牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊八第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

ReadingTurandotinBeijingUnit2第1頁(yè)LanguagePoints第2頁(yè)universaladj.共通、廣泛、全球、公認(rèn)；普遍、普通；Therewasuniversalagreementastowhoshouldbecomechairman.誰(shuí)該當(dāng)主席，大家意見(jiàn)是一致。Thisisasubjectofuniversalinterest.這是一個(gè)普遍關(guān)心問(wèn)題。Footballisauniversalgame.足球是一項(xiàng)全球化體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。第3頁(yè)witnessvt.親眼目睹Didyoureallywitnesstheaccidentthathappenednearourschool你真親眼目睹了發(fā)生在我們學(xué)校附近那場(chǎng)事故？Severaljournalistswitnessedtheincidentinwhicheightpeoplewereinjured.幾名記者目睹了那場(chǎng)事故，事故中八人受傷。witnessn.目擊者；證人 Mr.Greenwasaskedtoactasawitnesstotheagreementbetweenhistwofriends.格林先生被叫去在他兩位朋友達(dá)成協(xié)議上署名作證。 Hewillappearasawitnessforthedefence.他將作為被告證人出庭。第4頁(yè)閱讀以下各句，區(qū)分witness詞性和含義。1)Policehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident. （n.目擊者）2)Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.（n.為……提供證據(jù))3)Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility. （vt.見(jiàn)證）4)Shewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenteredthebuilding.（vi.作證說(shuō)）第5頁(yè)Someoftheworld'sgreatestoperasingerswerecastinthisproduction,...(教材P18原句)許多出色世界歌劇演唱者都參加了這次制作，……第6頁(yè)castvt.挑選(演員);使…出演(某角色),投擲；投射n.演員表；投，擲骰castsb.as選定某人擔(dān)任……角色

castaglance/lookat/to/toward向……瞧了瞧castavote 投票castashadowoversth.在……上投下陰影第7頁(yè)ZhangYimoucastZhouDongyuasJingqiuinhisnewfilm.張藝謀在新片中選派周冬雨來(lái)飾演靜秋。Againshecastalooktowardthewindow.(選自年高考浙江卷·閱讀D)她又一次朝窗戶看了一眼。Lastnight'skillingscastadarkshadowoverthepeacetalks.昨晚槍殺案為和談蒙上了深深陰影。第8頁(yè)[多維演練]A．寫(xiě)出以下句子中cast漢語(yǔ)意思①TheplayisbeingcastinbothChinaandBritain.②Shecastawelcomingsmileinhisdirection.③Thelittleboycastastoneintothepond.④Theplayhasacastoffive.選派角色向……投以(笑容)投，擲全體演員第9頁(yè)B．完成句子⑤這個(gè)壞消息給事件進(jìn)程蒙上了一層陰影。Thesadnews

theproceedings.⑥在英國(guó)，許多人在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校投票。InBritain,manypeople

atlocalschools.castashadowovercasttheirvotes第10頁(yè)C.單項(xiàng)填空⑦Shewastiredofalways

