國際市場營銷學 （原書第18版）測試題答案 Chapter 10 – Europe,Africa,and the Middle East

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Chapter10Europe,Africa,andtheMiddleEast

1)Multinationalmarketregionsarethosegroupsofcountriesthatseekmutualeconomicbenefitfromreducinginterregionaltradeandtariffbarriers.

2)AnimportantobjectiveofthemembercountriesoftheUnitedNationsisbringingaboutmutualeconomicdevelopment.

3)TheWTOprimarypurposeismakingtrademoreprofitableforemergingeconomies.

4)Nationswithcomplementaryeconomicbasesaremostlikelytoencounterfrictionsinthedevelopmentandoperationofacommonmarketunit.

5)TheimportanceofpoliticalunitytofullyachieveallthebenefitsofeconomicintegrationdroveEuropeancountriestoformtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).

6)Themostbasiclevelofeconomicintegrationandcooperationisthegeographicallocalfederation(GLF).

7)Atthemostgenerallevel,theWTOrepresentsthemostimportantandcomprehensivetradeagreementinhistory.

8)Afreetradearea(FTA)providesitsmemberswithamassmarketwithoutbarrierstoimpedetheflowofgoodsandservices.

9)Acustomsunionisthemostfullyintegratedformofregionalcooperation.

10)TheblueprintfortheEuropeanUnionbeganwiththeTreatyofRomein1957.

11)Acommonwealthofnationsisanorganizationprovidingforthestrongestpossibleeconomicintegrationrelationship.

12)TheEuropeanUnionwascreatedwhenthe12nationsoftheEuropeanCommunityratifiedtheMaastrichtTreaty.

13)TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS)wasformedbyBritainbecauseitdidnotwanttojointheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC).

14)Historically,standardshavebeenusedtoeffectivelyincreasemarketaccess,suchasthesaleofGermanbeerinItaly.

15)Inlinewithitsgoalofenlargement,tennewcountriesjoinedtheEuropeanUnionin2004followedbyBulgariaandRomaniain2007.

16)TheCouncilofMinistersoftheEuropeanUnioncanenactintolawallproposalsinvolvingchangesintaxratesonproductsandservicesbymajorityvote.

17)ThedecisionsoftheEuropeanCourtofJusticearenotfinal,butcanbeappealedinnationalcourts.

18)IntheAmsterdamTreaty,theEuropeanUnionagreedtoaccommodatethechangesbroughtaboutbythemonetaryunionandtheadmissionofnewmembers.

19)AllthreeBalticstatesstartedoffwiththesamelegacyofefficientindustryandAmerican-stylecapitalisteconomies.

20)EuropeandAsiahaveatradegroupthathasemergedandpersistedsincethedissolutionoftheSovietUnioncalledtheCommonwealthofIndependentStates.

21)TheCommonwealthofIndependentStatesisalooseeconomicandpoliticalalliancewithopenbordersbutnocentralgovernment.

22)ThefirstSovietrepublicstodeclareindependenceweretheBalticstates.

23)EconomicgrowthamongAfricancountrieshasbeenonthedownswingforthepastseveralyears.

24)TheSouthernAfricanDevelopmentCommunityisthemostadvancedandviableofAfrica'sregionalorganizations.

25)Iran,Pakistan,andTurkey,formerlytheRegionalCooperationforDevelopment(RCD),haverenamedtheirregionalgrouptheEconomicCooperationOrganization(ECO).

26)TheArabstatesonthePersianGulf,Egypt,andMoroccoworkedoutanagreementonanArabFreeTradeArea,sometimescalledtheGreaterArabFreeTradeArea(GAFTA).

27)Theinitialaimofamultinationalmarketistoprotectbusinessesthatoperatewithinitsborders.

28)Withtheadoptionoftheeuro,pricedifferentialsaremucheasiertospot,andEUconsumerscansearchforthebestbargainsinbrand-nameproductsmoreeasily.

29)Groupsofcountriesthatseekmutualeconomicbenefitfromreducinginterregionaltradeandtariffbarriersarecalled

A)multilateraleconomicassociations.

B)cartels.

C)multinationalmarketregions.

D)tradeassociations.

E)politicalandculturalassociations.

