7-漢語(yǔ)無主句的英譯

中譯外—漢語(yǔ)無主句的英譯

howtotranslateChinesesentenceswithnosubjectintoEnglish漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的差異之一：漢語(yǔ)愛用無主句，它在任何語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里都能表達(dá)完整明確的意思英語(yǔ)句子一般要有主語(yǔ)TIPS:翻譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式采用Itisv-edthat從句形式直接被動(dòng)2.增加主語(yǔ)根據(jù)上下文增加主語(yǔ)增加one,you,we,they,people等作主語(yǔ)1.采用Itisv-edthat從句形式1)直升機(jī)飛抵映秀鎮(zhèn)上空時(shí)，可以看見整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子幾乎變成了一片廢墟。直升機(jī)helicopter飛抵…上空

arriveabovethetown/cityoffly/passoverthetown/cityof廢墟ruins

shambles遭嚴(yán)重破壞的地方；凌亂的景象

wasteland[u,c]n.不毛之地，荒地

I、翻譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式1)直升機(jī)飛抵映秀鎮(zhèn)上空時(shí)，可以看見整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子幾乎變成了一片廢墟。WhenthehelicopterarrivedabovethetownofYingxiu,itcouldbeseenthatthewholetownwasalmostreducedtoruins/shambles.

reduceto…,reduce…to…（使）淪為Whenthehelicopterflew/passedoverthetownofYingxiu,itcouldbeseenthatthewholetownwasalmostturnedintoruins/shambles.2)已經(jīng)證明，對(duì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民和世界其他地方人民的交流來說，這是最好的途徑之一。促進(jìn)交流

promote/facilitateexchange(s)途徑way/approachIthasbeenprovedthatthisisoneofthebestways/approachestopromotetheexchangebetweenthepeoplesofChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.3)可以說，這個(gè)期間我國(guó)財(cái)富有了巨額增加，整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)上了一個(gè)新的臺(tái)階。增加財(cái)富accumulate/expand/increase

wealthboostprice提高價(jià)格國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)nationaleconomy上新臺(tái)階

risetoanewlevelraise…toanewlevel

reachanewlevelreachahigherstageofdevelopment3)可以說，這個(gè)期間我國(guó)財(cái)富有了巨額增加，整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)上了一個(gè)新的臺(tái)階。ItcanbesaidthatduringthisperiodChina’swealthexpandedconsiderably,andthenationaleconomyasawholewasraisedtoanewlevel.……Chinahasaccumulatedconsiderablewealth,withitswholenationaleconomyrisingto/reachinganewlevel.總結(jié)據(jù)了解/據(jù)報(bào)道……Ithasbeenlearned/reportedthat……據(jù)估計(jì)……Itisestimatedthat……據(jù)說/據(jù)信/據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)……Itissaid/believed/predictedthat……可以想象/斷言/斷定/肯定……Itcanbeimagined/asserted/decided/affirmedthat……必須指出……Itmustbepointedthat……人們有時(shí)會(huì)問……Itissometimesaskedthat……由此可見……Itwillbeseenfromthisthat……不用說誰(shuí)都知道……Itisunderstoodthat……無可否認(rèn)……Itcannotbedeniedthat……已經(jīng)證明……Ithasbeenprovedthat……可以有把握地說Itmaybesafelysaidthat……人們希望……Itisexpected/hopedthat……2.直接被動(dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)，奧運(yùn)會(huì)是當(dāng)今世界惟一屬于全世界普通百姓的節(jié)日。承認(rèn)

recognize

作“承認(rèn)”解時(shí)，系書面用詞，主要指合法的或外交、官方的承認(rèn)，也指公認(rèn)

admitone’smistakes/guilt強(qiáng)調(diào)因外力或良心驅(qū)使或經(jīng)判斷而明確承認(rèn)，多含不情愿或被迫意味

acknowledge[中]

側(cè)重指公開承認(rèn)，以及大眾承認(rèn)

beacknowledgedas公認(rèn)為普通百姓

common/ordinary

peopleI、翻譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)，奧運(yùn)會(huì)是當(dāng)今世界惟一屬于全世界普通百姓的節(jié)日。TheOlympicGamesshouldberecognizedtobetheonlyfestivalforcommon/ordinarypeopleoftheworldtoday.ItshouldberecognizedthattheOlympicGamesistheonlyfestivalforcommon/ordinarypeopleofthepresent-dayworld.2)發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，一定要改正。Errorsmustbecorrectedwhendiscovered.3)進(jìn)一步深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。國(guó)有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises

私企privateenterprises

外企foreign-funded/invested/ownedenterprisesThereformofstate-ownedenterpriseswillbefurthercarriedout/deepened.優(yōu)先發(fā)展科技教育。優(yōu)先togiveprioritytoThepriorityshouldbegiventothedevelopmentofscience,technologyandeducation.5)以公路建設(shè)為重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)鐵路、機(jī)場(chǎng)、天然氣管道干線的建設(shè)。以…為重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize，stresstolay/place/putemphasison/upontolay/place/putstresson/uponEmphasisshouldbeplacedonhighwayconstructionwhilemoreeffortswillbemadeinbuildingrailways,airportsandgaspipelines.1.根據(jù)上下文增加主語(yǔ)人們的看法是旅游業(yè)將有助于促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民和其他國(guó)家人民之間的相互了解和友誼，并將有利于文化、科學(xué)、技術(shù)方面的交流。還會(huì)有助于國(guó)家增加收入。促進(jìn)了解promote/enhanceunderstanding增進(jìn)友誼promote/strengthen

friendship促進(jìn)交流promote/facilitateexchanges收入：revenue國(guó)家的收入、稅收

profit企業(yè)收入

income、earnings企業(yè)、個(gè)人收入

II.增加主語(yǔ)1)人們的看法是旅游業(yè)將有助于促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民和其他國(guó)家人民之間的相互了解和友誼，并將有利于文化、科學(xué)、技術(shù)方面的交流。還會(huì)有助于國(guó)家增加收入。Thedevelopmentoftourism,itisbelieved,willhelppromotemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenthepeoplesofChinaandothercountries,andfacilitateexchangesinthefieldsofculture,scienceandtechnology.Tourismalsohelpsincreasenationalrevenue.2)看完展覽之后，也許還有時(shí)間進(jìn)了書店。展覽exposition(較大規(guī)模的)博覽會(huì),展覽會(huì)Eg:ShanghaiExpo上海世博會(huì)

show(小規(guī)模的)展示會(huì)，展覽會(huì)Imightstillhavetimetovisitbookstoresaftertheexposition.Theremightstillbesometimeforavisittobookstoresaftertheexposition.3)弄得不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。前功盡棄

towasteallthepreviouseffortsAlllabourislost.Allone'slabourhasbeeninvain.Ifthingsarenotproperlyhandled,allourworksofar/tillnowwillbewasted.2.增加one,you,we,they,people等作主語(yǔ)從太空觀察地球，可以更深入地了解地球的構(gòu)造，探明地球的資源，預(yù)測(cè)地震、洪水、颶風(fēng)、火山爆發(fā)、海嘯和其他自然災(zāi)害，可以保護(hù)人們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)。探明資源(=勘探資源)exploreresources地震、洪水、颶風(fēng)、火山爆發(fā)、海嘯earthquakes,floods,hurricanes,volcaniceruptions,tsunamis([su'nɑ:mi])自然災(zāi)害natural

disasters/calamities

注：catastrophe大災(zāi)難,程度比disaster/calamity深，如thecatastropheofaworldwideconflictII.增加主語(yǔ)Observing/WatchingtheEarthfromspace,wecanfurtherunderstanditsstructure,exploreitsresourcesandpredictearthquakes,floods,hurricanes,volcaniceruptions,tsunamisandothernaturalcalamities,sothatwecanbetterprotectourhumanlivesandproperty.……,wecanhaveamorein-depthunderstandingofitsstructureandexplorationofitsresources,andpredict…………,wecanhaveadeeperinsightintoitsconstitutionandresources,sothatwecanprotectourhumanlivesandpropertiesbypredicting…....2)從根本上說，手頭東西多了，在處理各種矛盾和問題時(shí)就立于主動(dòng)地位。從根本上說，大致說來basically(speaking)手頭，在手邊[美]onhand;[英]inhand處理矛盾

tohandle/settle/solve/resolvecontradictions/conflicts立于主動(dòng)地位(=掌握主動(dòng)性)

havetheinitiative(n.主動(dòng)權(quán)/性&adj.主動(dòng)的,自發(fā)的)Eg:He'sgotnoinitiativeinhiswork.他在工作上沒有主動(dòng)性。

2)從根本上說，手頭東西多了，在處理各種矛盾和問題時(shí)就立于主動(dòng)地位。Basically,whenwehaveenoughmaterialsonhand,weshallhavetheinitiativeinhandling/settlingvariouscontradictionsandproblems.Basically,whenwehavegotourhandsfullwithenoughmaterials,…...Basically,ifwehavesufficientmaterialsonhand,weshallhavetheinitiativewhile/whensolving/resolvingvariousconflictsandproblems.3)婚姻不是生活的唯一模式，不應(yīng)該為了該結(jié)婚而結(jié)婚。生活模式，生存模式themode/pattern/wayoflifethemode/pattern/wayofliving/existenceMarriageisnottheonlymode/wayoflife,sooneshouldnotgetmarriedformarriage’sake.

注：forthesakeof由于，為了Eg:Arenewspaperstodaypublishedonlyforthesakeofthenews?當(dāng)今報(bào)紙的發(fā)行只是為了報(bào)導(dǎo)新聞嗎？

foranysake無論如何

4)看自己一朵花，看別人豆腐渣?？创?/p>

consider/regard/treat…asconsider/regard/treat…tobe豆腐beancurd;tofu渣[常pl.]dregs渣滓，糟粕[常sing]residue渣滓，濾渣[u]n.sediment沉淀物，沉積Onetreatsoneselfasaflower,buttreatsothersasthebean-curddregs/residue.5)知人知面不知心。Youmayknowaperson'sfacebutnothisheart/mind.Wemayknowaman‘sexteri