專題16 書面表達技巧-2023年江蘇中考英語一輪復習牛津譯林版

專題16書面表達技巧中考英語作文構思技巧（一）審：審就是仔細審題?？辞逡螅_定體裁、人稱、時態(tài)等。（二）列：列就是抓要點。根據(jù)要點列出英文短語形式提綱，避免遺漏。（三）擴：擴就是擴展成句。將所列提綱形成“主+謂+賓?！焙汀爸?系+表?！被揪渥咏Y構，注意定語和狀語修飾成分位置的使用以及避免中國式英語出現(xiàn)。（四）連：連就是連句成篇。使用適當?shù)倪B詞和過渡語將表達要點的句子連接成文。（五）改：改主要從以下幾個方面進行自我修改：1.內(nèi)容是否完整。2.時態(tài)是否正確。3.拼寫和標點是否正確。4.主謂是否一致。5.格式和字數(shù)是否符合要求。6.層次是否清楚。中考英語書面表達的寫作技巧1.表文章結構順序：First

of

all=at

first

Second==And

then/nextFinally=In

the

end==At

last2.表并列補充關系的：FirstofallWhat

is

more,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,Aboveall,3.表轉折對比關系的：However/butAlthough(

從句)+主句On

the

one

hand…On

the

other

hand…

4.表因果關系的：Because+句子So+句子/As

a

result

,+句子5.表目的關系：主句+inorderthat/sothat+目的狀語從句6.表條件關系：主句+if/unless/aslongas+條件狀語從句7.表換一種方式表達：In

other

words,+句子Thatmeans+句子Thisistosay+句子8.表進行舉例說明：For

example，句子;such

as+n/doing

9.表陳述事實：In

fact

10.表達自己觀點：As

far

as

I

know/In

my

opinion

，+句子11.表總結：In

short，In

a

word，Generalspeaking,+句子中考英語作文常見錯誤分析1.審題不清：依據(jù)作文的評分原則，若文章內(nèi)容不切題，則不管語言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準確，都會被嚴重減分。2.拼寫錯誤

：拼寫是考生應該具備的最起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經(jīng)常能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多拼寫錯誤。有拼寫錯誤的作文肯定會被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼寫錯誤存在的作文不僅體現(xiàn)出語言基本功差，同時也直接影響內(nèi)容的表達，通常會降低作文的檔次。

3.名詞單復數(shù)問題：名詞單復數(shù)會造成主謂不一致錯誤，名詞前面缺少限定詞造成泛指現(xiàn)象。4.缺少動詞：在漢語中沒有動詞的句子是允許的，但英語中每個完整的句子都必須有動詞來構成。5.中國式英語的排列：按照漢語表述順尋羅列單詞組句。6.代詞的誤用：英語中代詞的形式很多，包括主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞等。而漢語中沒有主格和賓格、形容詞性物主代詞和名次性物主代詞之分；此外漢語中很多時候不用物主代詞，而英語中要體現(xiàn)人與物的關系必須用物主代詞。7.句子不完整

：因為對句子結構認識模糊，出現(xiàn)只寫半句的現(xiàn)象，這也是造成失分的原因之一。尤其體現(xiàn)在（及物動詞/不及物動詞運用）8.時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的搭配錯誤：漢語動詞無時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，而對英語來說，這些都至關重要。9.綜合性錯誤：綜合性錯誤是指單詞的大小寫和標點符號的錯誤等，以及形容詞和副詞的混淆、連詞的誤用等等?！敖Y構+要點+邏輯+語法+亮點” 結構：中考最流行的結構就是三段式，“觀點——要點——總結”讓人一目了然。 要點：要點要齊全（隱藏要點和明面列出的要點） 邏輯：這里的邏輯實際指的就是邏輯關系連詞，體現(xiàn)文章的連貫性和行文的流暢性。 語法：指句型、句子結構、時態(tài)、詞匯短語錯誤。 亮點：短文要有體現(xiàn)突出色彩的句型并與從句、狀語從句、固定句型中考英語閱卷老師看寫作主要有三個標準：1）結構2）內(nèi)容要點3）語言（詞組搭配、句型、句式變化、過渡詞）看結構和內(nèi)容要點定分數(shù)檔，看語言給成績。這是中考英語閱卷的潛規(guī)則。中考英語作文常用句型1.It'simportant(necessary)forsb.+todosth.做某事對某人來說……2.It'snouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事沒有用處/沒有好處。3.Thereisnoneedtodosth.沒必要做某事。4.Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事毫無意義5.Whatabout+doingsth？Howabout+doingsth？……怎么樣？6.Thereasonwhy+(表示結果句子)isthat+(表示原因句子)。……的原因是……7.Thatiswhy+(表示結果句子)。那就是……的原因。8.Thatisbecause+(表示原因句子)。那是因為……9.Itissaid/reportedthat+(事件陳述句子)。據(jù)說/據(jù)報道……10.Thereisnodoubtthat+(事件陳述句子)。毫無疑問……11.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat+(事件陳述句子)。不言而喻，/毫無疑問……12.Asisknowntoall，+(事件陳述句子)。眾所周知，……13.Itisgenerally/publiclyknown/consideredthat…眾所周知……14.Asweallknow,+(事件陳述句子)。據(jù)我們所知，……15.It'stimetodosth./It'stimeforsth.是該做某事的時候了。16.It'sbetter/besttodosth.最好做某事。17.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人話多少時間做某事。18.sth.costs.somemony.某物花了某人多少錢。19.sb.spendssometime/mony(in)doingsth.某人花多少時間/金錢。20.sb.payssomemoneyforsth.某人為某物付了多少錢。21.Amongvariouskindsof…，+(陳述句子)。/=Ofallthe…，+(陳述句子)。在各種……之中，……

22.Inmyopinion,+(觀點陳述句子)。=AsfarasIamconcerned,+(觀點陳述句子)。就我的看法……；我認為……Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultohealth.就我的看法打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。23.

Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation,+(問題陳述句子)。隨著人口的增加……

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,+(問題陳述句子)。隨著科技的進步……

24.狀語從句A）如果你不……，你就會……

Ifyoudon't…，you'll…例︰Ifyoudon'tkeepworkinghard,you'lllosethechance.如果你不堅持努力工作，你就會失去這次機會。B）如此……，以至于……

so…that…例：Atthatmoment,IwassoupsetthatIwantedtogiveup.當時，我非常傷心，最后都想放棄了。C）每當……就……每當我聽到……我就忍不住感到興奮。WheneverIhear…，Icannotbutfeelexcited.每當我做……我就忍不住感到悲傷。WheneverIdo…，Icannotbutfeelsad.每當我想到……我就忍不住感到緊張。WheneverIthinkof…，Icannotbutfeelnervous.每當我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。WheneverImeetwith…，Icannotbutfeelfrightened.每當我看到……我就忍不住感到驚訝。WheneverIsee…，Icannotbutfeelsurprised.25.賓語從句我認為，……

/我認為……不

Ithink/Idon'tthinkthat+(事件陳述句)。我想知道是否……

Iwonderwhether+(事件陳述句)。中考英語作文常用功能句型1.提建議hadbetter(not)do最好(不)做howabout/whataboutdoing

…怎么樣?Ithinkyoushoulddo我認為你應該…Isuggestthatyoushoulddo

我建議你做…IfIwereyou,Iwoulddo…我要是你的話，我會做…It’sbesttodo

最好做…Whynotdo/whydon’tyoudo…?為什么不…2.表示喜歡和感興趣like/lovedoing/enjoydoingbefondofdoing喜歡做…/bekeenondoing喜歡做…prefertodoAratherthandoB寧愿做A也不愿做Bbeinterestedindoing=show/takeagreatinterestindoing

感興趣3..努力做…trytodo努力做…tryone’sbesttodo=doone’sbesttodo竭盡全力做…makeeffortstodo=makeeveryefforttodo盡力做…dowhatsbcan(do)todo盡力做…sparenoefforttodo不遺余力的做…4.打算做…/計劃做…intend/plantodo打算做…begoingtodo打算/計劃做…decidetodo決定做…determinetodo決定做…bedeterminedtodo決定做…makeupone’smindtodo下定決心做…5.表示想/希望wanttodo=wouldliketodo想做…h(huán)opetodo

希望做…expecttodo期待著做…wishtodo

希望做…considerdoing考慮做…6.只加doing作賓語的動詞finish完成practice練習suggest建議consider考慮mind介意enjoy喜歡doing固定搭配lookforwardtodoing盼望做…keepondoing堅持做…dreamofdoing夢想做…can’thelpdoing情不自禁地做…keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoing阻止某人做…bebusy(in)doing

bebusywith+名詞

忙于做…spendtime/money(in)doing

spendtime/moneyon+名詞

花費時間做…h(huán)avefun/haveagoodtime/enjoyoneselfdoing玩得開心havetrouble/haveproblem/havedifficulty(in)doing

做…有困難話題1：傳統(tǒng)文化傳統(tǒng)文化是近幾年中考的熱點，相信今年考它的可能性會很大。中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日是傳統(tǒng)文化的一部分。假設你是李華，你的美國朋友MIKE想通過你了解中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。請你根據(jù)提示，給Mike寫一封e-mail，向他介紹我國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)的情況。內(nèi)容提示：1.春節(jié)是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日;2.春節(jié)期間人們的主要活動(節(jié)前準備、除夕夜、節(jié)日期間活動)寫作要求：1.文中必須包括所給提示中內(nèi)容要點，可展開思路，適當發(fā)揮；2.不少于80詞。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DearMike,Howareyou?I’mreallygladthatyouareinterestedintraditionalChinesefestivals.TherearemanytraditionalfestivalsinChina,suchasSpringFestival,Mid-AutumnDayandsoon.I’dliketointroducetheSpringFestivaltoyou.SpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalholidayinChina.Itusuallylastsfor15days.Daysbeforethefestival,peoplecleantheirhouses.Theythinkcleaningsweepsanybadluck.Theydecoratetheirhouseswithpapercuts.Ontheeveofthefestival,familymembersgettogetherandhavebigmeals.ThentheywatchtheSpringFestivalGalaonTV.Atmidnight,theysetofffireworkstowelcometheNewYear.Duringthefestival,kidsgetluckymoneyfromoldpeople.Peoplevisittheirrelativesandfriends.Theywishoneanotherahappyyearandgoodluck.Howhappyweare.Yours,LiHua話題2：垃圾分類垃圾分類，人人有責。假如你是李華，你受學生會的委托，向在校交換生發(fā)出參與垃圾分類的倡議。請你以"WasteSorting-AMustforEveryone"為題，用英文寫一封倡議書，談談垃圾分類的意義，以及我們能做什么。提示詞語:wastesorting(垃圾分類),litter,recycle,protect,environment提示問題:

Whyiswastesortingimportant?Whatcanwedotohelpwithwastesorting?

WasteSorting-AMustforEveryoneDearstudents,Wastesortingisbecomingincreasinglycommonaroundourcountry.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________StudentCouncilDearfellowstudents,Wastesortingisbecomingincreasinglycommonaroundourcountry.Ihopeallofuscangetinvolvedinthismeaningfulactivity.Itisimportantbecauseitcannotonlyreducethelandpollutionbutalsoraiseourawarenesstoprotecttheenvironment.Asstudents,wecandoalotforwastesorting.Firstofall,weshouldlearnhowtosortthewasteonline.Secondly,wecansortthewastebypreparingsomebinsindifferentcolorsathome.Lastbutnotleast,it’salsoagoodchoicetoputupposterstocallonmorepeopletojoinus.Inaword,evenasmallactioncanmakeabigdifferencetoourenvironment.Let’spulltogethertostartsortingthewasterightnow!Thankyou!StudentCouncil高分亮點：短語：atthebeginningof；warnsbnottodo；keepdoing；notonly…butalso；encouragesbtodo；makeeffortsto；句型：who引導的定語從句；when引導的時間狀語從句；that引導的定語從句；and引導的并列句。話題3：減壓生活節(jié)奏加快，競爭日益激烈，讓大多數(shù)中學生在生活和學習上或多或少產(chǎn)生了壓力，如何應對壓力是大家不可回避的問題。為了更好地發(fā)現(xiàn)及解決同學們中存在的心理壓力問題,你們班特意開展了一次以"LessPressure,BetterLife"為主題的英語演講比賽,請你準備發(fā)言稿,談談你對于緩解壓力的看法和建議。內(nèi)容要點:1.同學們普遍存在的壓力是什么;2.我的壓力是什么;3.我是如何成功緩解我的壓力的。寫作要求:1.文中必須包括所給提示中內(nèi)容要點，可展開思路，適當發(fā)揮；2.不少于80詞。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LessPressure,BetterLifeHello,boysandgirls：Pressureisaseriousproblemintoday’sworld.Studentsinourclassareundertoomuchpressure.Somestudentscan’tgetonwellwiththeirclassmates,whileothersmayworryabouttheirexams.I’malwaysunderpressure,too.Myparentswantmetobethetopstudentinclass.Sotheysendmetoallkindsofafter-classesatweekends.LastMondayevening,Ihadatalkwithmymother.ItoldherIwasnotlazy.Ireallyfelttired.Ineededtimetorelax.Mymotheragreedwithmeatlast.SoIthinkaconversationwithparentsisnecessarytosolvetheproblem.That’sall.Thankyou!【練一練】【1】.第二屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇將于2019年在中國舉辦。組委會向社會征集志愿者。假設你是新華中學學生李華，請按上面的要求給組委會寫一封應聘信。要求：1.熱情、有禮；2.熟悉中國傳統(tǒng)文化；3.英語口語流利。生詞：“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇theBeltandRoadForumforinternationalCooperation注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭語和結束語已為你寫好。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearSirorMadam,Thankyouforreadingmyletter.AstheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationiscoming,I'dlikeverymuchtobeavolunteer.Allourcitizensarelookingforwardtothisspecialevent.Firstofall,IpromiseIwill,withgreatpassion,trymybesttoserveourdistinguishedguestsfromhomeandabroadpolitely.Besides,IhavearichknowledgeaboutChinesehistoryandespeciallytraditionalculture,whichenablesmetospreadoursplendidculture.What'smore,I'mgoodatEnglishandChinese,whichwillplayanimportantroleincommunicationduringtheforum.Tosumup,IbelieveIcanbeaexcellentvolunteer.IwilltrymybestifI'maccepted.【2】同學們,三年的英語學習就要結束了,你進展如何呢?現(xiàn)在學校"男神女神墻"上榜人物評選活動正在火熱進行中,請你推薦(recommend)一個心目中的人選(可以是同學、老師或自己),用英語寫一篇80詞左右的短文,介紹一下他/她或你自己的情況。內(nèi)容要求:1.介紹他/她或你自己的個人信息:姓名、年齡、生日等;2.介紹他/她或你自己的興趣愛好(至少3個方面)并簡要說明理由;3.你推薦他/她或你自己的原因,或者他/她對你產(chǎn)生什么好的影響。注意:短文中不允許出現(xiàn)與考生本人相關的真實姓名和校名等信息。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hello,everyone,Ihavearightpersonforthis"wall".HisnameisTom.Heis14yearsoldthisyear.HisbirthdayisonMay1st.Hehasshorthairandwearsapairofglasses.HeistallandalittlebitstrongerthanIam.Inmyeyes,heisacleverandcoolboy.Tomisabasketballstarinmyclass.Heplaysbasketballverywell.Heoftenplaysitwithusafterschool.HisfavoritedayisMondayandFridaybecausewehaveP.E.onMondayandFriday.It'shisfavoritesubject.Andwecanplaybasketball.Tomhasgoodeatinghabits.Helovesfruitandvegetablesverymuch.Hethinksthey'rehealthyfood.Healsolikesice-cream,buthedoesn'teatitbecausehedoesn'twanttobefat.Irecommendhimbecauseheiscoolandfun;heisgoodatplayingsports.Andheismybestfriend.【3】在過去的日子里,我們有過歡笑,也有過淚水……照片,或將這些精彩定格,或勾起你對往事的回憶。某英語網(wǎng)站向你發(fā)出邀請,請你按要求用英語寫一篇80詞左右的短文,分享你照片背后的故事。內(nèi)容要求:(1)描述你的照片(時間,地點,人物……);(2)分享你的故事(起因,經(jīng)過,結果……);(3)談談你的感受(感動,懷念,影響……)。注意:故事必須原創(chuàng);短文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的姓名及校名。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thisisaphotothatisveryspecialtome.Inthephoto,Iwas10whilemydadlookedyounger.Look,wewereplayingping-ponghappily.Iusedtobeaping-pongplayer.Mydadtrainedmesohard,thoughhewastiredafteraday'swork.Once,IlostagameandIfeltsosadthatIwantedtogiveup.Mydadsaidnothing,sittingquietlywithme.Thenextmorning,Ifoundapieceofpaper.Itsaid,"Nevergiveup,dear.Iamproudofyou!"Now,Ispendlesstimeplayingping-pongbecauseofmybusystudy.ButIwillneverforgetwhatmyfathertoldme.Heisproudofme.HowluckyIamtobehisdaughter!【4】發(fā)明改變了世界,同時也改變了我們的生活。例如,電視給我們的生活帶來了許多變化和便利。請你以"Inventions"為話題,根據(jù)提示寫一份值日生報告。先介紹電視的用途,再發(fā)揮想象,說說你想發(fā)明的東西,并說明其用途和理由。注意:1.報告須包括以上所有提示的信息,但不要逐字翻譯,可適當發(fā)揮,使行文連貫;2.發(fā)明的東西可大可小,有用即可;3.詞數(shù)80個左右。開頭和結尾已為你寫好,不計入總詞數(shù)。Goodmorning,everyone!TodayI'mgoingtotalkaboutinventions.Inventionsarecreatedeverydaybecausepeoplewouldliketomakelifeeasier.Therearemanyfamousinventions,suchasTV,smartphones,computersandsoon.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】IthinkTVisthemostimportantandusefulinventionintheworld.TVprovidesuswithdifferentkindsofinformationandcolorfulprogramssothatwecanknowmoreabouttheworld.Wewatchentertainmentprogramstorelax.Besides,somelearningprogramshelpuswithourstudy.Thoughtherehavebeenmanygreatinventions,Iwishtoinventakindofpenwhichcanhelpuswritemorequicklyandneatly.Whenwemeetproblemsindoingourhomeworkortakingexams,itwilltelluswhattodo.That'sall.Thankyouverymuch.【5】假設下周是"校園環(huán)保活動周",你班為響應學校號召,打算出一期以"低碳環(huán)保"為主題的英語黑板報。請你根據(jù)下面的內(nèi)容提示用英語寫一份環(huán)保倡議書,作為黑板報的一部分。內(nèi)容提示:·節(jié)約用水·節(jié)約用電·盡量選擇公共交通(publictransportation)出行·愛護花草樹木·少看電視、少玩電腦游戲,多進行戶外活動注意:(1)內(nèi)容可適當發(fā)揮;(2)80詞左右;(3)開頭已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Doyouwanttomakeourcityamorebeautifulplaceandthenbeagreenperson?Ifso,herearesomeideas.First,don'twastewater.Wecansavewaterbytakingshortershowersorturningoffthewaterwhenwebrushourteeth.Second,weshouldalwaysturnoffthelightswhenweleavearoomtosaveelectricity.Third,wehadbettertakepublictransportationasmuchaspossible,liketakingabus.Fourth,weshouldtakegoodcareoftreesandflowers.Theyaregoodforourenvironment.La