30)Multinationalmarketgroupsform

A)alargeorganizationthatpromotesharmonybymutualagreementtoacommonpeacetreaty.

B)largemarketsthatprovidepotentiallysignificantopportunitiesforinternationalbusiness.

C)aconglomeratethatseekstoundertakeforeigntradingventuresasonecompany.

D)anonprofitentitythatworkstogethertoaidthedevelopmentofunderdevelopedcountries.

E)regionaltradingblocswithouttraderestrictionsinternallyandbordersrestrictedfromoutsiders.

31)ItwasnotuntilthissinglemarketwasestablishedthattheUnitedStates,Japan,andothercountriesgaveseriousthoughttocreatingotheralliances.Whatisbeingreferredtohere?

A)theEuropeanCommission

B)theEuropeanEconomicCommunity

C)theOrganizationforSecurityandCo-operationinEurope

D)theAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation

E)theEuropeanCommunity

32)TheWorldTradeOrganizationiswhollydedicatedto

A)expandingcapitalism.

B)eliminatinglanguagebarriersintrade.

C)havingfreeandopennationalborders.

D)enforcinginternationalanti-briberylaws.

E)improvingtheefficiencyoftradeamongnations.

33)Everytypeofeconomicunionsharesthedevelopmentandenlargementofmarketopportunitiesasabasicorientation.Whatbestdescribestheprimarywaymarketopportunitiesareenlargedbyeconomicunions?

A)preferentialtarifftreatmentforparticipatingmembers

B)useofembargostoeliminaterivalcompetition

C)formulationofcartels

D)questforeconomicdominancethroughboycottsofrivals

E)movementtowardacommonlanguageasameanstoovercomingeconomichurdles

34)Nationswithcomplementaryeconomicbasesareleastlikelyto

A)developadistinctivemonetarysystem.

B)allowindividualdifferencestobeoutweighedbythetotalbenefitofeconomicintegration.

C)experienceinternaleconomicdevelopment.

D)achieveenlargementofmarketopportunitiesthroughpreferentialtarifftreatment.

E)encounterfrictionsinthedevelopmentandoperationofacommonmarketunit.

35)Whatisarequisiteforthesurvivalofanyeconomicunion?

A)avoidingpotentiallysignificantopportunitiesforinternationalbusiness

B)havingagreementsandmechanismsinplaceinordertosettleeconomicdisputes

C)includingintotheunioncountrieswithdiverseeconomies,distinctivemonetarysystems,developedagriculturalbases,anddifferentnaturalresources

D)establishingofacomprehensiveagricultureandeconomicpolicy

E)ensuringbiasedtreatmentofgoodsproducedwithintheunion

36)Whatisabasicrequisiteforthedevelopmentofasupranationalmarketarrangement?

A)politicalamenabilityamongcountries

B)businessstrategysharing

C)adoptionofcommonculturalpractices

D)protectionofthemarketbyexercisingtariffsandboycotts

E)adesiretomaintainstatesovereignty

37)Withrespecttothepoliticalfactorsthataffectsupranationalmarkets,________isoneofthemostcherishedpossessionsofanynation.

A)atwo-partysystem

B)athree-partysystem

C)statefederalism

D)statesovereignty

E)astrongmiddleclass

38)WhatisoneofthemultilateralfreetradeagreementssignedbytheUnitedStates?

A)CETA

B)NAFTA

C)NATO

D)MERCOSUR

E)LAFTA

39)AsTimothyexaminesmarketsthatmightmatchhiscompany'sinvestmentrequirements,heisparticularlyinterestedinthefactthattheEuropeanCommunityhasanextensivetransportationnetwork.Thisnetworkseemstodrawallthemembernationsclosertogetherphysically.WhatcriticalfactorforensuringaneffectiveeconomicunionisTimothymostlikelyexaminingwhenreviewingtransportationnetworks?

A)culturalfactors

B)tradefactors

C)politicalfactors

D)geographicproximity

E)economicfactors

40)Similarityofculturescanmakeorbreakaneconomicunion.AlthoughthereisgreatculturaldiversityintheEuropeanUnion,keymembersshare________andarecommonlyawareofbeingEuropean.

