2024屆內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)（一模）英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

年呼和浩特市高三年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、座位號(hào)涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)，不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。3.考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑AIfyouthinkaboutWorldHeritageSites,youprobablythinkofplacesconnectedwithancientartandculture,historicalbuildingsandmonuments.Andofcourse,manyoftheseareontheWorldHeritageList(WHL)(世界遺產(chǎn)名錄).ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthem.RobbenIslandinSouthAfricaThisislandwasusedthroughthecenturiesasaprison,ahospitalandamilitarybase.Butit’sprobablymostfamousasamaximum-securityprisonforpoliticalprisonersinthetwentiethcentury.NelsonMandelawasoneofitsmostfamousresidents.TheWHLsaysitrepresents“thevictoryofdemocracy(民主)andfreedomoveroppression(壓迫)andracism(種族主義).”BordersofFranceandSpainThisisanareaofgreatnaturalbeautyandthemountainshavemanyinterestinggeologicalformations.Butitisalsoanareaofsmallfarm.PeopletherestilluseatypeofagriculturethatusedtobecommoninmountainousareasofEuropebutthathasalmostcompletedisappearedinmoderntimes.ThecityofBrasilia,BrazilBrasiliaisacapitalcitythatwascreatedfromnothingin1956.TheWHLcallsit“alandmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning”.Thedifferentareasofthecityandthebuildingsthemselveswerealldesignedatthesametimecarefully.Everypartofthecityshowstheideasoftheplannerandarchitect.SimienNationalPark,EthiopiaSimienNationalParkwasoneofthefirstsitestobelistedin1978.ItisoneofthehighestmountainousareasinAfrica,andtheWHLcallsit“oneofthemostspectacularlandscapesintheworld”.Itisalsoimportantforitswildlife.Thepopulationofsomerareanimalsisgettingsmallerandsmaller.1.WhichofthefollowingsiteswaslistedontheWHLforitspoliticalsymbol?A.SimienNationalPark,Ethiopia. B.RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica.C.BordersofFranceandSpain. D.ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil.2.Whichofthefollowingsitesisfamousforthewonderfulplanofbuildings?A.RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica. B.BordersofFranceandSpain.C.ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil. D.SimienNationalPark,Ethiopia.3.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theremainsofancientculturesontheWHLB.thehouseholdheritagesitesontheWHLC.importantplacesofartandcultureD.someofthelesswell-knownsitesontheWHL【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四處世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上不太出名的地點(diǎn)，以及這些地點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica部分下的“Butit’sprobablymostfamousasamaximum-securityprisonforpoliticalprisonersinthetwentiethcentury.NelsonMandelawasoneofitsmostfamousresidents.(但它可能是20世紀(jì)最著名的政治犯最高安全級(jí)別的監(jiān)獄)”可知，南非羅本島是因?yàn)檎蜗笳鞅涣腥胧澜邕z產(chǎn)名錄。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil下的“TheWHLcallsit‘a(chǎn)landmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning’(世界遺產(chǎn)記錄稱它是‘城市規(guī)劃歷史上的一個(gè)里程碑’)”以及“Everypartofthecityshowstheideasoftheplannerandarchitect.(城市的每一個(gè)部分都體現(xiàn)了規(guī)劃者和建筑師的夢(mèng)想)”可推知，巴西的巴西利亞市是因?yàn)樽吭降某鞘幸?guī)劃而被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthem.(但世界遺產(chǎn)記錄上有一些不太出名的地方，讓我們來(lái)看看它們其中的一些)”結(jié)合下文對(duì)四處世界遺產(chǎn)的介紹可知，本文主要給讀者介紹幾處在世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上不太出名的地點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。BEradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.ChipwatersdropofftheiremptybagsfromDoritos.Lays.andotherfavoritesattwolocationsinDetroit:aprintshopandaclothingstore.whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheycleanthechipbagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.Theyusepadding(襯墊)andliners(襯里)fromoldcoatstolinetheinsides.Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbagandeachtakesaround150to300chipbagsdependingonwhetherthey’resingle-serveorfamilysize.Theresultisasleepingbagthatis“waterprooflightweightandeasytocarryaround”.OleitatoldtheDetroitNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplertoraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita—whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearedevotedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”shesays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrescuingbagsthatwouldotherwiselandinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalproblemandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitatold,“Ithinkit’stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues.”4.WhatdidOleitaaskthesnackloverstodowiththeiremptychipbags?A.Toturnthemintosleepingbags. B.Togivethemawaytoher.C.Tothrowthemintothetrash. D.Todonatethemtothehomelessdirectly.5.WhatdoweknowaboutthesleepingbagmadebyChipBagProject?A.Itssizeisadjustable. B.Itisonlymadeofoldcoats.C.Ithasthefunctionofheating D.Itisportable.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theaimoftheprojectismorethansocialissues.B.Povertyresultsfromenvironmentalproblems.C.Oleita’sprojectmade110sleepingbagspermonth.D.Oleitastartedtheprojectmainlytoraisemoney.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeOleita?A.Hardworkingandloyal. B.Talentedandsocial.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Selflessandmodest.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了EradajereOleita建立了theChipBagProject，回收空薯片袋子，將其制成睡袋，送給無(wú)家可歸的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果，部分緩解了垃圾和貧窮問(wèn)題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.(這位來(lái)自底特律的26歲學(xué)生和環(huán)保主義者請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)匦〕詯?ài)好者的幫助：與其把你的空薯片袋扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出來(lái)，這樣她就可以把它們變成無(wú)家可歸者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita讓零食愛(ài)好者把空薯片袋捐贈(zèng)給她。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresultisasleepingbagthatis“waterprooflightweightandeasytocarryaround”.(其結(jié)果是一個(gè)“防水、輕便、便于攜帶”的睡袋)”可知，這種睡袋是便于攜帶的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplertoraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita—whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearedevotedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”shesays.(自2020年啟動(dòng)以來(lái)，薯片袋項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)收集了80多萬(wàn)個(gè)薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)制作了110個(gè)睡袋。當(dāng)然，籌錢(qián)買新睡袋會(huì)更簡(jiǎn)單。但對(duì)Oleita和她的志愿者同伴們來(lái)說(shuō)，這只是他們目標(biāo)的一半。Oleita一家十年前從尼日利亞搬到美國(guó)，希望過(guò)上更好的生活。她說(shuō)：“我們致力于不僅在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生影響，而且致力于在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響?！?”可知，Oleita希望theChipBagProject不僅在社會(huì)上，而且在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響，因此，該項(xiàng)目的目的不僅僅是解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.(EradajereOleita認(rèn)為，她或許能部分解決該國(guó)的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：垃圾和貧困。