北京市第四中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

高三英語(yǔ)（試卷滿分為100分，考試時(shí)間為90分鐘）第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AnUnexpectedGiftTwelve-year-oldMathewFloresisdifferentfromotherkids.Helovesjunk(垃圾)mail,andtheseadvertisementsweretheonlyreadingmaterials___1___tohim.Onceheaskedhismailmanifhecouldofferhimsome.Thequestion___2___themailman.Heaskedtheboythereason,andthenrecordedhis___3___inhisFacebook.“Todaywhiledeliveringmail,Isawaboyreadingads,andheaskedmeforextramail.Actuallyhewantstogotothelibrary,buthisfamilyisverypoorandcan’t___4___thebus.”ThemailmanthenaskedhisFacebookfriendsiftheycould___5___somebooksfortheboy.Hewrote,“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks.It’sgreattoseehisrare___6___,andyoumayhaveseenhimsmilewhenIsaidIcouldhelphim!”“Heiscountingonme,”heconcluded.“SoIamcountingonyou!”ThemailmanthoughttheFacebookpostmight___7___50to60books.Buthis___8___waspassedonquickly.Peoplefromaroundtheworld,includingtheUK,AustraliaandIndia,havesentbooks.Hundredsofbookshavebeendeliveredtotheboy’sdoor,withhundredsmore___9___ontheirway.Whenbooksfirststartedarriving,Floreswasshockedbywhathappened.“Ithoughttheywere____10____,buttheyindeedwereforme.”Hesaysthathecan’twaittosharethebookswithotherkids,andhaspromisedtoreadeveryone.1.A.natural B.available C.common D.familiar2.A.frightened B.disappointed C.surprised D.amused3.A.response B.effort C.decision D.comment4.A.own B.take C.share D.afford5.A.adjust B.examine C.spare D.publish6.A.desire B.effect C.purpose D.value7.A.giveaway B.bringin C.takeon D.putup8.A.belief B.spirit C.secret D.request9.A.only B.nearly C.still D.thus10.A.mistaken B.helpless C.unusual D.awkward【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了郵遞員無(wú)意間發(fā)現(xiàn)小男孩兒MathewFlores因貧窮而只看不起書后，將他的故事發(fā)到在臉書上，網(wǎng)友們知道后，給小男孩送了好多愛(ài)心圖書的故事?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他喜歡垃圾郵件，這些廣告是他唯一能得到的閱讀材料。A.natural自然的；B.available可獲得的；C.common共同的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)第二段中“buthisfamilyisverypoor”可知小男孩之所以讀這些垃圾郵件，是因?yàn)樗募彝ヌF。所以這些廣告是他唯一可獲得的閱讀材料。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題使郵遞員大吃一驚。A.frightened害怕的；B.disappointed失望的；C.surprised感到驚訝的；D.amused覺(jué)得好笑的。根據(jù)分析可知，垃圾郵件一向是人們不喜歡的，而小男孩卻問(wèn)郵遞員要垃圾郵件，所以在下一句中“Heaskedtheboythereason”郵遞員問(wèn)小男孩這樣做的原因?？芍]遞員是感到驚訝的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他問(wèn)了男孩原因，然后在臉書上記錄了他的回答。A.response回答；B.effort努力；C.decision決定；D.comment評(píng)論。根據(jù)前文“Heaskedtheboythereason”可知，他問(wèn)了小男孩為什么要這些垃圾郵件，所以這里應(yīng)該是將小男孩的回答發(fā)到了臉書上，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)際上他想去圖書館，但他的家庭很窮，付不起乘坐公共汽車的錢。A.own擁有；B.take乘坐；C.share分享；D.afford付得起。根據(jù)“buthisfamilyisverypoor”可知，小男孩的家庭很貧困，去圖書館但付不起乘坐公交車的錢。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，這位郵遞員問(wèn)他臉書上的朋友們是否可以勻出一些書給小男孩。A.adjust調(diào)整；B.examine檢查；C.spare勻出D.publish出版。根據(jù)下句“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks”以及“somebooksfortheboy.”可知，由于小男孩想要書，所以郵遞員想讓臉書上的朋友們勻出一些自己的書給小男孩。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：遇見他這么罕見的心愿真是太好了，當(dāng)我說(shuō)我可以幫助他時(shí)，你可以想象他當(dāng)時(shí)的笑容。A.desire心愿；B.effect努力；C.purpose目的；D.value價(jià)值。根據(jù)上文中“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks”可知大部分的孩子都想要電子產(chǎn)品，而小男孩想要的卻是書，他的愿望是很罕見的。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：郵差本認(rèn)為臉書上的帖子可能會(huì)收獲50到60本書。A.giveaway分發(fā)；B.bringin收獲；C.takeon承擔(dān)；D.putup張貼。根據(jù)下文“Peoplefromaroundtheworld,includingtheUK,AustraliaandIndia,havesentbooks.”