2023屆廣東省佛山市高三上學(xué)期普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（一）英語(yǔ)試題+含解析

試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)2022～2023學(xué)年佛山市普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(一)英語(yǔ)2022.12本試卷共8頁(yè)滿分120分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。因不考聽力,試卷從第二部分的“閱讀”開始,試題序號(hào)從“21”開始。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATotalSolarEclipse2023AustraliaOneofnature’smostremarkableevents-atotalsolareclipse(日蝕)－willtakeplaceonthewesternedgeofAustraliaonApril20th,2023andwehavechosentheperfectwayforyoutoenjoythisevent:onacruise(航游)atsea.TherehavebeenonlyfivetotalsolareclipsesinAustraliaoverthepastcenturyandthisisthefirsthybrideclipseinmorethan1000years.Unlikeothercruisesforthisevent,ourshasthewell-knownastronomerAbigailBealltoaccompanyyou.Youwillhavethebestpossibleviewoftheeventaswellasenjoyinglecturesandstargazingonlandandatsea.Abigailwillbeonhandthroughout,givinglecturesonthehistoryandscienceofeclipses,theblackholeatthecentreofthegalaxy-alongwithprovidingmanyopportunitiesforguidedstargazing.Plus,therewillbeadditionaltalksfromtheAstronomicalSocietyofAustralia.Clickherefordetailedarrangementsofthetour.SingleoccupancyPerguestbasedontwopeoplesharingInteriorcabin￡2,429￡1,699Oceanviewcabin￡3,229￡2,199Ifyouwishtoaddathirdadultorchildtoyourroom,pleaseaskforaquote.Alongsidethecruise,youcanalsoexploresomeofAustralia’sbestscientificandnaturalphenomenawithaseriesoftailoredadd-ontourscoveringastronomyontheeastcoastandvisitstoUluru,Sydney,theGreatBarrierReefandmuchmore.Onthelastdayofthetour,wecansendyoubacktotheairportforyourreturnjourneyhome,oryoucanjoinoneofouradd-ontours.Clickhereforfulldetailsaboutadd-ontours.1．Whatmakesthecruisedifferentfromothers?A．Aspecialist’sguidance.B．Atalkwithastronomers.C．AchanceforstargazingD．Ameetingwithastronauts.2．HowmuchshouldacouplepayforatourinaOceanviewcabin?A．￡3,229. B．￡2,199. C．￡.6,458 D．￡4,398.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocelebrateahistoricevent.B．Toadvertiseaspecialcruise.C．Tointroduceatravelagency.D．Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.BDeveza’smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant(腎移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Mostorgantransplantscomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune(免疫的)systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.ShesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethego-aheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.4．WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?A．Carryingoutacasestudy.B．Callingforkidneydonations.C．Launchingamedicalexperiment.D．Tradinghalfherliverforakidney.5．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Patients’desperationtosurvive.B．Severalsourcesoforgandonation.C．Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D．Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.6．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A．Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B．Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C．Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.D．Itproducedadesirableoutcome.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MyLiver,YourKidneyB．Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC．OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatientsD．OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvancesCIt’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,themorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.But,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthatengagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrities.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpressureonthepersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebrities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic.“Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(觸發(fā))us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’reprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8．Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A．Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B．Friends’postsaffectusmorethancelebrities’.C．Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D．Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9．WhyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccordingtoSwami?A．Theyserveasrolemodels.B．Weknowthewaytheylive.,C．Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D．Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?A．Restricted.B．Related.C．Devoted.D．Exposed.11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledo?A．Findyourdreamandfightforit.B．Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C．Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D．Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.DGiventhatthedictionarydefinitionofcuriosityis“thedesiretoknowsomething”,itmaybeoflittlesurprisethatmuchresearchhasconcerneditsbenefitsforeducation.ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(掃描儀)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.Theeffectsofcuriosityonlaterrecallwerestriking.Whentheparticipantswerehighlycuriousaboutafact,theywere30%morelikelytorecallit.Andthisseemedtocorrespondtoheightenedactivityinareasofthemidbrainthatreleasedopamine(多巴胺).Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神經(jīng)的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.Interestingly,theresearchersfoundthatthedopaminehit,arisingfrominitialcuriosity,couldevenenhancethememoryofincidentalinformationthathadnodirectrelevancetotheprimaryquestion.Todemonstratethis,theyhadpresentedrandomfacesalongsidetheanswerstothequestionsand,anhourlater,checkedwhethertheparticipantsstillrecognizedthefaces.Theanalysesshowedthattheparticipantswerefarmorelikelytorememberthefaceifithadaccompaniedaquestionthathadawakenedtheircuriosity.Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.12．Whichaspectofcuriositydidthestudyfocuson?A．Itsscientificdefinition.B．Itsuniquecharacteristics.C．Itsinfluencesonmemory.D．Itsbenefitsforbrainhealth.13．Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingquestionstotheparticipantsfirst?A．Toassesstheirlearningability.B．Toawakentheirpassionforlearning.C．Tomeasuretheircuriosityaboutthequestions.D．Torefreshtheirmemoryofextinctwildanimals.14．WhatcanbelearnedaboutdopamineaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Itblocksmemory.B．Itfacilitateslearning.C．Itpromotesfriendship.D．Itcuresneuraldisorder.15．Whichmessageaboutlearningdoestheunexpectedfindingdeliver?A．Generateinterestinstudy.B．Locusonessentialinformation.C．Makelearningmaterialsrelated.D．Attachimportancetomemorization.第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CampingTips&TricksforaFunTripManypeopleidealizecampingtripsasbeingthiseasy,effortlessencounterwithdestinationsrichwithnaturallandscapesandnightsunderthestarstwinklingintheskyabove.____16____That’swhywe’vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!Planaccordingly,andthenplanagain.Whenyou’reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature’schallenges.____17____Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip.Forexample,considerpackingextrasupplierslikeblankets.Whilethatmightseemlikeahugeinconvenience,thebiggestandrealissueoccurswhenyouneedsomethingyoudon’thave.Knowwhatyouneed.____18____Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies.Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!Thatincludesadecenttentwithenoughroomforpeoplecampingwithyou,agoodsleepingbagappropriatefortheseason,andothersupplieslikefoodandwater.You’dbettercreateaconvenientchecklistthatlaysouteverythingthatyoushouldconsider.____19____Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations,andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!____20____Afirstaidkitisagreatstartingpoint,butit’scertainlynottheendofmaximizingyoursafetyefforts.Dependingonwhereyouplantocamp,you’llwanttograbtheseitemsthatcoveryouinmostemergencysituations:apocketknife,afirestarter,andasafetywhistle.Readytogocamping?Nowyouknowwhattoexpectandhowtoprepareforyournextcampingtrip,soyouactuallyhavefun—rainorshine!A．Alwayschooseasafecampsite.B．Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind.C．Weencourageyoutocreateasafetysupplykit.D．Campingdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive.E．Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain.F．