asasexysymbol.A．casting

B．beingcastC．tocast D．tobecast答案：

B第11頁(yè)setvt.以……為背景；發(fā)生在……Thebookissetin17thcenturySpain.這本書(shū)以十七世紀(jì)西班牙為背景。TheplayissetinVenice.這部劇發(fā)生在威尼斯。vt.放置，安置；使處于某種情況；設(shè)置；擺放餐具vi.落山；出發(fā)；凝結(jié)n.一套，一副；集合；布景；電視機(jī)第12頁(yè)閱讀以下各句，區(qū)分set含義。1)Couldyoupleasehelpmesetthetable（擺放）2)Iopenedthecageandsetthebirdsfree.（使處于……狀態(tài)）3)Yourremarkssetmethinking. （使開(kāi)始）4)Shesetthealarmfor6:30a.m. （調(diào)整好）5)Hesetanewlandspeedrecord.（創(chuàng)設(shè)）6)Inwinter,thesunsetearlyinthewest.落、下沉7)Wesetaboutclearingupthemess.開(kāi)始做……8)Imightneedasparesetofclothes.一套9)Theysetoff/setoutinsearchofthelostchild.出發(fā)10)Thebombcouldbesetoffbytheslightestvibration.（使爆炸）第13頁(yè)imaginevt.想像；構(gòu)想、認(rèn)為Youcanimaginemysurprisewhentheytoldmethenews.你能想像得出他們?cè)诎涯莿t消息告訴我時(shí)我是多么詫異。YoucanimaginehowsurprisedIwas.你能想像得出我是多么詫異。Trytoimaginethatyouareallaloneonadesertisland.試想一下你孤身一人在一個(gè)荒島上。It’shardtoimaginelivinginaplacewheretherearenocars.生活在一個(gè)沒(méi)有汽車地方是不可思議。CanyouimagineGeorgecookingthedinner你能想像喬治燒飯嗎？Sheimaginesthatpeopledon’tlikeher,buttheydo.她認(rèn)為人們都不喜歡她，但他們是喜歡她。第14頁(yè)否定詞never/no/not/nothing等與比較級(jí)連用，往往表示最高級(jí)含義。世上沒(méi)有比那些書(shū)更有價(jià)值東西了。Nothingintheworldismorevaluablethanthosebooks.=Thosebooksarethemostvaluableintheworld.Hesaidhehadneverwatchedamoreexcitinggamebefore.=Hesaidthegamewasthemostexcitingonehehadeverwatched.第15頁(yè)decoratevt.裝飾/修飾……decorate…with…用飾品裝飾/修飾……furnish…with…為（房間或房屋）配置（家俱）equip…with…用（儀器、設(shè)備等）裝備（工廠、車間、試驗(yàn)室等）對(duì)應(yīng)名詞分別為decoration（裝飾，裝飾品）;furniture（家俱）;equipment（裝備，設(shè)備，器材）Herliving-roomisfurnishedwithacomfortablenewsofa.Theworkshopisequippedwithmanymodernmachines.(Itisawell/fullyequippedworkshop.)TheyalwaysdecoratetheirclassroomwithballoonsandflowerswhenChristmascomes.第16頁(yè)potentialadj.未來(lái)有可能成為……，潛在Heisseenasapotentialleaderofourpoliticalparty.他未來(lái)有可能成為我們政黨領(lǐng)袖。Alwaysonthelookoutforthepotentialdangers.時(shí)刻警覺(jué)潛在危險(xiǎn)。閱讀以下各句，注意potential詞性改變和含義。1)Hehasactingpotential,butheneedstraining. （n.潛力）2)Sheispotentiallyourbesttennisplayer,butsheneedstopracticemuchharder. （adv.有可能成為……）3)Suchaforcefulpersonmayhavegreatpotentialitiesforeithergoodorevil.（n.潛在可能性）第17頁(yè)marryvt.&vi.（與……）結(jié)婚；娶；嫁Hemarriedlateinlife.他很晚才結(jié)婚。Willyoumarryme你愿意嫁給我嗎？閱讀以下各句，注意marry使用方法和含義。1)TheygotmarriedlastApril,andtheyhavebeenmarriedforayear.2)Thebishopmarriedthem.3)Shewantstomarryherdaughtertoarichman.第18頁(yè)condemnvt.判刑，宣判；指責(zé)，訓(xùn)斥Thosewhocannotanswerallthreeriddles,however,willbecondemnedtodeath.(教材P18原句)然而，那些不能答對(duì)三個(gè)題人們將被處死。第19頁(yè)(1)

判處某人某種刑罰condemnsb.forsth. 因……訓(xùn)斥某人condemnsb./sth.as 指責(zé)……是……(2)besentencedtodeath被判處死刑condemnsb.tosth.第20頁(yè)RussiaandChinavetoedaUNSecurityCouncilresolutiononTuesdaythatwouldhavecondemnedSyria.周二俄羅斯和中國(guó)否決了一項(xiàng)聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)訓(xùn)斥敘利亞決議。Weallcondemnedhimforhisbadconduct.我們都訓(xùn)斥他不良行為。第21頁(yè)B．完成句子③大多數(shù)人都愿意把任何暴力行為視作惡行加以訓(xùn)斥。Mostpeoplearewillingto

violenceofanysort

evil.④報(bào)紙很快就因他所犯錯(cuò)誤對(duì)他進(jìn)行了訓(xùn)斥。Thepaperswerequickto

hismistake.C．單項(xiàng)填空⑤He

todeathformurderandlaterhanged.A．condemned B．wascondemnedC．hadcondemned D．wascondemningcondemnascondemnhimfor第22頁(yè)darevt.&vi.&aux.勇于，膽敢Thismeansthatfewmenwoulddaretoaskforherhandinmarriage.(教材P18原句)這意味著敢向她求婚男子寥寥無(wú)幾。dare可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，“勇于”，有各種詞形改變，可用于各類句型(必定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句及各類從句等)，其后多接帶to不定式，在疑問(wèn)和否定句中，dare后可省to。Wedon'tdare(to)sayanything.我們什么也不敢說(shuō)。第23頁(yè)(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，“敢”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句以及if或whether之后，普通不用于必定句，無(wú)第三人稱單數(shù)形式。dare有過(guò)去時(shí)形式dared。Daresheriskstayingwhereshewas她還敢冒險(xiǎn)呆在原來(lái)地方嗎？'Areyoucomingwithme'—'Ican't,Alice.Idaren't.'“你要和我一起去嗎？”——“不行，艾麗斯，我不敢?！钡?4頁(yè)[點(diǎn)睛]