以及“50to60books.”可知，臉書上的帖子讓他收獲了很多書。郵差本認(rèn)為臉書上的帖子可能會(huì)收獲50到60本書。故選B項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的請(qǐng)求在網(wǎng)上傳播很快。A.belief信仰；B.spirit精神；C.secret秘密；D.request請(qǐng)求。根據(jù)上文可知，郵遞員向網(wǎng)友們請(qǐng)求捐一些書給小男孩，所以這里他發(fā)的帖子應(yīng)該是請(qǐng)求幫助的，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：數(shù)百本的書已經(jīng)送到了男孩的門口，還有數(shù)百本的書仍然在路上。A.only僅僅；B.nearly差不多；C.still仍然；D.thus因此。根據(jù)上文“Hundredsofbookshavebeendeliveredtotheboy’sdoor.”以及“ontheirway”可知，有很多書都已經(jīng)送到了男孩兒的門口，但還有很多書還沒(méi)有送到。依舊在路上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)書開始陸續(xù)到達(dá)時(shí)，F(xiàn)lores被發(fā)生的事情震驚了：“我以為他們弄錯(cuò)了，但他們確實(shí)是送給我的?！盇.mistaken弄錯(cuò)的；B.helpless無(wú)用的；C.unusual不尋常的；D.awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)本句中的連接詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知，弗洛雷斯一開始很驚訝，以為書是別人寄錯(cuò)了的。但后來(lái)知道書的確是送給他的。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheInternationalWorkers’Day,also___11___(call)LaborDayorMayDay,servesasacelebrationofworkersacrossthewholesocialspectrum(范圍).Chinesepeoplecelebratetheirholidaywitharangeofactivities.It’satime___12___relaxation,asworkersenjoyadayoff.Thisyear’sholidaylastedfromMay1toMay5,duringwhichtimemanypeoplechose___13___(travel)toscenicspots,goshopping,visitexhibitions,orjustenjoytheirtimeoffworkwithfamilyandfriends.Parksandpublicattractionsacrossthecountrywerefilledwithvisitorseagertoenjoytheirvacation.【答案】11.called12.for13.totravel【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了什么是國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，中國(guó)今年勞動(dòng)節(jié)的時(shí)間及人們?cè)谄陂g的活動(dòng)?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，也被稱為勞動(dòng)節(jié)或五一，是整個(gè)社會(huì)階層的工人的慶?；顒?dòng)。句子的謂語(yǔ)為serves，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，TheInternationalWorkers’Day與call為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。故填called?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是一個(gè)放松的時(shí)間，因?yàn)楣と藗兿硎芤惶斓募倨?。relaxation為名詞，空處為介詞。timefor…意思為：……的時(shí)間。故填for?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今年假期從5月1日持續(xù)到5月5日，在此期間，許多人選擇去旅游景點(diǎn)，購(gòu)物，參觀展覽，或只是與家人和朋友享受他們的假期。choosetodo意思為：選擇做某事，空處用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填totravel。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMiskolc,anortheasterncityinHungary,FanLiyunhaswitnessed___14___acupofteamakesadifferenceinculturalexchanges.Fan,59,___15___(work)attheConfuciusInstituteoftheUniversityofMiskolcasaChineseteachercurrently.Sheobservesthattheinstituteisseeingmorestudentswhoarecuriousabouttheinstitute’scoursesthisspringsemester.“Weusuallyheldactivitiestoattractstudentsbeforenewsemesters.Butitseemsit’snolongernecessaryaswealmost___16___(finish)enrollmentbeforethissemesterstarted,saidFan,whowasknownasKristibyherstudents.“Ithinknowthenumberofstudents___17___(study)inourinstitutehasatleastdoubled,comparedtowhenIfirstarrivedherein2019.”【答案】14.how15.works16.hadfinished17.studying【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了一位中國(guó)老師范麗云在匈牙利一所大學(xué)掀起了一股茶文化熱潮，引起了孔子學(xué)院的學(xué)生報(bào)名人數(shù)激增?！?4題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：在匈牙利東北部城市米什科爾茨，范麗云見證了一杯茶如何對(duì)文化交流產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。witness后為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，結(jié)合句意，表示“如何”用連接副詞how。故填how?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)年59歲的范目前在米什科爾茨大學(xué)孔子學(xué)院任教?