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全國研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextoChoosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,

CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)

Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith-oreven

lookingat—a

strangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagree

bythewaytheyfiddlewith

theirphones,evenwithouta1underground

It'sasadreality-ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhuman

beings-becausethere?s2

tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn,

tknowit,3intoyour

phone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4："Pleasedon'tapproachme.w

Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach

Wefearrejection,

orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“creep,“Wefear

we'IIbe7Wefearwe'IIbe

disruptiveStrangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelyto

feel9whencommunicating

withthemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthis

anxiety,we10toour

phones."Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,“Wortmannsays."They

areourhappy

glassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”

Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpockets

andlookup,itdoesn,t

12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpley

andJulianaSchroeder

askedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicago

traincommuterstalkto

theirfellow14.“WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeople

inthesametrainstation

to15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,the

commutersthoughttheir16wouldbe

morepleasantiftheysatontheirown,〃theNewYorkTimessummarizes.

Thoughtheparticipants

didn，texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17with

theexperiment,〃notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.”

18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththose

sans

communication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoff

ofsocialconnections.

It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record

2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much

3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought

4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign

5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from

6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

8.[A]unreasonable[B]angreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar

9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry

10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn

11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring

12.[A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D]decay

13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation

14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers

15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design

16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride

17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup

18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence

19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

SectionIIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Text1

Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactually

morestressedat

homethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople5scortntlol.Which

isitatstressmarker.While

theywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigherat

whatissupposedtobea

placeofrefuge.

Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenas

wellasmenhave

lowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,“writesoneofthe

researchers.SarahDamaske,Infact

womensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes,“itismennotwomen.

Whoreportbeingbappicrat

homethanatwork,“Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtruefor

boththosewithchildren

andwithout,butmorescfornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhowork

outsidethehomehave

betterhealth.

Whatthestudydoesn,tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingwork

whenthey'reathome,

whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.

Formanymen,theendofthe

workdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynever

gettoleavetheoffice.And

forwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplaying

catch-up-with-householdtasks.

Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswell

behindtheworkplacein

makingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it'snotsurprisingthatwomen

aremorestressedat

home.

Butit'snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknow

whattheyJresupposedto

bedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoin

ordertodrawanincome.

Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormental

laborandemployeedraws

outlife-sustainingmoola.

Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthe

householdinwhichthe

divisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.There

arealotoftaskstobedone,

thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhome

colleagues-yourfamily-havenoclear

rewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey'

reteenagers,threatenedwith

completeremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they,reyour

family.Youcannotfireyourfamily.

Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.

Soit'snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Not

onlyarethetasksapparently

infinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfound

thathome

[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation

[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

[A]Workingmothers

[B]Childlesshusbands

[C]Childlesswives

[D]Workingfathers

23Theblurringofworkingwomen，srolesreferstothefact

thay

[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans

[A]energy

[B]skills

[C]earnings

[D]nutrition

25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat

[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut

[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollege

students-thosewhodonothavea

parentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducation

achievementfactors.Their

gradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuch

studentsaremostlikelyto

advanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,colleges

anduniversitieshavepushed

fordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadoxw

inthatrecruitingfirst-generation

students,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher

educationhas“continuedto

reproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose“achievementgapbasedon

socialclass,accordingtothe

depressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournal

PsychologicalSciense.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesa

potentialsolutiontothisproblem,

suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,

next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63

percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactors

asgrades)betweenfirst-generationand

otherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheir

findinsarebasedonastudy

involving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivate

university.First

generationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollege

degreeMostofthe

first-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPell

Grants,afederalgrantfor

undergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6

percentofthestudentswitat

leastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabig

impact-wasbasedonthe

viewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotin

potentialbutinpractical

knowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollege

studentsTheycitepastresea

rchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbena

rrowedtoclosetheachievement

gap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigate

themiddle-classcultureofhigher

education,learnthe*rulesofthegame,'andtakeadvantageofcollege

resources,“theywriteAnd

thisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon,ttalkaboutthe

classadvantageand

disadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesand

universitiesseldom

acknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents'educationalexpe

rience,manyfirst-generation

studentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunde

rstandhowstudents'likethem

canimprove

26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates

[B]narrowedtheachievementgao

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose

[D]depressedcollegestudents

27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause

[A]theproblemissolvable

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[qtherecruitingratehasincreased

[D]theirfindingappea]tostudents

28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents

[A]studyatprivateuniversities

[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies

[qareinneedoffinancialsupport

[D]havefailedtheircollage

29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

[B]canhaveapotentia]influenceonotherstudents

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat--

[A]universitiesoftenr^ectthecultureofthemiddle-class

[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmerica

hasgottenmuchmore

emotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,〃said

HarvardBusinessSchool

professorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples."Ifyouand

Iparachutedbackto

Fortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuse

oftermslikeJourney,

mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewere

objectives,butwedidn,ttalk

aboutenergy;wedidn,ttalkaboutpassion.”

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery

“team”-oriented-andnot

bycoincidence."Let'snotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporate

America,it'sstillabigdeal.

It'snotexplicitlyconscious;it'stheideathatI'macoach,andyou'

remyteam,andwe'reinthis

togethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,

butmostthinkof

themselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin〃.

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and,as

Khuranapointsout,

increaseallegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationof

terminologythathistoricallyusedto

beassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligious

organizations：Termslikevision,values,

passion,andpurpose,saidKhurana

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployees

motivatedamidincreasingly

louddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe“mommywars“ofthe1990s

arestillgoingontoday,

promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan，thaveitallandbooks

likeSherylSandberg，s

LeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Terms

likeunplug,offline,

life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundaries

betweentheofficeandthe

homeButifyourworkisyour“passion,"you'IIbemorelikelyto

devoteyourselftoit,evenif

thatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekids

areinbed

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：Everyonemakesfun

ofit,butmanagerslove

it,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAs

Nunbergsaid,“Youcanget

peopletothinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”

Inaworkplacethat's

fundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeak

canhelpyoufigureouthow

yourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome

[A]moreemotional

[B]moreobjective

[C]lessenergetic

[D]lessenergetic

[E]lessstrategic

32.“team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelated

to

[A]historicalincidents

[B]genderdifference

[C]sportsculture

[D]athleticexecutives

33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaims

to

[A]revivehistoricalterms

[B]promotecompanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation

[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn

[A]voicesforworkingwomen

[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies

[D]praisesmotivatedemployees

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit

[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental

[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

Text4

Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartment

reporledforJure,along

withthedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent,atgoodnews.

Andtheywereright.For

nowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westill

havealongwaytogotoget

backtofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforward

atafasterpace.

Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwas

targelyovedookcd.

Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarily

workingpart-time.This

figureisnow830,000(4,4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.

BeforeexplainingtheccnnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmaking

animportant

distinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywant

full-timejobs.Theytake

part-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincrease

ininvoluntarypart-timeworkis

evidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeople

willbehavingavery

hardtimemakingendsmeet.

Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneral

directionhasbeen

down.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbefore

therecession,butitis

downby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.

Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-time

employmentbecause

peopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeople

iftheyworkedlessthan35

hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris"yes."theyare

classifiedasworkingpart-time.The

surveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweek

becausetheywantedto

worklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonly

classifiedasvoluntary

part-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetowork

lessthan35hoursaweek.

Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneof

themainpurposeswas

toallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,

especiallythosewith

serioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealth

conditions,beforeObamacarethe

onlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealth

insurance.

However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeither

getinsurance

throughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviously

havefelttheneedto

getafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocover

themselvesandtheirfamilies.With

Obamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.

36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?

A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.

B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.

C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.

D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.

37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey

A.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs

B.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet

C.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs

D.haven，tseentheweaknessofthemarket

38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS

A.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago

B.showsageneraltendencyofdecline

C.satisfiestherealneedofthejobless

D.islowerthanbeforetherecession

39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,.

A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance

B.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance

C.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers

D.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance

40.Thetextmainlydiscusses.

A.employmentintheUS

B.part-timerclassification

C.insurancethroughMedicaid

D.Obamacare,strouble

PartB

Directions：Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsby

choosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).There

aretwoextra

subheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Makeyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

[A]Youarenotalone

[B]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment

[F]Don,tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimes

Unfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlife

facingsadexperiences.

Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,

romanticrelationshipora

house.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemost

inopportunetime,but

youshouldrememberthattheywon,tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwith

agreaterunderstanding

andrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureand

eventuallymoveustoward

futureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.Iwanttosharethese

oldtruthsI'velearnedalong

theway.

41.____________________________________

Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisused

toprotectusby

signalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,

peoplecreateinnerbarrierswith

ahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,

“Fearisnotreal.Itisa

productofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisvery

real.Butfearisa

choice."Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductof

ourluxuriantimagination.

42.____________________________________

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthe

past,trytofocusonthe

presentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousabout

thefuture.Youmay

feelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththe

thingsandcircumstancesyou

cannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunate

youaretobealive.Enjoy

thebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethe

possibilitiesbeforeyou.

Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,but

amindsetthatcanbe

designedintothepresent.

43._______________________________

Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtough

times.Youcanbe

easilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseand

appreciatethethingsyouhave.

Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadof

cryingandcomplainingabout

something.

44._______________________________

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituation

is,youshouldalways

rememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmost

everyonerespectsandwantsto

helpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especially

yourdearestandnearest

people.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgood

humor,helpand

companionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipate

inseveralonlinecommunities,

fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement.

45.______________________________

Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseek

balancebygaining

ivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionand

showthatyouareincapable

ofmanagingyourownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomething

importantyoushould

believeinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.You

liveinyourskin,thinkyourown

thoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.

SectionIIIIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour

translationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat'sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyour

commutetowork,atripinto

townorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturn

likethebackofyourhand.

Onthesesortsoftripsit'seasytoloseconcentrationonthedriving

andpaylittleattentiontothe

passingscenery.The