Tomaximizeyourcomfort,alwaysbringappropriateclothesforcoldandrain.G．Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Growingup,myparentsneverforcedmeandmybrotheroutofourhouseinHounslow,butweweren’t____21____tolivethereforever.Myfamilyalwayshadaspecial____22____forme.Ourparentsencouragedustospendtimetogether:mealswereeatenasafamilyandTVviewingwas____23____.WhenIwenttouniversityat18,Iknewmymessystudentapartmentswere____24____-myrealhomewasbackinHounslowandIwas____25____thatIcouldreturnwheneverIwantedto.WhenIwas19,mymumpassedaway.Inthefollowingmonths,Iwouldcomeback____26____checkinginonmydadand____27____himtogoshoppingandstartcookingpropermeals.Threeyearslater,Iwas____28____andImovedback.AsIlookedforwork,Iwould____29____themealswereeatentogether._____30_____,twosadmenlivinginahousearelessofafamily.Mydadwantedmetogetonandlivemyliferatherthanstaytrappedinoursorrow.Eventually,in2018,Igota_____31_____.Itwastimeformetogain_____32_____,andIpackedupandleft.Nextyearwillbe10yearssincemymumdied.Ourfamilyhomeis_____33_____.Mymum’spictureshavebeenreplacedwithnewphotographs;herclothesandscentaregone.But,Iam_____34_____thatthingshavebecomedifferent.I’verealizedthatthehomemymumcreatedisn’tjusta(n)_____35_____-itissomethingsheinstilled(灌輸)inus.21．A．encouraged B．reminded C．a(chǎn)llowed D．persuaded22．A．plan B．pull C．request D．pressure23．A．guaranteed B．shared C．favored D．scheduled24．A．inconvenient B．disturbing C．ordinary D．temporary25．A．concerned B．convinced C．grateful D．hopeful26．A．secretly B．hesitantly C．regularly D．randomly27．A．urging B．instructing C．inviting D．forcing28．A．outoftouch B．outofwork C．indebt D．inpain29．A．pretend B．find C．believe D．ensure30．A．Unusually B．Unbelievably C．Unfortunately D．Unexpectedly31．A．gift B．job C．hobby D．vacation32．A．experience B．comfort C．confidence D．independence33．A．disappearing B．struggling C．enlarging D．changing34．A．shocked B．confused C．glad D．nervous35．A．place B．meal C．dream D．image第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InChongqing,amountainouscityinSouthwestChinafamousforhotpotoftenservedwithbeersorstrongtea,theparticularflavorofcoffeeisgaining____36____(popular)InDaijiaxiang,anoldcommunityinthecity,anewly-openedcoffeestreethasturnedeveryone’sheadsfor____37____(it)uniquedesignstyle.Byusingtheexistingfirstfloorsofseveraloldbuildingsasshopfronts,thenewstreethasbroughtmodernatmospheretotheagedblock____38____transformeditintoadesireddestinationamongsocialmediaenthusiasts____39____(seek)photoopportunitiesandscenicviews.WuLongquan,a30-year-oldshopowner,wasthefirstone____40____(run)acoffeeshophere.“Althoughthecommunitywasquiteold,itslocation,wonderfulriverviewandold-fashionedarchitecturalstyleallmadeit____41____(true)attractive,”Wusaid.Wuadmittedthatthisishisdreamcoffeeshop,____42____notonlyserveshigh-qualitycoffeebutisalsoanexpression____43____hispersonality.Hebelievesthateachgenerationhasitsownattitudeaboutcoffee.Inthepast,coffee____44____(consider)asonlyapromisingbusiness,butforhisgeneration,itispartoflifestylefirst,andabusinesssecond.Since2019,Wu____45____(open)fivecoffeeshopsandonebakerybusinessthatproducesfoodtogowithhiscoffee.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46．你校上周六組織高三學(xué)生參觀了新北機(jī)器人制造公司(XinbeiRobots)。請(qǐng)你寫一篇觀后感,給校英文報(bào)投稿,內(nèi)容包括：1.參觀過(guò)程：2.你的收獲和感想。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。AVisittoXinbeiRobots________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iranafterthetrain,shouting,“Heymister,can’tyouseeme?”Itwashopeless,asnoconductorisgoingtoslowdownfora60-year-oldmanwhogottothestationseveralminuteslate.Theyabsolutelydidn’tknowhowimportantthatday,thattrainridewastome!Iwasonmywaytoaninterviewforwhatcouldhavebeentheopportunityofalifetime.Ithrewbothmyhatandmyartcasedownindepression,andsatdownonthenearestchair,wiping(擦掉)thesweatfrommyfaceandbreathingheavily.Iwouldhavetowaitawholedayforthenexttrain,andbythenmyappointmentwiththegalleryownerwouldhavegivenuponme.Perhapsitwasforthebest.Itwas,afterall,thefirsttimein40yearsanyonehadshownsuchaninterestinmyart.Maybeifthegalleryownerhadseenallmypaintings,hewouldhavechangedhismindaboutofferingmespaceonhiswalls.Disappointmentfilledmysoul.ShouldIdialthegalleryandgetaninterviewonadifferentday?ButPierreGianniwastheownerofthemostwell-knowngalleryinNewYorkCity.Whywouldhegiveararesecondchancetoanelderlynobodywhenhehadthenewest,coolestyoungartiststochoosefrom?Cometothinkofit,perhapstheseinsecuritiesweretheveryreasonIhadneverbeenofferedashowbefore.Iwastooafraidtotry.Ifoundcountlessexcusesnottooffermyworkuptobeseenandperhapscriticized.ItoldmyselfitwouldhurttoomuchifIfailed,butthetruthwasthatIhadnevertried.Finally,Igatheredallmycouragetodialthegallery,onlytofindmyantiquecellphonehadbrokendown.ItwasattheverymomentthatIwasintotaldespairanddecidedtogohome.