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)，根據(jù)currently可知，句子描述當(dāng)下發(fā)生的事情，結(jié)合work可知，此句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示目前情況。主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填works。【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：但現(xiàn)在看來(lái)已經(jīng)沒(méi)有必要了，因?yàn)樵谶@學(xué)期開始之前，我們幾乎已經(jīng)完成了報(bào)名，范說(shuō)，她的學(xué)生們都叫她克里斯蒂?？仗幾鱝s引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞started，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，在學(xué)期開始前報(bào)名已經(jīng)完成，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadfinished?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：與我2019年剛來(lái)的時(shí)候相比，我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在在我們學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生人數(shù)至少翻了一番。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has，空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾students作定語(yǔ)，students與study構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填studying。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thecrisisoffoodwasteand___18___(lose)hasreachedalarminglevelsglobally,graduallyweakeningeffortstoeliminatehunger,povertyandenvironmentalpollution,saidtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)inanewreportlaunchedWednesday.TheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024thesecondeditionofthiskind,___19___(launch)inNairobi,theKenyancapital,aheadoftheInternationalDayofZeroWastewhichfallsonSaturday.Theworldwasted1.05billiontonsoffoodin2022,equivalentto132kilogramsperpersonandone-fifthofallfoodavailabletoconsumers,saidthereport___20___wasco-authoredbyUNEPandWRAP,aBritishenvironmentalcharity.【答案】18.loss19.waslaunched20.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道，由聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）發(fā)布的報(bào)告稱，全球糧食浪費(fèi)和損失危機(jī)已達(dá)到令人震驚的水平。【18題詳解】考查名詞。句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）在周三發(fā)布的一份新報(bào)告中稱，全球糧食浪費(fèi)和損失危機(jī)已達(dá)到令人震驚的水平，逐漸削弱了消除饑餓、貧困和環(huán)境污染的努力。空處與waste并列，用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填loss?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的《食物浪費(fèi)指數(shù)報(bào)告2024》（這是此類報(bào)告的第二版）于周六國(guó)際零浪費(fèi)日之前在肯尼亞首都內(nèi)羅畢發(fā)布?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)TheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024thesecondedition為單數(shù)，與launch之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句子描述報(bào)告發(fā)布在過(guò)去，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填waslaunched?！?0題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這份由聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署和英國(guó)環(huán)保慈善機(jī)構(gòu)WRAP共同撰寫的報(bào)告稱，2022年全球浪費(fèi)了10.5億噸食物，相當(dāng)于每人132公斤，占消費(fèi)者所能獲得的所有食物的五分之一。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為thereport，為物，作從句的主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATherearemanywaystogetinvolvedandvolunteerattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory.BecomingaMuseumAmbassadorisoneofthem.Tolearnmoreaboutthisvolunteerprogram,pleaseseethedescriptionsbelow.MuseumAmbassadorsattheAmericanHistoryMuseumareamobilesourceofinformationthathelpsbridgethegapbetweentwoothervolunteergroupshereatthemuseum—informationdeskspecialists,whoprovideorientation(方向)assistancewhenguestsarrive,andvolunteerdocents(講師),whoprovideHighlightstours,facilitatehands-ondemonstrationsandcirculatethroughmanyofourexhibitionstointeractwithvisitors.Eachyear,ourMuseumAmbassadorshelpover100,000peoplegetthemostoutoftheirvisitsbywelcominggroups,circulatingthroughoutthemuseum'spubliczonestoanswerbasicquestions,anddirectingvisitorstoprogramsandexhibitionsofinterest.ThemuseumhasalsoemployedtheMuseumAmbassadorstoassistwithspecialprojectsandeventsasneeded.TolearnmoreaboutwhatMuseumAmbassadorsdo,checkoutwhatLarryhassaid,“Asmuseumambassadors,wegettoshareinthecuriosityofachild,thenostalgia(懷舊)ofreturningvisitors,thetreasurehuntofstudentsassignedtofindimportanthistoricalobjects,andtheamazementofthoseexperiencingoureyeonthenation'shistoryforthefirsttime.Wecanhelprecommendameaningfulmuseumvisitjustforyou.There'smore.We'realsotrafficcopswhenelevatorsandescalatorsbreakandextraeyesformuseumsecurity."Ifyouenjoy…?interactingwithdiverseaudiences,agegroupsandlearningstyles.?workinginanoftenbusyandchangingenvironment.Ifyouhave…?stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.?aninterestinhistoryandcommunication.Ifyoucan…committothreeshiftsamonth(weekdayAmbassadors)ortwiceamonth(weekendAmbassadors).Themuseumisopen364daysayear,includingweekendsandholidays.?handlefrequentwalking,standing,andtalking.ToApplyTolearnmoreinformationabouttheapplicationprocess,pleasecontactRuthShirley.NOTE:Acceptanceintotheprogramissubjecttosuccessfulcompletionofaninterviewandbackgroundinvestigation.21.WhichoneistheresponsibilityofMuseumAmbassadors?A.Toreceivevisitorsattheentrance.B.Totakefullchargeofmuseumsecurity.C.Todirectvisitorstotheirexhibitionsofinterest.D.Tohelpvisitorswithhands-ondemonstrations22.AqualifiedMuseumAmbassadorshould________.A.enjoycommunicatingwithpeopleB.speakatleasttwoforeignlanguagesC.haveacademicbackgroundinhistoryD.committoworkingthreeshiftsatweekends23.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto__________.A.introducevolunteerprogramsforteenagersB.providespecialtourstomeetdifferentneedsC.invitepeopletovisittheAmericanHistoryMuseumD.attractpotentialapplicantsforMuseumAmbassadors【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要通過(guò)介紹博物館大使這個(gè)志愿者工作，來(lái)吸引有意申請(qǐng)博物館大使的人士?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Eachyear,ourMuseumAmbassadorshelpover100,000peoplegetthemostoutoftheirvisitsbywelcominggroups,circulatingthroughoutthemuseum'spubliczonestoanswerbasicquestions,anddirectingvisitorstoprogramsandexhibitionsofinterest.(每年，我們的博物館大使所做的是歡迎游客，在博物館的公共區(qū)域巡回且回答游客的基本問(wèn)題，并引導(dǎo)參觀者參觀感興趣的項(xiàng)目和展覽，通過(guò)做這些，我們的博物館大使幫助了超過(guò)10萬(wàn)人，使他們?cè)谧约旱穆糜螀⒂^中有最大的收獲。)”可知，博物館大使的職責(zé)之一就是引導(dǎo)游客參觀他們感興趣的展覽。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ifyouhave…部分“?stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.?aninterestinhistoryandcommunication.(較強(qiáng)的人際交往和溝通能力。對(duì)歷史和溝通有興趣。)”可知，一個(gè)合格的博物館大使應(yīng)該是喜歡與人交流和溝通，A項(xiàng)“enjoycommunicatingwithpeople(喜歡和人交流)”符合，B項(xiàng)“speakatleasttwoforeignlanguages(至少會(huì)說(shuō)兩種外語(yǔ))”文中沒(méi)有提到，C項(xiàng)“haveacademicbackgroundinhistory(具有歷史學(xué)術(shù)背景)”文中也沒(méi)有提到，文中只提到對(duì)歷史感興趣，所以C不對(duì)；根據(jù)Ifyoucan…部分中“twiceamonth(weekendAmbassadors).(一月兩次換班（周末大使）)”可知，D選項(xiàng)“committoworkingthreeshiftsatweekends(承諾周末三班倒)”不符，故選A。3.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段主要介紹了成為博物館大使，可以在美國(guó)歷史博物館做志愿者。第二段主要介紹了博物館大使的職責(zé)。第三段介紹了成為博物館大使的一些好處。接著文章從申請(qǐng)人的意愿，條件，要求，申請(qǐng)等幾個(gè)方面介紹博物館大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是為了吸引有意申請(qǐng)博物館大使的人士，故選D。B“No,”MamaLilsaiditplainandsimple.