologicalproblemishardforallthestudents.D.Themanstilldoesn’tunderstandtheproblem.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IthinkProfessorWangexplainedthebiologicalproblemveryclearly.M:Doyoureallythinkso?Unfortunately,it’sstillaclosedbooktome.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Styleschangemorequicklythannecessary.B.Youngstersdon’treallyknowwhatfashionis.C.Peopleshouldcaremoreabouttheirappearance.D.It’snotsensibletogoafterdesignerclothing.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tknowwhydesignerclothingissopopularamongyoungsters.W:Iseeeyetoeyewithyou.There’snopointindoingso.Ifonlytheyknewhowquicklystyleschange!Q:Whatopiniondothespeakersagreewith?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Themanmusttakehistoryclassesthisterm.B.Sciencecourseisnotavailablethisterm.C.Therewillbeanewhistoryteacherthisterm.D.Shedoesn’tknowwhattherequiredcoursesarethisterm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mtornaboutchoosinganelective.Lastterm’shistoryteacherwasrough,andIwantaniceronenow.W:Youdorealizethatart,history,andscienceareallrequiredcoursesthisterm,right?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.A.Amysteriouscode. B.Atheoryofpersonalitytypes.C.Apersonalitytype. D.Atesttoidentifyone’spersonality.12.A.Tojudgeanindividual’sabilities. B.Toidentifyabnormality.C.Tohelppeopleunderstandthemselves. D.Tohelpsettleworkplaceconflicts.13.A.Whetheritcanpromoteworkefficiency.B.Whetheritcanserveitsintendedpurpose.C.Whetheritcanpromotethepublicationofstudies.D.Whetheritcanshowpeople’spsychologicalstatus.【答案】11.C12.C13.B【解析】【原文】HaveyoueverheardsomeonedescribethemselvesasanINTJoranESTPandwonderedwhatthosemysteriousletterscouldmean?WhatthesepeoplearereferringtoistheirpersonalitytypebasedontheMyers-Briggs/?ma??zbr?gz/TypeIndicator,orMBTI.TheMBTIisaself-reportlistofquestionsdesignedtoidentifyaperson’spersonalitytype,strengths,andpreferences.ItwasdevelopedbyIsabelMyersandhermotherKatherineBriggsbasedontheirworkwiththetheoryofpersonalitytypes.BasedontheanswerstothequestionsontheMBTI,peopleareidentifiedashavingoneof16personalitytypes.ThegoaloftheMBTIistoallowrespondentstofurtherexploreandunderstandtheirownpersonalitiesincludingtheirlikes,dislikes,strengths,weaknesses,andpossiblecareerpreferences.Noonepersonalitytypeis“best”or“better”thananother.Itisn’tatooldesignedtolookforabnormality.Instead,itsgoalissimplytohelpyoulearnmoreaboutyourself.DespitethefactthatthousandsofstudiesusingtheMBTIhavebeenpublishedoverthedecades,someresearchersquestionthereliabilityofitsresults.Thatsaid,theMBTIremainsoneofthemostwidely-recognizedpersonalitytestsgloballyforitssimplicity,easeofuseandlongstandinghistoryasaworkplacetool.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.A.Theyhavebeensenttowildlifeparksforprotection.B.Theirhabitatshavebeenwell-protected.C.Theyhavebeentakencareofbylocals.D.Theirpopulationhasalmostdoubled.15.AShefoughtagainstillegalhunting. B.Shehelpedtocuretheirdisease.C.Sheimprovedtheirlivingconditions. D.Shewasengagedinpreservingforests.16.A.Toteachpeoplehowtotreatgorillas. B.ToboosttheeconomyofUganda.C.TobettertheBatwapeople’slives. D.Toraisefundsforwildlifeprotection.【答案】14.D15.B16.C【解析】【原文】Mountaingorillas,whichareverylargemonkeys,arefoundintheforestsofCongo,UgandaandRwanda/ru??ɑ?nd?/.Theyhavefacedmultiplethreatstotheirsurvivaloverthelast120years.Duetoillegalhunting,habitatlossandhuman-transferredillnesses,therewereonlyaround600leftby1989.Today,thatnumberhasincreasedtomorethan1000—thanksinparttotheworkofwildlifedoctorGladysKalema./?ɡl?d?s//k??le?m?/WhenKalema/k??le?m?/beganhercareerwiththeUgandaWildlifeAuthorityin1996,shetreatedmountaingorillassufferingfromadeadlyformofdiseasethattheyhadpickedupfromhumanslivingindirtyconditionsneartheforests.“Irealisedthatyoucannotprotectthegorillaswithoutimprovingthehealthoftheirhumanneighbours,”shesays.In2003,KalemafoundedanorganisationcalledConservationThroughPublicHealth,CTPHinshort,whichaddressesthephysicalandeconomicwellbeingofthelocalBatwapeoplewholiveintheforests.Theorganisationteacheshealth,conservationawarenessandprovideseconomicopportunitiesforfamiliesthatwouldotherwiseturntoillegalhunting.Kalema,wholastyearreceivedaUnitedNationsChampionoftheEarthAward,said:“We’reshowingpeoplethatwedon’tcareonlyaboutwildanimalsandtheforest.Wealsocareaboutthem.”聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.A.RaisingfundstofilmtheX-FilesTVseries.B.Switchingfromanacademicpathtoacting.C.Givingupthehard-wonpositionofadoctor.D.RejectingtheoffersfromtheIvyLeague.18.A.Beingthoughtfulandsomewhatofaloner. B.Havingascientificapproachtolife.C.Enjoyingriskyadventures. D.Beingoverlyoptimistic.19.A.Hedidn’tgotocollege. B.Heisseriousandfocused.C.Hedoesn’tbelieveinUFOs. D.Hesufferedalotfromhisdivorce.20.A.Youwillgrowstrongerbyovercomingchallenges.B.Youarenotsupposedtoblameothersevenifyouarehurt.C.Youcan’tpreventothershurtingyoufromtimetotime.D.Youwillbecomepowerfulifdrivenbyyourdesires.【答案】17.B18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodevening,David,I’msogladtohaveyouhere.M:It’smypleasure.Thankyouforinvitingmeontheshow.W:Let’sdiveintoyourroleasMulderinTheX-Files.Thecharacterissupposedtobeafirmbelieverinthingslikealiensandmysteriousevents.Howwasplayingthat?M:Exactly.It’safascinatingcharactertoplay.W:I’vereadaboutyourimpressiveacademicbackground.FromexcellingintopschoolstobeingacceptedbymostoftheIvyLeague.It’sevenmoresurprisingwhenyou,onyourwaytoadoctorateatYale,tookafewactingclassesandgotbeatenbythebook.M:Yeah,itsurprisedmymotherasmuchasanyone.W:SpeakingofMulder,doyoupersonallybelieveinlifebeyondEarthandUFOsightings,likeintheshow?M:Ido.There’sgottobemoreouttherethanweknow.W:AreyousimilartoMulderinbeingthoughtfulandabitofaloner?M:Isupposeso.Thedirectorneededsomeonewhocouldbeseriousandfocusedbutalsointegratewithoutseemingodd.W:Yourfatherandmotherdivorcedwhenyouwereeleven.Doesthathaveeffectonyourlife?M:Yeah,Ithinkthattheonlywaytothinkofitisthat,youknow,peoplearesaying“yourwoundisyourgoal”,youknow,“whereveryou’rehurt,that’swhereyou’llbecomestronger.”So,that’swhatit’sreallyabout.W:Thankyou,David.We’llpausehereforamomentandreturnshortly.Questions:1.WhatdecisiondidDavidmakethatsurprisedhismother?2.InwhatwaydoesDavidrelatetohischaracterMulder?3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDavid?4.Whatdoes“yourwoundisyourgoal”meanintheconversation?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NoFilmingatConcertsandMovieTheatersonPhones“Please,noflashphotography.”Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallydon’tdiscouragepeoplefromtakingphotosof____21____theyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaces____22____peopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayblockthatrule-breakingfeature—onphonesatleast.Thepatent,____23____(award)toAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenues,likeconcerthallsortheaters,touseaninfraredemitter(紅外發(fā)射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.Accordingtothepatent,infraredbeamscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasacommand____24____(block)theuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideos.Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows____25____theyobjecttothefreefootagecirculatingaroundtheweb.____26____this,imagesstillmanagetoleakout.Prince’slastconcertbeforehepassedawayinAprilwassupposedtobecellphone-free—itapparentlywasn’t.IfApple’spatent____27____(introduce)intoiPhonesoftware,withvenuesputtinginfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscouldpotentiallystophappening.Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingoverto____28____withmoreimmoralintentions.Giventhecompany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejust____29____(patent)thetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofcamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoid_____30_____(use)theprohibitivesoftware.【答案】21.what##whatever##something##anything22.where23.awarded24.toblock25.because##as##since26.Despite27.isintroduced28.someone##those29.patented30.using【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。蘋果公司剛剛為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)申請(qǐng)了專利，該系統(tǒng)將允許音樂廳或劇院等場(chǎng)所使用紅外發(fā)射器遠(yuǎn)程禁用智能手機(jī)上的攝像頭功能。根據(jù)該專利，紅外光束可以被相機(jī)拾取，并被智能手機(jī)解讀為阻止用戶拍攝任何照片或視頻的命令?！?1題詳解】考查連詞或者代詞。句意：像這樣禮貌的要求在世界各地的博物館都可以找到，但它們通常不會(huì)阻止人們拍攝自己喜歡的東西。分析句子可知，空格處為介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指物，可譯為“東西；事物”，可以用what(ever)連接賓語(yǔ)從句，或者something/anything為先行詞，theyfeellike是省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句。故填what(ever)/something/anything?！?2題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：音樂會(huì)、電影院和其他人們經(jīng)常忽視拍攝限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此處是限定性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為places，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故填where?！?3題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：在今天授予蘋果的這項(xiàng)專利概述了一種系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將允許音樂廳或劇院等場(chǎng)所使用紅外發(fā)射器遠(yuǎn)程禁用智能手機(jī)上的攝像頭功能。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。被修飾詞