A)acommonlanguage

B)along-establishedChristianheritage

C)adislikeforforeigners

D)astrongaffiliationtomonarchyandfeudalism

E)ademocraticbackgroundandheritage

41)OneofthefirstfactorsthatgavetheEuropeanUnionanedgeoverothersintheprocessofbecomingacommonmarketwasa

A)similarityinagricultureandmonetarypolicies.

B)similarityinpoliticalsystems.

C)similarityinlanguages.

D)well-developedtransportationnetwork.

E)commonaffiliationtowarddemocracy.

42)Atthemostgenerallevel,________representsthemostimportantandcomprehensivetradeagreementinhistory.

A)NAFTA

B)theAmsterdamTreaty

C)MERCOSUR

D)theWTO

E)ASEAN

43)Themostbasiceconomicintegrationandcooperation,inwhichgovernmentsagreetoparticipatejointlytodevelopbasicindustriesbeneficialtoeacheconomy,isthe

A)politicalunion.

B)commonmarket.

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment(RCD).

D)customsunion.

E)freetradearea(FTA).

44)A________isanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatecustomsdutiesandnontarifftradebarriersamongpartnercountrieswhilemembersmaintainindividualtariffschedulesforexternalcountries.

A)restrictedtradearea

B)noncooperationagreement

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment

D)tariffpact

E)freetradearea

45)Afreetradearea(FTA)providesitsmemberswith

A)completepoliticalintegration.

B)amassmarketwithouttradebarriersamongpartnercountries.

C)aregionalcooperationforsocialdevelopment.

D)acommonmarketthateliminatesallexternaltariffs.

E)amarketthatoffsetshighernontradebarrierswithlowerexternaltariff.

46)A________hasreducedoreliminatedinternaltariffsandaddsacommonexternaltariffonproductsimportedfromcountriesoutsidethegroup.

A)preferentialtradearea

B)currencyunion

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment

D)customsunion

E)freetradearea

47)A________isanintermediatestepinthetransitionfromafreetradeareatoacommonmarket.

A)politicalunion

B)currencyunion

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment(RCD)

D)customsunion

E)preferentialtradearea

48)Whatwasacustomsunionbeforebecomingacommonmarket?

A)NAFTA

B)DR-CAFTA

C)Israel-MexicoFreeTradeAgreement

D)theEuropeanUnion

E)SouthAsianFreeTradeArea

49)A________agreementeliminatesalltariffsandotherrestrictionsoninternaltrade,adoptsasetofcommonexternaltariffs,andremovesallrestrictionsonthefreeflowofcapitalandlaboramongmembernations.

A)preferentialtradeagreement

B)commonmarket

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment

D)customsunion

E)freetradearea

50)Whichlevelofeconomicintegrationhasnorestrictionsoninternaltradeandfreeflowofcapitalamongmembernationsandlacksonlypoliticalunitytobecomeapoliticalunion?

A)commonmarket

B)freetradearea

C)regionalcooperationgroup

D)customsunion

E)preferentialtradeagreement

51)TheTreatyof________establishedtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)in1957andcalledforcommonexternaltariffsandthegradualeliminationofintramarkettariffs,quotas,andothertradebarriers.

A)Kent

B)Paris

C)Rome

D)Cannes

E)Maastricht

52)Themostfullyintegratedformofregionalcooperationisa

A)politicalunion.

B)commonmarket.

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment(RCD).

D)customsunion.

E)freetradearea(FTA).

53)A________involvescompletepoliticalandeconomicintegration,eithervoluntaryorenforced.

A)politicalunion

B)commonmarket

C)regionalcooperationfordevelopment(RCD)

D)customsunion

E)freetradearea(FTA)

54)Thoughnowdisbanded,whatagreementwasconsideredtobethemostnotableenforcedpoliticalunionofthelast40years?

A)NATO

B)NAFTA

C)MERCOSUR

D)COMECON

E)LAFTA

55)BritainandcountriesthatwereformerlypartoftheBritishEmpireareanexampleofa________ofnations.

A)autarchy

B)monocracy

C)commonwealth

D)proprietarycolony

E)tradeassociation

56)The________TreatycreatedtheEuropeanUnionwith12nations.

A)Kent

B)Paris

C)Rome

D)Cannes

E)Maastricht

57)WhatistrueoftheMaastrichtTreaty?

A)ItservesasadeterrentforthepoliticalunificationoftheEuropeancountries.

B)ItrestrictsmovementofgoodsbetweentheUnitedKingdomandFrance.

C)ItallowsforthefreemovementofpersonsbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada.

D)ItallowsforthefreemovementofgoodsthroughoutthememberstatesoftheEuropeanUnion.

E)ItisthefirstEuropeantreatywhosetermshavebeenuniversallyaccepted.

58)Whattypeofpoliticalunionismostlybasedoneconomichistoryandasenseoftradition?

A)conglomerate

B)community

C)commonwealth

D)proprietarycolony

E)tradeassociation

59)Whichtreatyallowsforthefreemovementofgoods,persons,services,andcapitalthroughoutthememberstatesoftheEuropeancommunity?

A)RomeTreaty

B)BerlinTreaty

C)MaastrichtTreaty

D)BarcelonaTreaty

E)AthensTreaty

60)Ofallthemultinationalmarketgroups,nonehasbeenmoresecureinitscooperationormoreimportanteconomicallythanthe

A)NewlyIndependentStates.

B)EconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates.

C)CommonwealthofIndependentStates.

D)EuropeanUnion.

E)Trans-PacificUnion.

61)WhichinstitutionhastheresponsibilitytodebateanddecidewhichproposalsoftheSingleEuropeanActtoacceptasbindingonEuropeanUnionmembers?

A)theEuropeanCommission

B)theEuropeanParliament

C)theCouncilofMinisters

D)theEuropeanCourtofJustice

E)theEuropeanCommitteeoftheRegions

62)WhichEuropeanUnioninstitutionoriginallyhadonlyaconsultativerolebutcannowamendandadoptUnionlegislation?

A)theEuropeanParliament

B)theCouncilofMinisters

C)theCourtofJustice

D)theEuropeanCommission

E)theEuropeanCentralBank

63)TheinstitutionsoftheEuropeanUnionforma(n)________pattern.

A)bilateral

B)unitary

C)federal

D)provincial

E)global

64)TheEuropeanCommission,theCouncilofMinisters,theEuropeanParliament,andtheCourtofJusticeareinstitutionsofthe

A)COMECON.

B)EuropeanFreeTradeArea.

C)EuropeanEconomicArea.

D)EuropeanUnion.

E)Trans-PacificUnion.

65)TheEuropean________initiatespolicyandsupervisesitsobservancebymemberstates,anditproposesandsupervisesexecutionoflawsandpolicies.

A)Parliament

B)CommitteeoftheRegions

C)Commission

D)CourtofAuditors

E)CourtofJustice

66)The________isthedecision-makingbodyoftheEuropeanUnionthatcanenactintolawallproposalsbymajorityvoteexceptforchangesintaxratesonproductsandservices,whichrequireunanimousvote.

A)UnitedNations

B)WorldTradeOrganization

C)EuropeanCommission

D)CommonwealthofIndependentStates

E)CouncilofMinisters

67)ThevariouslegalinstrumentsusedbytheEuropeanUnion

A)issueregulationsthatarebindingagainstthememberstatesifthenationalcourtsofthememberstatesagreetotheregulations.

B)mustconferwiththeUnitedNationsbeforeissuingdirectivesagainstmemberstates.

C)directalldisputesinvolvingtheEuropeanUnionlawtotheInternationalCourtofJustice.

D)havetheauthoritytoissueregulationsthatbindthememberstatesdirectly.

E)requiretheapprovalofindividualnationstoaddressbindingdecisionsagainstanenterpriseofthatnation.

68)WhichEUinstitutiondraftedtheMaastrichtTreatythatwaspresentedtotheEuropeanUnionmemberstatesforratification?

A)theUnitedNations

B)theWorldTradeOrganization

C)theEuropeanCommission

D)theCommonwealthDelineation

E)theCouncilofMinisters

69)TheparametersofthecreationofacommoncurrencyfortheEuropeanUnionwereestablishedby

A)theEconomicandMonetaryUnionprovisionoftheMaastrichtTreaty.

B)theSingleCurrencyprovisionoftheTreatyofRome.

C)theEnhancedCooperationprovisionoftheTreatyofUtrecht.

D)theEconomicUnionprovisionoftheTreatyofVienna.

E)theFreeTradeprovisionoftheAnglo-IrishTreaty.

70)WhichEUinstitutionisresponsibleforchallenginganymeasuresincompatiblewiththeTreatyofRomeandforpassingjudgment,attherequestofanationalcourt,ontheinterpretationorvalidityofpointsofEuropeanUnionLaw?

A)theInternationalCourtofJustice

B)theEuropeanCourtofJustice

C)theInternationalCriminalCourt

D)theEuropeanCommonJudicialCouncil

E)theEuropeanSecurityCouncil

71)Whichcountryrejectedtheeuro,causingadebateabouttheEU'sfuture?

A)Austria

B)Greece

C)Finland

D)Denmark

E)Spain

72)WhichstatementistrueabouttheEuropeanParliament?

A)IthasextensivebudgetarypowersthatallowittobeinvolvedinmajorEUexpenditures.

B)Itservesasapurelyconsultativebody.

C)ItisresponsiblefordebatinganddecidingwhichproposalsoftheSingleEuropeanActtoacceptasbindingonEUmembers.

D)Itinitiatespolicyandsupervisesitsobservancebymemberstates.

E)ItisresponsibleforchallenginganymeasuresincompatiblewiththeTreatyofRome.

73)TheEconomicandMonetaryUnionprovisionoftheMaastrichtTreatyestablishedtheparametersforthecreationofthe

A)dollar.

B)pound.

C)rupee.

D)ruble.

E)euro.

74)The________increasestheauthorityoftheinstitutionsoftheEuropeanUnionandisdesignedtoaccommodatethechangesbroughtaboutbythemonetaryunionandtheadmissionofnewmembers.

A)TreatyofRome

B)SingleEuropeanAct

C)MaastrichtTreaty

D)ExpansionAct

E)AmsterdamTreaty

75)Whatlong-termchallengeistheEuropeanUnionfacing?

A)eliminatingalltariffsoninternaltradeamongstmembernations

B)establishingacommoncurrencyfortheUnion

C)includingAsiaintotheUnion

D)limitingthepoliticalaspectsoftheUnion

E)findingwaystocontracttheUnion

76)WiththeexpansionoftheEuropeanUnion,existingmembersfear

A)retaliationbytheSovietUnionagainstthem.

B)afloodofcheaplaborintotheircountries.

C)thatOPECwillcutoffsuppliestocountriessupportingtheexpansionoftheEuropeanUnion.

D)freemovementofcapitalamongstthemembernations.

E)thattheywouldneedtoclosethebordersbetweenmembernations.

77)Oneofthelong-termchallengesfacingtheEuropeanUnioninthenext50yearsis

A)decidingaboutfurtherenlargement.

B)creationofacommoncurrency.

C)reducingthefreeflowofcapitalbetweenitsmembernations.

D)decidingonhowtocontroltheindividualisticEuropeanpopulation.

E)establishingacourtthatwouldsettlethedisputesamongmembernations.

78)WhatistrueoftheEuropeanCourtofJustice?

A)Itinitiatespolicyandsupervisesitsobservancebymemberstates.

B)ItsdecisionsrequireapprovalbythetopthreenationsoftheEuropeanUnion.

C)Itsdecisionsarefinalandcannotbeappealedinnationalcourts.

D)ItprimarilyhasaconsultativeroleininterpretingthenuancesoftheEUlaw.

E)ItcanamendandadoptUnionlegislation.

79)EasternEuropeandtheBalticstates,satellitenationsoftheformerSovietUnion,havemovedsteadilytowardadoptingaspectsof

A)capitalism.

B)autocracy.

C)Marxist–socialism.

D)despotism.

E)communism.

80)EasternEuropeandtheBalticstates,satellitenationsoftheformerSovietUnion,havemovedsteadilytowardestablishingpostcommunistmarketreforms.Asaresult,

A)theregionisagainstestablishingfreemarkets.

B)newbusinessopportunitiesareemerginginthisregion.

C)alloftheeasternEuropeancountriescanbeviewedasoneentity.

D)allofthesecountrieshavethesamelevelofculturalassimilation.

E)allofthesecountrieshavehadthesamesuccessineconomicreformandgrowth.

81)TheCzechRepublic,Hungary,theSlovakRepublic,andPolandhavebecomemembersofthe

A)UNDP.

B)OECD.

C)ASEAN.

D)LAIA.

E)APEC.

82)WhyisEstonia'seconomicgrowthsinceindependencefromtheSovietUnionoutpacingtheotherBalticnations?

A)Ittookuptheruble.

B)Itnationalizedallcompaniesandland.

C)Thestatehelpedallitsstrugglingbanks.

D)ItadoptedthefreesttradingregimeofthethreeBalticnations.

E)ItjoinedtheEuropeanUnionimmediatelyafteritsindependencein1992.

83)MosteasternEuropeancountriesareprivatizingstate-ownedenterprises,establishingfreemarketpricingsystems,and

A)introducingautarchictradepolicies.

B)increasingtradebarriers.

C)wrestlingwithinflation.

D)makingimportcontrolsstringent.

E)switchingtoasocialisticeconomy.

84)OnereasonYugoslaviahasbeenfacinginternalstrifeisdueto

A)reunificationwithSlovenia.

B)EuropeanParliamentsanctions.

C)adoptionofMarxist–socialistpolicies.

D)riseofautocracy.

E)ethnicdivisions.

85)ThefirstSovietrepublicstodeclareindependencefromtheSovietUnionwere

A)theRussianSFSR.

B)theUkrainianSSR.

C)theBalticstates.

D)theFalklandIslands.

E)theNewlyIndependentStates.

86)WhichisthetradegroupthatispartofEuropeandAsia,hasemergedandpersistedsincethedissolutionoftheSovietUnion,andiscomposedofalltherepublicsexcepttheBalticstates?

A)theEuropeanUnionEast

B)theCommonwealthofIndependentStates

C)theEasternBlocEconomicArea

D)theEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation

E)theEuro-SovietUnion

87)WhatisaprovisionofthecommonwealthagreementsignedbytheCommonwealthofIndependentStates?

A)torejectthepowersoftheoldregimes

B)tokeeptherublebutallownewcurrencies

C)tocreatedisjointedcontrolofnuclearweapons

D)toinvalidateallSovietforeigntreatiesanddebtobligations

E)toavoidcreatingaEuropeanUnion–stylefreetradeassociation

88)TheCommonwealthofIndependentStatesis

A)apoliticalalliancewithacentralgovernment.

B)aneconomicandpoliticalalliancewithopenbordersbutnocentralgovernment.

C)aneconomicandpoliticalalliancewithclosedbordersandonecentralgovernment.

D)afederationofmanystates.

E)asupranationalorganizationsimilartotheoldEuropeancommunity.

89)WhentheSovietUniondissolved,the________emergedthathad12membersthatagreedtoalooseeconomicandpoliticalalliancewithopenbordersbutnocentralgovernment.

A)EuropeanTradePact

B)CommonwealthofIndependentStates

C)EurasianAlliance

D)RussianConfederation

E)Post-SovietBloc

90)ECOWAS,SADC,andEACareactiveregionalcooperativegroupsin

A)NorthAmerica.

B)Australia.

C)Africa.

D)Europe.

E)Asia.

91)WhathashamperedtheconferencesheldbytheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforAfricafrombringingabouteconomicintegration?

A)governmentalinexperience

B)depletionofnaturalresources

C)excessiveinfluxofproducts

D)lackofbeneficialfunds

E)excessofcheaplabor

92)WhatmakestheSouthAfricanmarketanimportantbaseforservingnearbyAfricanmarketsthataretoosmalltobeconsideredindividually?

A)theriseofcommunisminSouthAfrica

B)theSouthAfricanmarket'sdevelopedinfrastructure

C)theeconomicembargoimposedbytheUnitedNations

D)theexistenceofinward-lookingtradeandinvestmentpolicies

E)theSouthAfricangovernment'snationalizationinitiative

93)SouthAfricaismostlikelytoexperiencerapideconomicgrowthinasfewas10yearsowingto

A)theriseofcommunism.

B)itsinductionintotheASEAN.

C)itsindu