它被稱為薯片袋計(jì)劃。這位來(lái)自底特律的26歲學(xué)生和環(huán)保主義者請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)匦〕詯?ài)好者的幫助：與其把你的空薯片袋扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出來(lái)，這樣她就可以把它們變成無(wú)家可歸者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita希望能部分解決國(guó)家垃圾和貧困的問(wèn)題，并且想到把空薯片袋變成無(wú)家可歸者的睡袋，可推測(cè)她是有責(zé)任心且有創(chuàng)造力的。故選C項(xiàng)。CTheAschConformityExperiments,conductedbypsychologistSolomonAschinthe1950s,demonstratedthepowerofconformity.(從眾)ingroupsandshowedthatevensimpleobjectivefactscannotresistthepressureofgroupinfluence.Intheexperiments,groupsofuniversitystudentswereaskedtoparticipateinaperceptiontest.Inreality,allbutoneoftheparticipantswere“confederates”,cooperatorswiththeexperimenterwhoonlypretendedtobeparticipants.Thestudywasabouthowtheremainingstudentwouldreacttothebehavioroftheother“participants”.Theparticipantsoftheexperimentwerepresentedwithacardwithasimplevertical(垂直)blacklineonit.Then,theyweregivenasecondcardwiththreelinesofvaryinglengthlabeledA.B,andC.Onelineonthesecondcardwasthesamelengthasthatonthefirst,andtheothertwolineswereobviouslylongerandshorter.Participantswereaskedtostateoutloudinfrontofeachotherwhichline,A,B,orC,matchedthelengthofthelineonthefirstcard.Ineachexperimentalcase,theconfederatesansweredfirst,andtherealparticipantwasseatedsothathewouldanswerlast.Insomecases,theconfederatesansweredcorrectly,whileinothers,theyansweredincorrectly.Aschintendedtoseeiftherealparticipantwouldbepressuredtoanswerincorrectlyintheinstanceswhentheconfederatesdidso,orwhethertheirbeliefintheirownperceptionandcorrectnesswouldoutweighthesocialpressureprovidedbytheresponsesoftheothergroupmembers.Aschfoundthatone-thirdofrealparticipantsgavethesamewronganswersastheconfederatesatleasthalfthetime.Fortypercentgavesomewronganswers,andonlyone-fourthgavecorrectanswersindefianceofthepressuretoconformtothewronganswersprovidedbythegroup.Ininterviewsfollowingthetrials,Aschfoundthatforthosewhoansweredincorrectly,inconformancewiththegroup,somebelievedthattheanswersgivenbytheconfederateswerecorrect,somethoughtthattheyweresufferingalapse(失誤)inperceptionwhentheyoriginallyhadtheanswerdifferentfromthegroup,andothersadmittedthattheyknewthattheyhadthecorrectanswer,butconformedtotheincorrectanswerbecausetheydidn’twanttobreakfromthemajority.8.Whataretheparticipantsaskedtodointheexperiment?A.Labelthecardswithdifferentletters. B.Pickouttwolinesofthesamelength.C.Statethereasonformatchingthecards. D.Identifythelongestverticalblackline.9.What’sparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theresultoftheexperiment. B.Thedesignoftheexperiment.C.Thepurposeoftheexperiment. D.Theprocedureoftheexperiment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“indefianceof”inparagraph6mean?A.Inspiteof. B.Forfearof. C.Inresponseto. D.Onaccountof.11.Whydidtherealparticipantsgiveawronganswer?A.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. B.Theybelievedtheirownjudgment.C.Theyfailedtoresistgroupinfluence. D.Theywantedtobedifferentfromothers.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了心理學(xué)家索洛蒙·阿什的實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示了從眾行為的力量，有些參與者選擇錯(cuò)誤答案是出于遵循大多數(shù)人的心理，而放棄了自己正確的判斷。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Participantswereaskedtostateoutloudinfrontofeachotherwhichline,A,B,orC,matchedthelengthofthelineonthefirstcard.(參與者被要求在對(duì)方面前大聲說(shuō)出A,B或C中的哪條線與第一張卡片上的線的長(zhǎng)度相匹配。)”可知，參與者被要求在實(shí)驗(yàn)中找出兩條長(zhǎng)度相同的線。故選B?！?題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段的“Aschintendedtoseeiftherealparticipantwouldbepressuredtoanswerincorrectlyintheinstanceswhentheconfederatesdidso,orwhethertheirbeliefintheirownperceptionandcorrectnesswouldoutweighthesocialpressureprovidedbytheresponsesoftheothergroupmembers.(Asch想看看真正的參與者是否會(huì)在同伴回答錯(cuò)誤的情況下受到壓力，或者他們對(duì)自己的看法和正確性的信念是否會(huì)超過(guò)其他小組成員的回答所帶來(lái)的社會(huì)壓力。)