Thepatent與award是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填awarded?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：根據(jù)該專利，紅外光束可以被相機(jī)拾取，并被智能手機(jī)解讀為阻止用戶拍攝任何照片或視頻的命令。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾command

，表目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填toblock?！?5題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：許多音樂家和表演者已經(jīng)禁止手機(jī)參加他們的演出，因?yàn)樗麄兎磳?duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流傳的免費(fèi)視頻。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。由句意可知，此處表示原因，應(yīng)用because/as/since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故填because/as/since。【26題詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管如此，圖像仍然會(huì)泄露出去。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入介詞。根據(jù)句意，此處指“雖然；盡管”，應(yīng)用介詞despite，置于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Despite?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果蘋果的專利被引入iPhone軟件，在舞臺(tái)周圍放置紅外發(fā)射器，這樣的泄漏可能會(huì)停止發(fā)生。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容可知，此處條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)Apple’spatent

與動(dòng)詞introduce是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填isintroduced?！?8題詳解】考查代詞。句意：但這項(xiàng)專利也引發(fā)了人們的疑問，即這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將把什么樣的權(quán)力交給意圖更不道德的人。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入代詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指人，應(yīng)使用someone/those作賓語(yǔ)。故填someone/those?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：考慮到該公司在警方要求侵入用戶設(shè)備時(shí)對(duì)個(gè)人隱私的嚴(yán)格支持，蘋果可能只是為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)申請(qǐng)了專利，這樣其他人就不會(huì)使用它。分析句子可知，空格處作謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文可知，“蘋果為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)申請(qǐng)專利”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用一般過去時(shí)。故填patented?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：但誰(shuí)知道呢，如果它真的打算在未來的操作系統(tǒng)中引入這一功能，攝像機(jī)甚至GoPros的銷售可能會(huì)得到急需的提振，因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)噲D避免使用這種令人望而卻步的軟件。根據(jù)空前的

avoid

可知，空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填using。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freezeH.mechanismI.novelJ.subsequentlyK.unstableScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(線蟲).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then___31___thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost___32___animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,___33___,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow___34___thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This___35___differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof___36___compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand___37___analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures___38___theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe___39___towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery____40____approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”【答案】31.B32.C33.E34.G35H36.K37.J38.D39.F40.I【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)研究表明，蠔菇可以利用一種特殊的有毒物質(zhì)冷凍并清除食蘑菇的線蟲。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：蘑菇生長(zhǎng)在營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的枯木上，然后吃掉蠕蟲為了獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后fornutrition可知，這些蠔菇為了營(yíng)養(yǎng)吃掉了蠕蟲。根據(jù)句意，此處指“吃；消耗”，故填consume。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：該研究的資深作者說：“線蟲恰好是這些蘑菇遇到的數(shù)量最多的動(dòng)物?！备鶕?jù)空前

themost

可知，空處應(yīng)填入形容詞。根據(jù)句意，此處指“豐富的；充足的”，故填plentiful。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：所以我認(rèn)為，從進(jìn)化角度來看，這種跨王國(guó)的互動(dòng)非常有趣。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填入副詞作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“進(jìn)化上”，故填evolutionarily。故選E?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：由遺傳學(xué)家、生物化學(xué)家和生物學(xué)家組成的研究小組此前發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠔菇會(huì)釋放一種未知的有毒物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)會(huì)在幾分鐘內(nèi)以某種方式冷凍蠕蟲，并導(dǎo)致一種化學(xué)元素流入它們的細(xì)胞，殺死它們。根據(jù)空前

will

可知，空處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)上文oystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreeze

可知，蠔菇冷凍蠕蟲，故此處指“冷凍”，故填freeze。故選G?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這種機(jī)制不同于其他食肉蘑菇所使用的機(jī)制，可能是牡蠣蘑菇所獨(dú)有的。根據(jù)空前

This

可知，空處應(yīng)填入名詞作主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“機(jī)制”，故填mechanism。故選H?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們推斷，殺死蠕蟲的東西一定是一種不穩(wěn)定的化合物，當(dāng)受到干擾時(shí)會(huì)消失在空氣中。根據(jù)空后

compound可知，空處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“不穩(wěn)定的”，故填unstable。故選K。【37題詳解】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)他們?cè)俅纹茐南柟浇M織并隨后分析附近的空氣時(shí)，他們最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種神經(jīng)氣體，這種氣體原來包含在蘑菇表面的微小異形結(jié)構(gòu)中。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填入副詞作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“隨后”，故填subsequently。故選J?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)線蟲接觸蘑菇時(shí)，這些結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)釋放氣體，擾亂蠕蟲的細(xì)胞壁，導(dǎo)致其靜止不動(dòng)和死亡。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“釋放”，故填discharge。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在這項(xiàng)研究之前，“我們低估了野生蘑菇抵御或消耗線蟲的程度，”英國(guó)諾里奇塞恩斯伯里實(shí)驗(yàn)室的遺傳學(xué)家尼克·塔爾博特指出。根據(jù)空前

the以及空后的to可知，空處應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)句意，此處指“程度”，故填