“Iain’tneverheardofnogirlstobedoingthat.Bebe,youneedtobegettingyourselfarealsummerjob,somethingcivilized.”I’dbeenlivingwithMamaLilsinceIwassix,whenmyownmamaanddaddywerekilledinanapartmentbuildingfire.LillianJohnswasmymom’smother.EverybodyonourstreetcalledherMamaLilandthatwaswhatIcalledhertoo.IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.ForweeksI’dbeenaskingMamaLiltoletmejointheyouthrenovation(修繕)team.ItwasagroupofkidswhohadbeenchosenbycityofficialstoworkwithengineerstohelprepairtheBrooklynBridge.Theprojectwouldlastthesummerandpaygoodmoney.Itwouldhelpmegettocollege,whereIwantedtostudyengineering.ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.Insomerespects,MamaLilwasright.Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.“Letmego,MamaLil,”Ibeggedsoftly.MamaLilsatasstillasastatue.“MamaLil,”Isaidcarefully,“ifyoudon’tsignthebridgeprojectpermissionform,Iwillsignitmyself.Nobodywillknowthedifference.”Thenextmorning,MamaLil’seyeslookedred-tired.“I’mgoingtothebridge,”Isaidfirmly.“Iknow,Bebe,”shesaid.Fromherhousedresspocket,shetookoutapenandsignedtheform.“Bebe,thatbridgeisluckytohaveyou,”shesaid.IhuggedMamaLilgoodandhard,smilingbig,rightather.…Ahead,inthedistance,stoodtheBrooklynBridge.Thiswasthebestspottoseethebridge.I’dcometothiscornerandstudiedthebridgeamilliontimes.Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.IhaddrawnBelleinthehigh-noonlight,atsunset,onsnowydays,andonfoggytwilightmornings...Iwasproudofmydrawings,butwitheachpagetheyshowedasadtruthaboutBelle:Sheneededrepair.Thatbridgerenovationprojectneededme;andIneededit,inmorewaysthanIcouldcount.24.MamaLilrefusedtosignthepermissionformmainlybecause______.A.shehadbecomestubborninheroldageB.shewouldn’tallowBebetohaveasummerjobC.shethoughtthebridgeprojectwastoodangerousD.shedidn’tsupportBebe’sdesiretobeanengineer25.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Bebelostherparentsinthebridgeproject.B.Bebelikedtodrawthebridgeonwintermornings.C.BebeandMamaLiloftengotintoargumentswitheachother.D.BebecalledhergrandmaMamaLilbecauseshewashermom’smother.26.Bymentioningthename“BrooklynBelle”,theauthorintendstohelpreaders______.A.recallthehistoryofthebridgeB.appreciatethebridge’sbeautyC.ignorethedamagetothebridgeD.imaginethebridge’sfuturelook27.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethethemeofthisstory?A.Dreamsknownocolororgender.B.Eldersalwaysmakethebestdecisions.C.Conflictusuallyresolvesitselfintheend.D.Pridewinsoutbutmakesthingsmoredifficult.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者想要參加修復(fù)布魯克林大橋的項(xiàng)目，作者的外婆不允許作者當(dāng)工程師，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)黑人女性工程師并不多，但是最后她的外婆終于同意了?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.”（但對(duì)MamaLil來(lái)說(shuō)，這次讓她最固執(zhí)的事情，恰恰是我想成為一名工程師的夢(mèng)想。）可知，MamaLil拒絕在這份同意書上簽字，主要是因?yàn)樗恢С諦ebe想成為一名工程師的愿望，故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.”（從記事起，我就一直與她作對(duì)。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們之間的矛盾越來(lái)越多，我們經(jīng)歷的沖突也越來(lái)越多。）可知，Bebe和MamaLil經(jīng)常吵架。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.”（每一次，我都被我稱之為BrooklynBelle的東西迷住了。）和倒數(shù)第二段的“Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.”（晚上，微弱的燈光灑在Belle身上。在這樣一個(gè)萬(wàn)里無(wú)云的夜晚，她的身影在整個(gè)城市里是絕無(wú)僅有的。飾有寶石的光。美麗。）可知，通過(guò)提到“BrooklynBelle”這個(gè)名字，作者想幫助讀者欣賞這座橋的美麗，故選B。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第四段的“Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.”（的確，當(dāng)時(shí)黑人女性工程師并不多。但我最想做的是修建橋梁。）可知，本文主要講的是作者雖然是黑人，但是卻想當(dāng)工程師修建橋梁，因此本文的主題是“夢(mèng)不分膚色和性別”，即Dreamsknownocolororgender，故選A。CWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetablesandthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.Andtheteam’snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults’andkids’salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant’ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant’ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren’s.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofmouthbacteria. B.Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C.ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables. D.Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29.Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A.SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B.EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables,C.Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D.Kidsproducingthemostsmellshate-broccoliparticularly.30.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B.Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult’stastepreference.C.Parents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatchD.Kids’salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.【答案】28.B29.B30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人們之所以在吃西蘭花和花菜時(shí)覺(jué)得難吃是因?yàn)榭谇煌僖褐械囊环N特定的酶。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymesinsalivamightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.(當(dāng)吃到花椰菜或西蘭花時(shí)，一些孩子會(huì)不耐煩地走開。不要責(zé)怪他們——一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能會(huì)讓這些蔬菜對(duì)一些孩子來(lái)說(shuō)味道糟糕)”及第二段“Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.(這些酶被稱為半胱氨酸裂合酶，是由口腔中的細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的)”可知，文章第一、二段解釋了花菜的味道難吃的原因。故選B。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“TheseenzymesbreakdownacompoundcalledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules.Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.(這些酶在這些蔬菜中分解成一種叫做S-甲基-l-半胱氨酸亞砜（SMCSO）的化合物，這個(gè)分解過(guò)程將化合物轉(zhuǎn)化為尖銳的氣味分子。先前對(duì)成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂合酶的活性水平?jīng)Q定了SMCSO的分解程度。這反過(guò)來(lái)又影響了這些蔬菜對(duì)成年人的味道)”可知，之前的研究表明，酶決定了芥屬植物在嘴里的味道。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.(這表明，成年人開始耐受芥屬植物蔬菜的味道。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與過(guò)去關(guān)于我們的口味如何隨時(shí)間變化的研究一致：我們可以通過(guò)多吃來(lái)克服對(duì)某種食物的厭惡)”可知，通過(guò)不斷的接觸，我們可能會(huì)接受某些不太喜歡的食物。故選A。DConsiderthesefacts:ThetennischampionWilliamssistersareagenerationapart,accordingtothePewResearchCenter.Venus,bornin1980,islabelled“GenX”;Serena,bornin1981,isa“millennial”.Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.Generationlabels,althoughwidelyadoptedbythepublic,havenobasisinsocialreality.Infact,inonerecentsurvey,mostpeopledidnotidentifythecorrectgenerationforthemselves,evenwhentheywereshownalistofoptions.Thisisnotsurprisingsincethelabelsareforcedbysurveyresearchers,journalistsormarketingfirmsbeforetheidentitiestheyaresupposedtodescribeevenexist.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhichgrouptheyidentifywithandwhy,theyjustdeclarethelabelsandstartmakingpronouncementsaboutthem.That’snothowsocialidentityworks.Thepracticeofnaming“generations”basedonbirthyeargoesbackatleasttothesupposed“l(fā)ost-generation”ofthelate19thcentury.Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextnamethatsticks,ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.Thesupposedboundariesbetweengenerationsarenomoremeaningfulthanthenamesthey’vebeengiven.Thereisnoresearchidentifyingtheappropriateboundariesbetweengenerations,andthereisnostatisticalbasisforrequiringthesweepingcharactertraits(特征)thatarebelievedtodefinethem.Inonearticleyoumightreadthatmillennialsare“l(fā)iberallions”,“downwardlymobile”,and“distrustful”;eventhoughtheyalso“getalongwellwiththeirparents,respecttheireldersandworkwellwithcolleagues”.Ridiculous,clearly.Butwhat’stheharm?Aren’ttheselabelsjustabitoffunforwriters?Amethodtoattractreadersandawayofcommunicatinggenerationalchange,whichnoonewoulddenyisarealphenomenon?We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.Worsethanirrelevant,suchbaselesslabelsdrivepeopletowardstereotypingandthoughtlesscharacterjudgment.Measuringanddescribingsocialchangeisessential,anditcanbeusefultoanalyzethehistoricalperiodinwhichpeoplewerebornandraised,butdrawingrandomlinesbetweenbirthyearsandassigningnamestothemdoesn’thelp.Todaytherearelotsofgoodalternativestolabelgenerations.Wecansimplydescribepeoplebythedecadeinwhichtheywerebornanddefinegenerationalgroupsspecificallyrelatedtoaparticularissue—suchas2020schoolkids.Withthearrivalof“GenerationZ”,therehasneverbeenabettertimetogetoffthistrain.31.WhatdothefactslistedinParagraph1imply?A.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutgenerationlabels.B.Peoplewiththesamegenerationlabelmaynotbeofsimilarage.C.Generationalchangecanbemeasuredbygenerationlabels.D.Generationlabelsarewidelyadoptedbycelebrities.32.Theunderlinedword“sticks”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.isunderstood B.isanalyzed C.isdescribed D.isaccepted33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.thegenerationlabelisaharmlessdevicewritersusetoreflectrealityB.generationboundariesaremoremeaningfulthangenerationlabelsC.assigningcharactertraitstoacertaingenerationismisguidedD.journalistsshouldfindalternativewaystojudgecharacter34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Generationlabels:It’shightimetoretirethemB.Generationlabels:TheongoingdebatewillneverendC.Generationlabels:Whatdotheysayaboutwhoweare?D.Generationlabels:Expandorbridgegenerationaldifferences?【答案】31B32.D33.C34.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了代際標(biāo)簽的制定，說(shuō)明代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.”（同時(shí)，唐納德·特朗普和米歇爾·奧巴馬都屬于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他們都屬于“嬰兒潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代標(biāo)簽的人可能年齡不同。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextname”（但是，隨著這一傳統(tǒng)滑向一場(chǎng)無(wú)休止的要成為第一個(gè)提出下一個(gè)名字的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，）以及“ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.”（社會(huì)科學(xué)和公眾理解的回報(bào)率逐漸下降。）可知，句中thenextname指的是為下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一個(gè)名字，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“接受”，與isaccepted同義。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.”（在你將這些不同性格推入代際刻板印象之前，讓我在這里阻止你：不要這樣做。）以及第六段“We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.”（在學(xué)術(shù)社會(huì)科學(xué)中，我們研究和教授社會(huì)變革，但我們不研究和教授這些標(biāo)簽，因?yàn)樗鼈兏静皇钦鎸?shí)的。在社會(huì)科學(xué)中，現(xiàn)實(shí)仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意將不同的性格推入代際刻板印象，認(rèn)為代際標(biāo)簽是不真實(shí)的，可能同意將性格特征分配給某一代是錯(cuò)誤的。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要說(shuō)明了代際標(biāo)簽的制定以及一些代際標(biāo)簽制定的發(fā)展，說(shuō)明了代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇，所以“時(shí)代標(biāo)