”可知，Asch是要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)看一下參與者面對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)，即本段主要講的是實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的。故選C?！?0題詳解】短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段的“Aschfoundthatone-thirdofrealparticipantsgavethesamewronganswersastheconfederatesatleasthalfthetime.Fortypercentgavesomewronganswers(Asch發(fā)現(xiàn)，三分之一的真實(shí)參與者至少有一半的時(shí)間給出了與同伙相同的錯(cuò)誤答案。40%的人給出了一些錯(cuò)誤的答案)”可知，這是在描述受到壓力影響的人給出的答案，再由only一詞可知，接下來(lái)談的應(yīng)該是不顧壓力影響的人給出的答案，因此，劃線短語(yǔ)意為“無(wú)視，不顧”。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“othersadmittedthattheyknewthattheyhadthecorrectanswer,butconformedtotheincorrectanswerbecausetheydidn’twanttobreakfromthemajority(一些人承認(rèn)他們知道自己有正確的答案，但因?yàn)椴幌肱c大多數(shù)人決裂而遵從了錯(cuò)誤的答案。)”可知，真正的參與者給出了錯(cuò)誤的答案是因?yàn)樗麄兾茨艿种迫后w的影響。故選C。DYou’reasleeponaSaturdaymorningwhenthesoundofanalarmclockeruptsfromyourdevice.YouturnovertoseethewordSNOOZEprojectedintheairaboveyourdevice.Youreachoutandtouchthevirtualbuttonwithyourfinger—aslightfeelingonyourfingertip—beforefallingbacktosleep.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.LedbyassociateprofessorYoichiOchiai,theteamcreatesshapesintheairusingalaser(激光)thatreleasesshortpulses(脈沖)oflight.Thehigh-intensitylightcanbreakdownairmolecules(分子),whichproducesshort-livedspotsoflight.Thesystempolishesimagesbyrapidlyadjustingthecentralpointofthelaserinthreedimensions.Apreviousversionofthetechnologyusednano-secondlaserpulses,whichhavetheunfortunatesideeffectofburninghumanskin.Ochiai’ssystem,namedFairyLights,employsmuchshorterlaserpulsesthataremuchlessdangerousdespitehavingahighpeakintensity,Ochiaisays.Thetinyhearts,starsandfairiesthatthesystemprojectsarenotonlysafetotouch,buttheyaresensitivetocontact.Inonetest,thesystemprojectsacheckboxthatcanbefilledinwithyourfinger.“Itfeelslikesandpaperoramildelectricshock,”O(jiān)chiaisays.Ochiaialsopredictslarge-scaleemergencymonitorsthatcouldbeprojectedhighoveracitytowarnresidentsaboutanaturaldisasterordirectthemtowardanescaperoute.Whiletheinitialimageswerenotlarge,Ochiaisaystheflexibilityofthesystemdependsonthesizeandpoweroftheequipmentused.Largesystemsarecurrentlyexpensive,hesays,addingthattechnologiesthatdrawimageswilllikelybecomemoreachievableoverthenext10to20yearsasthemulti-million-dollarpricedecreases.12.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Todescribeasceneofsleep-in. B.Topromoteahigh-techalarmclock.C.Toexplainthefunctionofaproject. D.Tointroducetheuseofanewtechnology.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Imagescanbeprojectedintheair. B.Shapescanbereleasedbypulsesoflight.C.Thesystemcanbeadjustedinthreedimensions. D.Airmoleculescanbebrokendowninashorttime.14.WhatdoweknowaboutFairyLights?A.Itprojectsimagessafetotouch. B.Itbringsbenefitstohumanskin.C.Itemploysnano-secondlaserpulses. D.Itbecomessensitivetoelectriccurrents.15.Accordingtoparagraph4,Ochiaimightagreethat________.A.ThetechnologywillbeputinuseinadecadeortwoB.ThetechnologycanaccuratelypredictnaturaldisastersC.Thesystemcaninformpeopleofasaferescaperoute.D.Themoreflexiblethesystemis,thelargertheimagewillbe【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。日本學(xué)者成功研制出可以利用激光在空中投射圖像新技術(shù)，文章介紹了該技術(shù)的前景、原理和未來(lái)趨勢(shì)。【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“You’reasleeponaSaturdaymorningwhenthesoundofanalarmclockeruptsfromyourdevice.YouturnovertoseethewordSNOOZEprojectedintheairaboveyourdevice.Youreachoutandtouchthevirtualbuttonwithyourfinger—aslightfeelingonyourfingertip—beforefallingbacktosleep.(周六早上，當(dāng)鬧鐘的聲音從你的設(shè)備中爆發(fā)出來(lái)的時(shí)候，你正在睡覺(jué)。你轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，看到“瞌睡”這個(gè)詞投射在你的設(shè)備上方的空氣中。你伸出手，用手指觸摸虛擬按鈕——指尖有輕微的感覺(jué)——然后再次入睡。)”可知，本段描述了可以在空中點(diǎn)擊虛擬按鈕關(guān)閉鬧鐘的景象，結(jié)合第二段中“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.(來(lái)自日本筑波大學(xué)的研究人員正在研究一種技術(shù)，可以使這一切成為可能。)”和下文可知，文章接下來(lái)介紹了這樣的景象是可能的，并詳細(xì)介紹了該技術(shù)，由此可推知，第一段是為了介紹新技術(shù)的使用，故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“LedbyassociateprofessorYoichiOchiai,theteamcreatesshapesintheairusingalaser(激光)thatreleasesshortpulses(脈沖)oflight.(由副教授YoichiOchiai領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組利用激光在空氣中產(chǎn)生形狀，激光釋放短脈沖的光。)”可知，在空中創(chuàng)造圖像是使用可以釋放短脈沖光的激光實(shí)現(xiàn)的，并且該段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.(來(lái)自日本筑波大學(xué)的研究人員正在研究一種技術(shù)，可以使這一切成為可能。)”也表明了新技術(shù)可以讓點(diǎn)擊虛擬按鈕的景象成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，由此可推知，該項(xiàng)技術(shù)是可以在空中投射圖片，故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thetinyhearts,starsandfairiesthatthesystemprojectsarenotonlysafetotouch,buttheyaresensitivetocontact.(這些小小的愛(ài)心、星星和仙女不僅可以安全地觸摸，而且接觸也很靈敏。)”可知，由FairyLights投射出來(lái)的小愛(ài)心、星星等圖片是可以安全觸碰的，故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ochiaialsopredictslarge-scaleemergencymonitorsthatcouldbeprojectedhighoveracitytowarnresidentsaboutanaturaldisasterordirectthemtowardanescaperoute.(Ochiai也預(yù)言，大規(guī)模的應(yīng)急監(jiān)測(cè)器可以被投射到一個(gè)城市的上空，以警告居民有關(guān)自然災(zāi)害或指導(dǎo)他們走向逃生路線。)”可知，Ochiai預(yù)言，大型的危急情況可以投放在城市上空來(lái)提醒居民自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生或?yàn)樗麄冎该魈由缆?，由此可推知，Ochiai或許認(rèn)為這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以告知人們更安全的逃生路線。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyouconsideredhowtochooseyourmajorinuniversity,whichisofgreatsignificanceforyourfuturecareer?Hereissomepracticaladvice.Initially,don’tchooseamajormerelybasedonmoney,otherwisemistakeswillhappen.____16____Canyouseeyourselfinvestingthenext40yearsinthiscareerwithoutgettingbored?Actuallychoosingamajorwithhigh-payingcareerwon’tguaranteeyouahigh-payingjob.Itdependsonpositionopeningsandyourcompetitorswhenyougraduate.____17____Youwanttopicksomethingthatinterestsyou,butyouneedtobesureyouwon’tgetsickofitastimeprogresses.____18____Ahobbyisapursuitoutsideone’sregularoccupationforrelaxationwhilepassioncomfortsyouanddrivesyoucrazyatthesametime.Itisn’trelaxing.Itinsertsitselfintoyourlife.Whenyouchoosetostudyyourhobbyandbuildyourlifearoundit,itcanloseitsappealandwon’tberelaxing.Thirdly,neverchooseamajorbyfeelinginsteadofresearch.Beinginterestedinamajorisn’tenough.Researchingthefieldwillensureyoutochoosearightmajor.Ifyouknowsomeoneinthefield,askthemforsomeinformation.Besides,considertheentirejourneyyou’llpursue—thecoursework,themajordemands,theschooltimeyou’llneed,andtheavailablejobprospects.____19____Lastly,don’talwaysdependonyourparents.____20____However,thechoiceisultimatelyyours.Ifanyonewantstohelpyouinchoosingamajorandyoucompletelyagreewiththeiropinions,thengowithit.Butifyouwantyourfuturetogoinanyotherdirection,speakup.Theonlywaytogetthebestoutcomeistoshapeyourownfuture.A.Next,ahobbyisnevermeanttobeyourpriority.B.Theopinionsofyourfamilyaren’tsomethingtoignore.C.Besides,keepabalancebetweenhobbiesandrelaxation.D.Typically,peoplewillconfusetheirhobbieswiththeirpassions.E.Youshouldalsoconsideryourpassions,dislikes,andhappiness.F.Remembercollegeisaninvestmentofbothyourtimeandmoney.G.Ifyou’repassionateaboutamajorafterresearch,followyourheart.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要針對(duì)如何選擇對(duì)未來(lái)職業(yè)有用的大學(xué)專業(yè)提出了一些實(shí)用的建議。【16題詳解】前文“Initially,don’tchooseamajormerelybasedonmoney,otherwisemistakeswillhappen.(一開(kāi)始，不要僅僅基于金錢(qián)來(lái)選擇專業(yè)，否則會(huì)出錯(cuò)。)”講述了不要僅僅根據(jù)金錢(qián)來(lái)選擇專業(yè)，空處應(yīng)講述應(yīng)該考慮的其他因素，E項(xiàng)“你還應(yīng)該考慮你的激情、厭惡和幸福。”符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳解】空處是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)后文的“Youwanttopicksomethingthatinterestsyou,butyouneedtobesureyouwon’tgetsickofitastimeprogresses.(你想挑選一些你感興趣的東西，但你需要確保隨著時(shí)間的推移，你不會(huì)厭倦它。)”和“Whenyouchoosetostudyyourhobbyandbuildyourlifearoundit,itcanloseitsappealandwon’tberelaxing.(當(dāng)你選擇研究你的愛(ài)好并圍繞它建立你的生活時(shí)，它可能會(huì)失去吸引力，也不會(huì)令人放松。)”可知，本段主要講述的是選擇專業(yè)的時(shí)候不要首先考慮自己的愛(ài)好，A項(xiàng)“其次，愛(ài)好從來(lái)都不是你的首要任務(wù)?！狈项}意。故選A?！?8題詳解】后文“Ahobbyisapursuitoutsideone’sregularoccupationforrelaxationwhilepassioncomfortsyouanddrivesyoucrazyatthesametime.(愛(ài)好是一種在日常工作之外的放松追求，而激情既能安慰你，又能讓你發(fā)瘋。)”講述了愛(ài)好和激情之間的區(qū)別，所以空處應(yīng)講述的是二者容易被混為一談，D項(xiàng)“通常，人們會(huì)將自己的愛(ài)好與激情混為一談?！狈项}意。故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Thirdly,neverchooseamajorbyfeelinginsteadofresearch.(第三，千萬(wàn)不要憑感覺(jué)而非研究來(lái)選擇專業(yè)。)”可知，本段主要建議在選專業(yè)之前要進(jìn)行研究，G項(xiàng)“如果你在研究之后對(duì)某個(gè)專業(yè)充滿熱情，那就用心去做吧?！狈项}意。故選G?！?0題詳解】前文“Lastly,don’talwaysdependonyourparents.(最后，不要總是依賴你的父母。)”講述了不要總是依賴父母的意見(jiàn)，后文“However,thechoiceisultimatelyyours.(然而，最終選擇權(quán)在你。)”講述了最終做決定的是你自己，由此可知，空處應(yīng)是說(shuō)家人的意見(jiàn)不容忽視，B項(xiàng)“你的家人的意見(jiàn)不容忽視?！狈项}意。故選B。第二部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。Havingrepeatedlyheard“goodmanners”,doyoureallyunderstandwhatthebasicelementsofgoodmannersare?Certainly,astrongsenseofjusticeisone—(fromthisangle)politenessisoften____21____butahighlydevelopedsenseoffairplay.Afriendofmineoncetoldmeofhim____22____alongaone-lanedirtroad.____23____wasanothercarthatproducedcloudsofchoking____24____,anditwasalongwaytothenearesthighway.Suddenly,ata____25____place,thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad.____26____thatitsownermighthaveenginetrouble,myfriendstoppedandaskedifanythingwaswrong.“No”,saidtheotherdriver,“butyou’vetoleratedmydustthisfar;I’ll____27____yourstherestoftheway.”Anotherelementofpolitenessisempathy,a(an)____28____thatenablesapersontoseeintothemindorheartofsomeoneelse,to____29____thepainorsufferingthereandtodosomethingtominimizeit.Aman_____30_____aloneinarestaurantwastryingtounscrew(擰開(kāi))thecapofabeerbottle._____31_____,hecouldn’tdoitbecauseofbadlyinjured_____32_____.Heturnedtoayoungkidforhelp.Thekidtookthebottle,_____33_____andloosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty.Thenhe_____34_____itagain.Turningbacktotheman,he_____35_____tomakegreateffortstoopenthebottlewithoutsuccess._____36_____hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly,sayingthathehad_____37_____toloosenit—butonlywithapairofpliers(鉗子).Lastbutnotleast,theabilitytotreatallpeople_____38_____isalsoanelementofpoliteness,regardlessofstatusorimportance._____39_____whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople,actasiftheyareworthyofyourbestmanners.Areyouastonishedtofindoutthebasicfactorsof“_____40_____”?21.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything22.A.driving B.running C.riding D.walking23.A.Ahead B.Before C.Behind D.After24.A.ash B.smoke C.steam D.dust25.A.cleaner B.flatter C.wider D.straighter26.A.Consuming B.Finding C.Guessing D.Confirming27.A.doawaywith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith28.A.quality B.personality C.behavior D.technique29.A.reduce B.accept C.remove D.understand30.A.dining B.begging C.working D.performing31.A.Otherwise B.However C.Therefore D.Meanwhile32.A.legs B.heart C.mouth D.fingers33.A.satdown B.tookalook C.turnedaround D.thoughttwice34.A.watched B.checked C.covered D.tightened35.A.seemed B.pretended C.promised D.happened36.A.Luckily B.Happily C.Finally D.Sadly37.A.tried B.failed C.meant D.managed38.A.nicely B.alike C.warmly D.happily39.A.Ever B.Specially C.Especially D.Even40.A.politeness B.manner C.elements D.empathy【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A31.B32.D33.C34.D35.B36.C37.D38.B39.C40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章論述了禮貌的基本要素都有哪些，作者列舉了幾個(gè)要素，比如公平對(duì)待自己和他人、具備同理心以及對(duì)所有人一視同仁等?！?1題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，強(qiáng)烈的正義感是其中之——（從這個(gè)角度看）禮貌通常只不過(guò)是高度發(fā)展的公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。A.anything任何事；B.nothing沒(méi)事；C.something某事；D.everything所有事。根據(jù)下文“but”可知，橫線處的詞需要和but能形成一個(gè)固定搭配，nothingbut的意思是“就是”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個(gè)朋友曾經(jīng)告訴我，他在一條單車道的土路上開(kāi)車。A.driving開(kāi)車；B.running跑步；C.riding騎車；D.walking步行。根據(jù)下文“wasanothercar”可知，能在一條單車道上行駛的，一定是正在開(kāi)車，故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：前面是另一輛車，揚(yáng)起嗆人的塵土，離最近的高速公路還有很長(zhǎng)一段路。A.Ahead在前方；B.Before在……前；C.Behind在……后：D.After隨后。根據(jù)第5小題“thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad”可知，這輛車是開(kāi)在了作者朋友的前面，需要注意before指的是時(shí)間的先后順序，并不是物理空間上的前后，故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前面是另一輛車，揚(yáng)起嗆人的塵土，離最近的高速公路還有很長(zhǎng)一段路。A.ash灰燼；B.smoke煙；C.steam蒸汽；D.dust塵土。根據(jù)第7小題“you’vetoleratedmydustthisfar”可知，作者的朋友一直在忍受這輛車揚(yáng)起的塵土，故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，在一個(gè)較寬的地方，前車駛離了馬路。A.cleaner更干凈的；B.flatter更扁平的；C.wider更寬的；D.straighter更直的。根據(jù)下文“thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad”可知，前面這輛車停下了，如果道路很窄，它是不能停下的，說(shuō)明在這里道路變寬了，故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友猜想它的主人可能是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了問(wèn)題，于是停下來(lái)問(wèn)它是不是出了什么問(wèn)題。A.Consuming消耗；B.Finding找到；C.Guessing猜測(cè)；D.Confirming確認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“askedifanythingwaswrong”可知，作者朋友下車詢問(wèn)是不是需要幫助，說(shuō)明作者朋友看到前車停下后心生疑惑，猜測(cè)是不是發(fā)生引擎故障了，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：但你容忍我的灰塵到現(xiàn)在為止，我會(huì)忍受你剩下的路。A.doawaywith處理掉；B.putupwith忍受；C.catchupwith追上；D.goonwith繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“you’vetoleratedmydustthisfar”可知，作者朋友一直在忍受前車的塵土，司機(jī)認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在輪到自己來(lái)忍受別人的塵土，故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：禮貌的另一個(gè)要素是同理心，這種品質(zhì)使一個(gè)人能夠看到別人的思想或心靈，理解那里的痛苦或苦難，并采取行動(dòng)將其最小化。A.quality品質(zhì)；B.personality人性；C.behavior行為；D.technique技巧。根據(jù)上文“Anotherelementofpolitenessisempathy”可知，同理心也是禮貌的要素，這是一種品質(zhì)，注意B選項(xiàng)的“人性”是個(gè)很大的概念，同理心只是人性中很小的組成部分而已，故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：禮貌的另一個(gè)要素是同理心，這種品質(zhì)使一個(gè)人能夠看到別人的思想或心靈，理解那里的痛苦或苦難，并采取行動(dòng)將其最小化。A.reduce減少；B.accept接受；C.remove移除；D.understand理解。根據(jù)下文“todosomethingtominimizeit”可知，面對(duì)別人的痛苦，我們要做些什么來(lái)減少痛苦，那么首先就要理解他人的痛苦，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)獨(dú)自在餐館吃飯的人正試圖擰開(kāi)啤酒瓶的瓶蓋。A.dining進(jìn)餐；B.begging祈求；C.working工作；D.performing表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“inarestaurant”可知，這個(gè)人在餐廳里的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該就是吃飯，也就是進(jìn)餐，故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他不能這樣做，因?yàn)閲?yán)重受傷的手指。A.Otherwise要不然；B.However無(wú)論如何，然而；C.Therefore所以；D.Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)下文“hecouldn’tdoit”可知，他想打開(kāi)瓶蓋，但是卻打不開(kāi)，這個(gè)句子和上個(gè)句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他不能這樣做，因?yàn)閲?yán)重受傷的手指。A.legs腿；B.heart心臟；C.mouth嘴；D.fingers手指。根據(jù)上文“unscrew(擰開(kāi))thecapofabeerbottle”和“hecouldn’tdoit”可知，這位先生無(wú)法擰開(kāi)瓶蓋，說(shuō)明他的手指頭受傷了，故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：小孩拿過(guò)瓶子，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，毫不費(fèi)力地?cái)Q開(kāi)了瓶蓋。A.satdown坐下；B.tookalook看一眼；C.turnedaround離開(kāi)；D.thoughttwice三思。根據(jù)下文“Turningbacktotheman”可知，這個(gè)小朋友后來(lái)重新轉(zhuǎn)回來(lái)面向他，說(shuō)明小朋友開(kāi)始把身體轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去了，故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后又把瓶蓋擰緊了。A.watched觀看；B.checked檢查；C.covered覆蓋；D.tightened擰緊。根據(jù)下文“makegreateffortstoopenthebottle”可知，小朋友后來(lái)假裝使勁擰開(kāi)瓶蓋，說(shuō)明他又把瓶蓋給擰緊了，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)對(duì)著那個(gè)人，假裝使了很大的力氣也沒(méi)有打開(kāi)瓶子。A.seemed好像；B.pretended假裝；C.promised承諾；D.happened發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)oosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty”可知，小朋友其實(shí)已經(jīng)輕松地把瓶蓋擰開(kāi)了，但是為了保護(hù)這位先生的顏面，他又給瓶蓋擰緊了，所以現(xiàn)在他是在假裝重新擰開(kāi)瓶蓋，故選B項(xiàng)。【36題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到廚房去，很快就回來(lái)了，說(shuō)他已經(jīng)把它弄松了。A.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；B.Happily開(kāi)心地；C.Finally最終；D.Sadly悲傷地。根據(jù)下文“hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly”可知，這個(gè)小朋友做完了一切后，最后去了廚房，假裝用鉗子打開(kāi)了，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到廚房去，很快就回來(lái)了，說(shuō)他已經(jīng)把它弄松了。A.tried嘗試；B.failed失?。籆.meant意味著；D.managed設(shè)法做。根據(jù)下文“butonlywithapairofpliers”可知，這個(gè)小朋友聲稱他用鉗子把瓶蓋打開(kāi)了，說(shuō)明他已經(jīng)成功打開(kāi)了瓶蓋，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，但很重要的是，能夠一視同仁地對(duì)待所有人也是禮貌的一個(gè)要素，無(wú)論地位高低，重要性如何。A.nicely好地；B.alike相似地；C.warmly溫暖地；D.happily開(kāi)心地。根據(jù)下文“regardlessofstatusorimportance”可知，每個(gè)人的身份地位都不一樣，這里表達(dá)的意思是禮貌的要素之一就是能夠無(wú)視這些差異，能相同地對(duì)待所有人，故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：尤其是當(dāng)你對(duì)某些人心存疑慮時(shí)，要表現(xiàn)得好像他們值得你以最好的態(tài)度對(duì)待。A.Ever曾經(jīng)；B.Specially特別地；C.Especially尤其地；D.Even甚至。根據(jù)下文“whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople”可知，作者這句話是對(duì)上句話的進(jìn)一步解釋，當(dāng)我們對(duì)有些人心存疑慮時(shí)，也能夠?qū)λ麄円灰曂?，這是一種特殊情況，其它選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)“禮貌”的基本要素時(shí)，你是否感到驚訝？A.politeness禮貌；B.manner禮儀；C.elements元素；D.empathy同理心。根據(jù)上文“ane