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。SuddenlyIfeltatouchonmyshoulder.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThenextmorningIgottothegalleryontime.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)1．A2．D3．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是為可以參加澳大利亞西部邊緣發(fā)生的日全食的海上巡航做廣告。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikeothercruisesforthisevent,ourshasthewell-knownastronomerAbigailBealltoaccompanyyou.(與其他游輪不同的是，我們有著名的天文學(xué)家阿比蓋爾·比爾陪同您。)”可知，專家的指導(dǎo)讓這個(gè)游輪與眾不同。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Oceanviewcabin后的“Perguestbasedontwopeoplesharing￡2,199(按兩人分?jǐn)偯课豢腿?199英鎊計(jì)算)”可知，夫婦兩人要2199乘以2=4398英鎊。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Oneofnature'smostremarkableevents-atotalsolareclipse(日蝕)－willtakeplaceonthewesternedgeofAustraliaonApril20th,2023andwehavechosentheperfectwayforyoutoenjoythisevent:onacruise(航游)atsea.(自然界最引人注目的事件之一——日全食——將于2023年4月20日在澳大利亞西部邊緣發(fā)生，我們?yōu)槟氵x擇了享受這一事件的完美方式:在海上巡航。)”可知，本文的目的是為一次特別巡游做廣告。故選B。4．D5．C6．D7．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽，并取得了成功。這一成功的案例具有積極的影響。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(Deveza提出了一個(gè)不同的計(jì)劃。2017年，她開始了世界上第一次活體捐贈(zèng)者之間的不同器官配對(duì)交換，用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟。)”可知，Deveza為了幫助媽媽移植合適的腎臟，用自己的一半肝臟作為交換。故選D項(xiàng)。5．主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀，結(jié)合第三段的關(guān)鍵句“…thereareneverenoughorgans.(但器官永遠(yuǎn)都不夠用)”，“peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends(腎衰竭患者越來(lái)越多地接受親友捐贈(zèng)的器官)”和“doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative(醫(yī)生可能會(huì)找到成對(duì)的潛在捐贈(zèng)者，他們各自可以將一個(gè)腎臟捐給對(duì)方的親屬)”可知，該段主要講述了器官移植的現(xiàn)狀。故選C項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.(研究小組希望這個(gè)開創(chuàng)性的案例能激勵(lì)更多的人考慮做同樣的事情。羅伯茨說(shuō)，涉及兩名捐贈(zèng)者的直接交換每年可增加多達(dá)30例活體肝臟移植——增加10%。)”可知，他們兩個(gè)的“器官互換”的成功可以對(duì)其他人產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)作用，從而使直接交換器官的案例增加。由此可推知，這產(chǎn)生了令人滿意的結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。7．主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀文章可知，文章第二段內(nèi)容“In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(2017年，她開始了世界上第一次活體捐贈(zèng)者之間的不同器官配對(duì)交換，用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟。)”為核心話題，即，文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽，并取得了成功，后文則以此為延申講述了其可能產(chǎn)生的積極影響。因此，選項(xiàng)A“MyLiver,YourKidney(我的肝，你的腎)”不僅貼合主旨，且作為標(biāo)題更具有吸引力。故選A項(xiàng)。8．B9．C10．A11．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究。新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友的帖子對(duì)人們的影響比名人的更大，讓人們更容易與朋友進(jìn)行比較。但是作者建議人們放下手機(jī)，心存感激，努力過(guò)自己的生活。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段講到“Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.(一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與看名人分享的內(nèi)容相比，參與朋友分享的社交媒體可能更具破壞性)”可知新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友的帖子對(duì)我們的影響比名人的更大，故選B。9．推理判斷題。文章第二段講到“VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.(AngliaRuskin大學(xué)社會(huì)心理學(xué)教授VirenSwami認(rèn)為，這部分是因?yàn)槲覀冎篮茈y獲得名人或影響力的生活，但當(dāng)我們將自己與朋友進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，感覺我們應(yīng)該或者可以像他們那樣生活)”可知根據(jù)Swam的說(shuō)法，我們更容易與朋友進(jìn)行比較是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罘绞礁菀滓姷玫剑蔬xC。10．詞義猜測(cè)題。文章劃線單詞下一句講到“Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(觸發(fā))us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.(我們的生活中都有一個(gè)領(lǐng)域觸發(fā)了我們。也許你已經(jīng)找了好幾個(gè)月的新工作，你在社交媒體上發(fā)現(xiàn)自己，羨慕你的學(xué)校朋友，他剛剛找到了他們夢(mèng)想中的角色。)”