extent。故選F?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他補(bǔ)充道，這項(xiàng)研究展示了“一種非常新穎的方法”。根據(jù)空前avery可知，空處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處指“新穎的”，故填novel。故選I。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special【答案】41.D42.D43.C44.B45.A46.B47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.A53.B54.B55.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說明文。德克薩斯大學(xué)HuthLab進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究在神經(jīng)科學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域引發(fā)了沖擊波。恢復(fù)交流困難病人的交流能力可以讓病人更好地掌控自己的生活，但它也可以讓其他實(shí)體在某種程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活，因此，隨著腦科學(xué)的更多開發(fā)，考慮神經(jīng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用對(duì)法律行動(dòng)的影響變得更加迫切。【41題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過人工智能(AI)和腦成像技術(shù)的結(jié)合，無法與外界交流的人的思想和印象首次被翻譯成連續(xù)的自然語(yǔ)言。A.eager渴望的；B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C.unwilling不愿意的；D.unable不能夠的。根據(jù)“weretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”和下文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicate”可知，空處修飾people，此處表示一些人無法與外界交流，他們的想法被翻譯成語(yǔ)言。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是迄今為止最接近讀心術(shù)的科學(xué)方法。A.clearing清理；B.occupying占據(jù)；C.changing改變；D.reading看透（心思或想法）、讀懂。根據(jù)上文“Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___1___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”可知，有交流困難的人的想法被翻譯成語(yǔ)言，這是一種解讀大腦思維的方法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：恢復(fù)這種能力可以讓病人更好地掌控自己的生活。A.Reducing減少；B.Restricting限制；C.Restoring恢復(fù)；D.Requiring要求。根據(jù)“givesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.”及前文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.”可知，有的人無法交流，恢復(fù)這種能力能讓病人更好的生活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但它也可以讓其他實(shí)體，如公司、研究人員和其他第三方，在某種程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活。A.irrelevant不相關(guān)的；B.uncomfortable不舒適的；C.negligible微不足道的；D.supportive支持的。根據(jù)“Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties”及“degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients”可知，解讀大腦雖然可以給病人帶來好處，但是也會(huì)在讓他們不舒適的程度上控制他們的生活。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：位于紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)的神經(jīng)權(quán)利基金會(huì)(NeuroRightsFoundation)認(rèn)為，所有人都需要圍繞神經(jīng)技術(shù)賦予新的權(quán)利，以保護(hù)自己的隱私、身份和自由意志。A.needed需要；B.limited限制；C.controlled控制；D.denied否認(rèn)。根據(jù)“newrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe”及“forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.”可知，需要圍繞神經(jīng)技術(shù)賦予新的權(quán)利，以保護(hù)自己的隱私、身份和自由意志。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：殘疾患者的潛在弱點(diǎn)使這成為一個(gè)特別重要的問題。A.application申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用；B.weakness弱點(diǎn)；C.impact影響；D.significance意義。根據(jù)“ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem”可知，殘疾患者是弱者，有著交流上的弱點(diǎn)，所以需要新的權(quán)力才能保護(hù)自己的隱私、身份和自由意志，這是十分重要的問題。故選B項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：與這種方法一致，智利是第一個(gè)通過立法，起草新法律來解決神經(jīng)技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的國(guó)家。A.Incomparisonwith與……相比；B.Inlinewith與……一致；C.Attheconclusionof在……結(jié)束時(shí)；D.Atthecostof以……為代價(jià)。根據(jù)上文所說“thatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___5___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.”及“Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.”可知，智利的做法與上文提及的方法一致。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它不僅引入了精神健全的新憲法權(quán)利，而且還在通過一項(xiàng)禁止銷售神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)的法案，并迫使所有神經(jīng)技術(shù)設(shè)備作為醫(yī)療設(shè)備進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，即使是那些面向普通消費(fèi)者的設(shè)備。A.integrity完整；B.condition條件；C.disorder混亂；D.function功能。根據(jù)結(jié)合上文“___3___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.”及空后法案內(nèi)容可知，該法案與上文方法一致，不僅引入了精神健全的新憲法權(quán)利，還保障了數(shù)據(jù)安全性。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：擬議的立法承認(rèn)神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)具有強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人性質(zhì)，并將其視為器官組織，不能買賣，只能捐贈(zèng)。A.group小組；B.general整體上；C.physical身體上的；D.personal個(gè)人的。根據(jù)“whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated”可知，該立法承認(rèn)神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)具有強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人性質(zhì)，不能買賣、捐贈(zèng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【50題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但這項(xiàng)立法也面臨著批評(píng)，法律學(xué)者質(zhì)疑新權(quán)利的必要性，并指出它可能會(huì)阻礙對(duì)殘疾患者有益的大腦研究。A.interaction互動(dòng)；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.criticism批評(píng)；D.defence防御。根據(jù)“withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.”可知，該立法也接受了法律學(xué)者的批評(píng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然智利采取的法律行動(dòng)是迄今為止最具影響力和影響深遠(yuǎn)的，但其他國(guó)家正在考慮更新現(xiàn)有法律，以應(yīng)對(duì)神經(jīng)技術(shù)的新發(fā)展。A.far-reaching影響深遠(yuǎn)的；B.labor-saving節(jié)省勞力的；C.short-sighted目光短淺的；D.ill-timed不合時(shí)宜的。根據(jù)“themostimpactful”可知，空處與形容詞impactful并列，表示“影響深遠(yuǎn)的”，情感色彩一致。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然神經(jīng)技術(shù)的第一個(gè)應(yīng)用很可能是醫(yī)療，但未來的發(fā)展可能會(huì)涉及娛樂等消費(fèi)應(yīng)用，以及軍事和安全目的。A.advances發(fā)展、進(jìn)步；B.arrangements安排；C.requirements要求；D.policies政策。根據(jù)“arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.”可知，此處表示這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的未來發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：神經(jīng)技術(shù)在商業(yè)環(huán)境中的日益普及只會(huì)引起更多的法律問題。A.confidence自信心；B.availability可用性，可能性；C.membership會(huì)員身份；D.movement移動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文“future___12___arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.”可知，越多的普及該技術(shù)可用性，就會(huì)引起更多法律問題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們正處于技術(shù)發(fā)展的初級(jí)階段。A.mature成熟的；B.initial起初的；C.different不同的；D.final最終的。根據(jù)后文“Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience”可知，我們正處于技術(shù)發(fā)展的初級(jí)階段。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們開始發(fā)現(xiàn)腦科學(xué)的巨大潛力時(shí)，考慮它們對(duì)法律行動(dòng)的影響變得更加迫切。A.diversified多樣化的；B.genuine真誠(chéng)的；C.pressing緊迫的；D.special特別的。根據(jù)“Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore”可知，腦科學(xué)發(fā)展越多，其中涉及的個(gè)人信息數(shù)據(jù)安全就越多，考慮法律影響就越迫切。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral