2024屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題

北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測(cè)二英語(yǔ)2024.5（考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分）本試卷共10頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AnursenamedAlyHogarthhasreunitedwithamotheranddaughteratthesamehospitalship30yearsaftersavingtheirlives.In1993,MsHogarthwastouringahospitalshipinSierraLeonewhensheknewthatapatientCatherineContehneededaCaesareansection（剖腹產(chǎn)手術(shù)）,butshecouldn't1it.MsHogarthcontactedhercolleaguesandtheypaidforthe170surgery,sothatCatherine'sdaughter,Regina,couldbe2.Later,MsHogarthvolunteeredtotakecareofherinthehospital.3herwoundandteachingherhowtofeedthebaby.InthiswayMsHogarthformeda4withthemotherandthebaby,buttheylost5whenshereturnedhometoNewZealand.MsHogarth,now52,volunteeredforcharityMercyShips.Surprisingly,she6CatherineandReginaatthesamehospitalship.Theybothbecamenurses,inspiredbyMsHogarth,andReginanowhasachildofherown.MsHogarthsaid,"ToseeCatherineinpersonagain,it'sveryunrealreally.It'snotsomethingI7expecteduntilwemadecontactagain.Forme,Ifelt8atthemomentwhenwemetanddidn'tknowhowtoreact.""Wejustcriedandcried,"Catherinesaid."ReginaandIwouldhavediedwithoutMsHogarth'spurelove.""It'sreally9toseeCatherineagain,"MsHogarthshared."TthoughtabouthereverytimeItoldthatstoryforthelast30years.Iknowitwasasignificanttime—realizingthatyoucanmakeareal10bydoingsomething."1.A.cancel B.bear C.afford D.accept2.A.examined B.delivered C.adopted D.attended3A.receiving B.removing C.dressing D.discovering4.A.habit B.tradition C.plan D.bond5.A.touch B.control C.hope D.direction6.A.calledon B.cameacross C.lookedafter D.keptoff7.A.ever B.still C.even D.just8.A.inspired B.disappointed C.concerned D.excited9.A.impossible B.amazing C.challenging D.simple10.A.effort B.commitment C.decision D.difference第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AAnelderlycouplehasbecomestarsinthemarathoncommunity.11（win）atleast200medalsfromsportsmeetingsinthepasttenyears,theyareregardedasrolemodelsbymanypeople.Initially,thecouplestartedrunningjust12（improve）theirhealth.Later,theydecidedtochallengethemselvesandsignedupforamarathon.Thoughneitherofthemhadrunafullmarathonbefore,theymanagedtocompleteit.Theybelievenomatter13ageitis,themarathonspiritoffightingtotheendisessential.BThehorse-faceskirt,ormamianquninChinese,isatraditionalChineseskirtthatdatesbacktotheSongDynasty.Traditionallyithastwopanels14(attach)toasinglewaistband,whichoverlapinfrontofthebodytoforma"skirtdoor",likethehorse-facedefensesonancientcitywalls.Itprimarily15(represent)aChinesephilosophicalconceptthatharmonizesstrengthandgentleness.Theskirthasgonebeyondtimeandspacetobecomeafashionitemtoday.It16(prefer)byfansoftraditionalclothing,whohavecontinuedtodevelopit.CItcanbehardnottoletnegativitygointoyourday,especiallyduring17(stress)periodsoflife.Abitofoptimismmakesyoubecomebetterandemotionally18(healthy)inthelongterm.Anoptimisticpersonisalwayslookingforthebestinanysituationandexpectingthatgoodthings19（happen）.Butbeingoptimisticdoesn'tmeanyougointodenialandpretendeverythingisfinewhenit'snot.Itisaparticularstateofmind20youhopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADoyouwanttoboostyourATAR,arankwhichindicatestheoverallachievementsofallYear12studentsinAustralia,andgetapreviewofuniversitylife?WhenyoujointheDeakinAccelerateProgram,you'llgetaheadstartbycompletingtwofirst-yearuniversityunitswhileyou'restillahighschoolstudent.HowDeakinAccelerateProgramworksYou'llstudytwofirst-yearuniversityunitsthroughtheprogram.Ifyouchoosetostudyandexperienceuniversitylifeoncampus,you'llattendclassesandconferencesduringtheday.Orifstudyingonlineismoreaccessibleforyou,completetheprogramonlineinyourfreetimeatschoolorafterhourswhenitsuitsyou.Nomatterhowyouchoosetostudy,you'llbenefitfromouronlinelearningplatform,whichallowsyoutoaccessclasses,workshops,resourcesandmore.Whetheryou'reusingyourdesktop,tabletormobile,you'llhaveaccesstocoursecontentallyearroundandgetanswersinrealtime.AftersuccessfullycompletingyourAccelerateunits,you'llgaincreditswhichyou'canputtowardsarelatedDeakinuniversitycourse.Plus,thereisnochargeforthat.ApplytotheDeakinAccelerateProgramifyou're:·ahighachieverwithabove-averageYear11results;·lookingforanextrachallengeinhighschool;·aself-starterwhocanworkindependently;·keentomakeaheadstartonyouruniversitydegree.Tobequalifiedfortheprogram,youmust:·becompletingYear12in2024;·meetthehighschoolsubjectrequirement;·attainaminimumaveragegradeof65%acrossyoursubjects.FormoreinformationabouttheDeakinAccelerateProgram,youcanreadourFAQsorgetintouchusingouronlineinquiryform.Submitaninquiry21.WhatbenefitdoparticipantsgainfromtheDeakinAccelerateProgram?A.ReceivingapreviewoftheirATAR.B.Experiencingdifferentlearningstyles.C.Completingtwoyears'universityunits.D.Earningcreditstowardsuniversitycourses.22.Whatisavailableforparticipantsontheonlinelearningplatform?A.Real-timeresponse. B.Guidanceonusingdevices.C.Highschoolcoursecontent. D.Anonlinelearningschedule.23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Submittinganinquiryform.B.Graduatingfromuniversityin2024.C.Havingstartedtostudyforauniversitydegree.D.Achievinganaveragescoreofatleast65%inallsubjects.BWhenIwasnine,mybestfriendnearlychokedtodeathonagobstopper,atypeofhardcandy.Afterseveralattempts,shecoughedupthecandy.Ihaven'thadagobstoppersinceandIhavecarriedwithmeafearofseeingthatsceneagain.Sadly,asIdiscoveredthisweek,lightningcanstriketwice.IwasgettingoffatubetraininLondonwhenInoticedawomancoughing.Isloweddown,watchinghercarefully.Ihadlearnedthatcoughingisrarelyasignthatsomethingisterriblywrong.Suddenly,thewomanstoppedcoughing,hereyeswidenedandshebentover.WhenIwentovertoaskifshewasOK,shelookedupatme,panicked,andpointedtoherback.Istartedhittingherbackandscreamingforhelp.Despitehavingwatchedafewvideos,IwasterrifiedthatIwouldn'tbeabletocorrectlyperformtheHeimlich,afirst-aidmethod,andthatIwouldhavetowalkawaywithguiltforherdeath.Butitwasjustthetwoofus,aloneatanundergroundstation;ifIdidn'ttrytohelp,noonewould.Thankfully,muchlikewithmyfriend,afterafewsharphits,whateverhadbeenstuckinherthroatcameloose.Shethankedme,almostembarrassed,andwalkeduptothelift.Ifollowedbehindher,shaking,withtearsinmyeyes.Bythetimewereachedthelift,wehadbothcalmeddown.Shetookmyhandsandthankedmeagain,beforedisappearing.Shemighthavebeenfinewithoutmyhurriedhitsonherback—Imaynothaveactuallysavedherlife—butatleastsheknewthatsomeone,astrangerwhomshewouldneverseeagain,cared.Thisexperiencealsotaughtmeaboutthebystandereffect,wherepeopleassumeothersassumedtobeavailableduringanemergency,directhelpfromothersisfarlesslikelytowillhelp,leadingtoinaction.Igetit:thefearofmakingthingsworse,especiallyifyouhavenomedicaltraining,isreal.Researchsuggeststhatwhena"medicallycompetent"personisoccur.Sometimes,though,regardlessofwhoelsecouldbenearby,itmaybeusefultogetinvolved.Soitwaswiththecoughingwomanonthetube.24.Howdidthefriend'schokingincidentaffecttheauthor?A.Shelivedwithasenseofguilt.B.Sherealizedtheimportanceoffirstaid.C.Shedevelopedafearofwitnessingsimilarevents.D.Shedeepenedherunderstandingofthebystandereffect.25.Whatdidtheauthordotohelpthewomanonthetube?A.Sherelievedthewoman'scoughing.B.Shewalkedthewomanuptothelift.C.Shefounda"medicallycompetent"personforher.D.Sheperformedfirstaidbyhittingthewoman'sback.26.Whichsituationcanbedescribedasthebystandereffect?A.Youvolunteeredtohelpanoldmancarryingaheavybag.B.Youaskedyourbrotherwhoisadoctortosaveadyingwoman.C.Youavoidedinvolvementwhenseeinganinjuredladyontheroad.D.Youwalkedawayaftertherescuemenaskedyoutoleavethescene.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Agoodtundeservesanother.B.Everycloudhasasilverlining.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Actionspeakslouderthaninaction.CSciencebeginswithmystery.Arguably,thetwogreatestmysteriesaretheuniverseandawareness-thevastworldoutthereandthepowerfulworldwithin.Scientistsattractedbyonecanbecalledtostudytheother,ledbythethoughtthatthesemysteriesareconnected.SciencewriterGeorgeMusser'sbookPuttingOurselvesBackintheEquation（方程）reviewstheirprogress:Canphysicsunlockthemysteryofawareness?Doesawarenessformthebasisoffundamentalphysics?Theresultisanambitiousbutultimatelydisappointingtour,filledwithbreathlessencounterswithwell-knownscientists.RepresentativeofthecastisMIT'sMaxTegmark,whotellsMusser,"Ifyoulookattheproblemsthatwerestilldifficulttoanswerinfundamentalphysics,prettymuchallofthemtracebacktoawareness."Thebookshowshowphysicistsarecontributingtounderstandingthemind,continuingalonghistoryofphysicistsexploringotherfields.Musserintegratesphysicswithneuroscience,economies,mathematicsandmore.Yetakeysourceoflocalknowledgeisobviouslyabsent—psychology.Anearlyexample:Musserrightlyapplaudsphysicists'contributionstoartificialneuralnetworksbutisoverlytrustfuloftheirimplications,declaringthat"ChatGPT"isalreadystartingtodemonstrateageneralizedintelligencelikethatofhumans.Interviewingmorepsychologistscouldhaveexposedtheconsiderablegapremaining.Whataboutawarenessitself?Whyaresomestatesassociatedwithfeltexperience,suchasthepainofaheadacheandthesightofasunset,butothersnot?Musser'sfocusisintegratedinformationtheory（IIT）.IITbeginswithfiveself-evidentprinciplesofawareness：awarenessexists,anditisstructured,specific,unified,anddefinite.Itthenconcludesassumptionsconcerningthecausalstructureofawarenesssystems,identifyingawarenesswithintegratedinformation.Finally,IIToffersamathematicalmeasureofthisquantity:anequationforawareness.However,despiteitsenthusiasts,IIThassignificantproblems.Itsworkingbasisisunfounded,andseriousdoubtssurrounditstestabilityanddefinability.Ofcourse,atheoryofawarenessmustdetailwhen,why,andtowhatdegreeweareawareofourselves.Here,psychology'sabsenceismostobvious.Overthelastcentury,psychologicalresearchhasrevealedcountlessphenomenaofawareness,frommodelsthatalterawarenesstomethodsthatstimulateunawareness;fromextraordinarydisordersofawarenesstocarefulstudiesofmetacognition（元認(rèn)知）.Althoughquestionable,suchphenomenaarethedatathatanyscientifictheoryofawarenessmustaccountfor.Yetthesephenomenaandideasarealmostnowhereinthebook.Ofcourse,psychologyhasnotsolvedawareness,butonecannothopetoexplainawarenesswithoutconfrontingthesedata.Awarenessisgenuinelymysterious.Soisfundamentalphysics.Buthopingthatphysicscansolveawarenesswhileexcludingotherapproachesisonlyarecipeformoremystery,notless.28.WhatcanwelearnfromMusser'sbook?A.IITisacknowledgedforitstestabilityanddefinability.B.Musserunderestimatestheimpactofartificialintelligence.C.Usingpsychologyisatrendforphysicistsexploringotherfields.D.Musserhighlightsphysicists'effortstouncoverthesecretofawareness.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thelinkbetweenphysicsandawarenesshasbeenestablished.B.Thereisnodoubtabouttheprinciplesofanequationforawareness.C.Amultidisciplinaryapproachisessentialtounderstandingawareness.D.Studyofawarenessneedstoignorerelatedpsychologicalphenomena.30.RegardingMusser'sviewinhisbook,theauthoris.A.neutral B.disapproving C.supportive D.uncertainDItisperhapseasytoacceptthestatementthattheuniverseisexpanding.Itisjustsomestrangephysicsindicatingthat,astimegoeson,galaxies.（星系）getfurtherawayfromeachotherjustliketwocarsracingawayfromeachother.Ipersonallydon'tlikeitandprefertheballoonanalogy.Inthissituation,therearedotsalloveraballoon.Whenweblowitupinreallife,thedotswouldincreaseinsize.Inthisanalogy,let'sassumetheydon't.Whatweareinterestedinishowthedistancebetweenthedotsonthesurfaceoftheballoongrowsasweputmoreairintoit.Theballoonanalogyreliessomewhatonourgeometricsensibilitieswhichrefertooursenseofshapesandhowtheychangeovertime.Atitscore,whatwearetryingtodevelopasenseforishowwemeasuredistances.Thisconceptisalsothefundamentalgoalofgeneralrelativity,Einstein'stheoryofgravity.Ingeneralrelativity,themostimportantpieceofinformationiswhatwecallthemetric,anequationthatdescribeshowdistancesaremeasured,andthereforealsotellsusabouttheshapespace-timeistaking.Thewholeideathatspace-timeisexpandingwasfirstnoticedasamathematicalconsequenceofgeneralrelativitybyGeorgesLemaitrein1927,whenhesolvedEinstein'sequationandfoundasolutionforthemetricshowingthatdistancesgrowwithtime.Hisworkprovidedatheoreticalexplanation：thestandardformeasuringcosmic（宇宙的）distancewasitselfchangingwithtime.Whatisdelightfulisthatitmeanswecanquitereasonablysaythatuniverse'sexpansionisagravitationaleffect.Ienjoythisbecauseitissodeeplycounterintuitivetoourusualunderstandingofgravity,whichteachesusthatitisaforcethatalwaysdrawsthingstogether.Butinthiscasewheregravityisageometriceffect,weareofferedabroaderrangeofgravitationalpossibilities.Itisworthnotingthatthegeometricexplanationofgeneralrelativityhasn'tbeenuniversallypopular.ThelatephysicistStevenWeinbergwrotethatthegeometricexplanationofthetheoryofgravitationhasbeenreducedtoamereanalogy,butisotherwisenotveryuseful.Anotherchallengewiththeballoonanalogyandourrelianceongeometricexplanationistoexplainwhygravityseemstopullthingstogetherinmanysituations,whileuniverseisexpanding.Thisdifferenceisresolvedbyacknowledgingthatlocalgravitationaleffectsduetomassiveobjectsdominateoverlarge-scaleexpansioneffects,leadingtotheformationofstructureslikestars,galaxiesand,eventuallyus.Infact,theanalogywhereuniverseisonlyexpandingandthisistheonlygravitationaleffectatplayisaveryidealizedsituationwherematterwasinitiallyspreadoutperfectlyevenlyacrosstheuniverse.31.TheauthorpresentstheballoonanalogyinParagraph2mainlyto.A.introduceatopic B.drawacomparisonC.confirmatheory D.evaluateastatement32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"counterintuitive"inParagraph5probablymean?A.Unchallenging. B.Contradictory. C.Satisfying. D.Relevant.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Universe'sexpansionresultsinthecreationofstructureslikegalaxies.B.Lemaitre'sworksuggeststhestandardforcosmicdistanceisconsistent.C.Auniformdistributionofmattercanovercometheuniverse'sexpansion.D.Themetriciskeytosensingtheshapeofspace-timeingeneralrelativity.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.StudyingGalaxies—HastheBalloonAnalogyBeenOutdated?B.RethinkingGravity-IsitaWaytoMakeSenseoftheBalloonAnalogy?C.ArguingagainsttheCarAnalogy—DoestheBalloonAnalogyWinOver?D.UnderstandingUniverseExpansion—IstheBalloonAnalogyAcceptable?第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Studiesaboutsleepandemployeebehaviortypicallyfocusonvariousactivitiesthatoccurwithinthebodyduringsleep,andtheirimpactondaytimecognition.Newresearchadoptsadifferentmethod.35Theresearchersconductedthreestudiesinvolvingthousandsofdreamsrecalledbyemployees.Thefirststudyaskedparticipantsuponawakeningtoratethedegreeofawe（敬畏）andwonderbroughtbytheirdreamsandtowritedowntheirbiggestworkproblem.36Anotheronetheyansweredwaswhethertheyenvisionedanythinggoodarisingfromthedifficultworksituation—ameasureofresilience,whichmeanttheabilitytobecomestrongandhappyagainaftertoughness.Thosewhofoundpositivemeaningindreamsreportedhigherlevelsofawe.37Inthesecondstudy,participantswhorecalledadreamlikewisereporteditspositiveornegativemeaning,andthenwrotedescriptionsofthedreamandwhattheytooktobeitscausesandmeaning.Afterworktheyansweredquestionsabouttheirresilienceandprogressontheday'stasks.38Thethirdstudytrackedsimilarmeasuresamongemployeeswhoparticipateddailyfortwoweeks,anditlookedathownaturallycuriouseachpersonwas.Itfoundsimilarresultsaboutaweandshowedthatitraisedresilienceandproductivityfarmoreinthenaturallycurious.39Awecanhelppeopledealmoreeffectivelywithchallengesandprogresstowardgoals."Ourresearchrevealshowawecanbebroughtaboutatatimethathasacriticalimpactondailyworkoutcomes,"theresearcherswrite."Employeescouldusedreamjournalsandsimplepracticesto‘guide’theirnighttimevisions,thusincreasingtheiroddsofhavingmeaningful,awe-inspiringdreams."A.Apositivedreambringsasenseofsuddeninsight,givingrisetoawe.BTheincreasedawewasalsoprovedtobeassociatedwithgreaterresilience.CInfact,dreamingmayhelpimproveproblem-solvingskillsindailyroutine.D.Here,too,gooddreamsboostedaweandresilience,fuelingprogressonworkgoals.E.Researchersacknowledgethatdreamsmayinvolvecontentrelatedtowakingexperiences.F.Itfindsthatrememberingagooddreamcanhelppeoplemakeprogressintheday'stasks.G.Theythenansweredthequestionaboutwhethertheythoughtthedreamwaspositiveornegative.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。WhenEugenieGeorgefirstheardthatherfriendpassedtheaccountantexam,herheartsank.She'dfailedthattestweeksearlier,andneededthecertificatetoadvanceherowncareer."Myinnerchildgotupset,"recallsGeorge.Butthen,shecalledherfriend."ItoldherIfailedandadmittedIwasenvious,"shesays.Beingfrankshiftedherattitude,andshewassurprisedtorealizeshecouldshareherfriend'shappinessandexperienceherown,intum."Icongratulatedmyfriendandtoldhersheinspiredme,"Georgesays.Thisiswhatscientistscalledfreudenfreude,meaningfindingpleasureinanotherperson'ssuccess,evenifitdoesn'tdirectlyinvolveus.Freudenfreudeislikesocialglue,saysCatherineChambliss,aprofessorofpsychologyatUrsinusCollege.Itmakesrelationships"closeandmoreenjoyable."Astudyin2021examinedfreudenfreude'sroleindailylifeandfoundthatitcouldimprovelifesatisfactionandevenhelppeopleco-operateduringaconflict.Whilethebenefitsoffreudenfreudeareplentiful,itdoesn'talwayscomeeasily.Ifyouwereraisedinafamilythatpairedwinningwithself-worth,Chamblisssays,youmightmisreadsomeoneelse'svictoryasyourownpersonalshortcoming.Besides,mentalhealthcanalsoaffectyourabilitytoparticipateinsomeoneelse'sjoy.Negativeemotionslikeangerordislikemayleadtotheoppositeoffreudenfreude.Luckily,theabilityoffreudenfreudecanbeexercised.Tohelppeoplestrengthenjoy-sharingmuscles,ChamblissandhiscolleaguesdevelopedaprogrammecalledFreudenfreudeEnhancementTrainingpractices.Theyfoundthatdepressedstudentswhousedthepracticesfortwoweekshadaneasiertimeexpressingfreudenfreude,whichenhancedtheirrelationshipsandimprovedtheirmoods.Giventhat,havingfreudenfreudeisbeneficialanditisworthwhiletoexplorewaystoencouragethefeeling.40.Accordingtoscientists,whatisfreudenfreude?41.Whatimpactdoesfreudenfreudehaveondailylife?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Freudenfreudedoesn'talwayscomeeasily,anditisaffectedbyyourfamilyenvironmentandphysicalhealth.43.BesidesGeorge'sexperiencementionedinthepassage,pleasedescribeoneofyourexperiencesoffreudenfreude.(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)（20分）假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你們學(xué)校即將舉辦以“成長(zhǎng)”為主題的系列實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你用英文給國(guó)際部交換生Jim寫一封信，邀請(qǐng)他一起參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹你打算參加的活動(dòng)；2.詢問對(duì)方意向。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,