可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞所在句子的意思是：但這不僅僅局限于身體形象。所以第六段中帶下劃線的單詞可能的意思是“受限制的”，故選A。11．推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.(每個(gè)人都有自己的奮斗，生活對(duì)任何人來(lái)說(shuō)都不完美。所以，放下手機(jī)，下線，心存感激，努力過(guò)自己的生活。)”可知作者建議人們停止比較，做你自己，故選B。12．C13．C14．B15．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹好奇心可以幫助記憶和提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(掃描儀)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.(想想2014年加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項(xiàng)研究。研究人員首先要求每個(gè)參與者對(duì)一系列問題的答案進(jìn)行好奇心評(píng)估，比如“‘恐龍”這個(gè)詞到底是什么意思?”然后，參與者躺在核磁共振掃描儀中，同時(shí)提出同樣的問題，然后很快就會(huì)給出答案。一小時(shí)后，測(cè)試參與者對(duì)這些事實(shí)的記憶。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是好奇心對(duì)記憶力的影響。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions(研究人員首先要求每個(gè)參與者對(duì)一系列問題的答案進(jìn)行好奇心評(píng)估)”可知，首先向參與者提出問題的目的是要衡量他們對(duì)問題的好奇心。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神經(jīng)的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.(多巴胺通常與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)，但動(dòng)物研究表明，它也能促進(jìn)新的神經(jīng)連接的形成。似乎好奇的感覺有助于大腦準(zhǔn)備吸收新的重要信息，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致記憶更加穩(wěn)定。)”可推斷，多巴胺促進(jìn)新的神經(jīng)連接的形成，有助于大腦吸收新知識(shí)，導(dǎo)致記憶穩(wěn)定，因此推斷它可能有助于學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.(每當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D學(xué)習(xí)新的和復(fù)雜的東西時(shí)，這種額外的、意想不到的記憶增強(qiáng)可能會(huì)非常有用。畢竟，我們不太可能發(fā)現(xiàn)我們研究中的每一個(gè)元素都很有趣。但是，如果我們能對(duì)至少一些事實(shí)產(chǎn)生好奇心，我們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其余的材料也更容易粘住。)”可知，這個(gè)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，好奇心可以激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。故選A。16．G17．E18．D19．B20．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幾條露營(yíng)小技巧：做好相應(yīng)地計(jì)劃A，然后還需要B計(jì)劃以應(yīng)對(duì)變化的自然；按需準(zhǔn)備露營(yíng)物資；永遠(yuǎn)考慮安全，應(yīng)急安全包很重要。16．后文“That’swhywe’vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!(這就是為什么我們?yōu)槟鷾?zhǔn)備了最好的露營(yíng)小貼士！)”講述的是結(jié)果：準(zhǔn)備露營(yíng)小貼士。因此，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是講述這樣做的原因，呼應(yīng)“why”。選項(xiàng)G“Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality.(但對(duì)于初學(xué)露營(yíng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些期望很快就會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的混亂。)”解釋了原因，且在句意上與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前后銜接緊密。故選G項(xiàng)。17．前文“Whenyou’reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature’schallenges.(當(dāng)你身處偏僻之地時(shí)，你必須準(zhǔn)備好迎接大自然的挑戰(zhàn)。)”提到了“自然的挑戰(zhàn)”，后文“Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip.(因此，應(yīng)對(duì)意外天氣變化的計(jì)劃對(duì)于成功的露營(yíng)旅行至關(guān)重要。)”提到了“不可預(yù)料的天氣變化”，因此，設(shè)空句應(yīng)同樣涉及“天氣”話題，以與前后文銜接。選項(xiàng)E“Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain.(一個(gè)晴朗的3天預(yù)報(bào)很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥蝗坏拇笥辍?”符合題意，承上啟下。故選E項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)主旨句“Knowwhatyouneed.(知道你需要什么。)”可知，該段講述的是對(duì)于露營(yíng)物資方面的準(zhǔn)備，且后文“Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies.Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!(并非所有初學(xué)者都需要頂級(jí)的最新用品。但你至少應(yīng)該有基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)！)”講述了“適當(dāng)”這一原則，因此設(shè)空句要呼應(yīng)主題“露營(yíng)物質(zhì)”和“適當(dāng)”。選項(xiàng)D“Campingdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive.(露營(yíng)不必復(fù)雜或昂貴。)”貼合主題，符合分析。故選D項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)后文“Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations.andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!(當(dāng)你遠(yuǎn)離我們所依賴的主要便利設(shè)施，如緊急護(hù)理中心、警察局和急診室時(shí)，你應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)記住，安全是你的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)！)”可知，該段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“露營(yíng)的安全”，設(shè)空句作為主旨句，應(yīng)突出“安全”。選項(xiàng)B“Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind.(永遠(yuǎn)不要離開家而不考慮安全。)”符合題意，可以作為小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)前文“Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations.andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!(