Idaresay是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法(用于必定句)，它所表示是一個(gè)不必定語(yǔ)氣，常譯為“我敢說(shuō)，我相信”。Thingshavechangedagooddeal,Idaresay.我敢說(shuō)情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)了很大改變。第25頁(yè)[多維演練]A．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Sheisafraidtogooutafterdark.-She

outafterdark.She

outafterdark.doesn'tdare(to)godarenotgo第26頁(yè)B．單句改錯(cuò)②Howdareyoutospeaktomelikethat？③Hedoesnotdareseehisfather,darehe去掉第一個(gè)to第二個(gè)dare改為does第27頁(yè)C．單項(xiàng)填空④John

hisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.A．daresnottell B．darenottellingC．darenottell D．darenottotell解析：darenottell中dare是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒(méi)有些人稱和數(shù)改變，否定形式為darenot。dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定和疑問(wèn)組成需借助do某種形式。答案：

C第28頁(yè)disturbingadj.引發(fā)煩惱；令人不安I’vehadsomedisturbingexperienceenough.我已經(jīng)夠煩了。TherecomeagainsomedisturbingreportsabouttheMiddleEast.又相關(guān)于中東令人不安報(bào)道。閱讀以下各句，注意disturb其它使用方法。1)Iwasdeeplydisturbedanddepressedbythenews.（心煩意亂）2)Don’tdisturbthepapersonmydesk. （弄亂）3)Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnottodisturbthesleepingchild.（吵醒）4)I’msorrytodisturbyou,butcanItalktoyouforamoment （打攪）第29頁(yè)fallvi.（不知不覺(jué)地或突然地）進(jìn)入……狀態(tài)（過(guò)去式為fell,過(guò)去分詞為fallen）Hefellill.他病了。Shefellintoadeepsleep.她睡熟了。Theyhavefalleninlove.他們戀愛(ài)了。Hefellvictimtohercharm.他被她美所傾倒。第30頁(yè)takeon（無(wú)被動(dòng)式）展現(xiàn)出……面貌、特征等Thetempletakesonagoldencolorwhenthesunsinksinthewest.Hisvoicetakesonamoreserioustone.閱讀以下各句，寫(xiě)出takeon含義。1)Sheisnotingoodhealththesedays,andcannottakeonmorework.（負(fù)擔(dān)……工作等）2)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinthepastfewdecades,andnowithastakenonacompletelynewlook.（展現(xiàn)（面貌、特征等））3)We’renottakingonanynewstaffatthemoment.（雇傭）4)Thebusstoppedtotakeonmorepassengers.（接納、裝載）第31頁(yè)seizevt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉??；奪取，攻占Calaf'sfatherandLiuhavebeenseenaccompanyingCalaf,soTurandotseizesCalaf'sfatherandLiu,anddemandsthattheytellherCalaf'snameortheywillbebeaten.(教材P19原句)有些人曾看見(jiàn)卡拉夫父親和柳兒陪著卡拉夫，所以圖蘭朵把卡拉夫父親和柳兒抓了起來(lái)，命令他們說(shuō)出卡拉夫名字，不然他們就會(huì)遭受拷打。Sheseizedherpurseandshoutedindespair.她緊緊地抓住自己錢包，并絕望地喊叫。第32頁(yè)seizesb.bythecollar抓住某人衣領(lǐng)seizepower 奪權(quán)seizeachance 抓住機(jī)會(huì)seizeholdof 抓住，占領(lǐng)seizeon/upon 利用，抓住(可利用事物)China,forexample,hassetitsmindonleadingthatmarket,hopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyrevolution.(選自年高考廣東卷·閱讀D)比如，中國(guó)已經(jīng)決心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該市場(chǎng)，希望在新一輪全球能源改革中抓住機(jī)遇。第33頁(yè)[多維演練]A．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Shetookholdofmyhandtightly.→She

tightly.seizedmebythehand第34頁(yè)B．完成句子②這些人在離開(kāi)那棟房子時(shí)被抓獲。Themen

astheyleftthebuilding.③當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙迫不及待地對(duì)這些傳聞加以炒作。Thelocalnewspaperswereeager

therumours.wereseizedtoseizeon/upon第35頁(yè)C．單項(xiàng)填空④Suddenlyatallman,ridingahorse,

thegirlandtookheraway,

intothewoods.A．seizing;disappeared

B．seizing;disappearingC．seized;disappearedD．seized;disappearing第36頁(yè)解析：句意：突然，一個(gè)騎著馬高個(gè)男子抓住女孩并把她帶走了，很快消失在樹(shù)林里。第一空處與took并列作謂語(yǔ)，可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；第二空為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)atallman之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。答案：

D第37頁(yè)5．demandvt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要n．要求；需求；要求事(1)demandsth.of/fromsb.

向某人要求某物demandtodo... 要求做……demandthat... 要求……(2)in(great)demand需求量很大；許多人都需要meet/satisfyone'sdemands滿足某人需要(3)demandingadj.要求高，需要高技能；要求極嚴(yán)；難滿足第38頁(yè)Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding.(選自年高考四川卷·閱讀D)盡管該書(shū)很短，但它要求很高。第39頁(yè)[點(diǎn)睛]

從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Thestudentsdemandedthattheinjured(should)besenttothehospitalatonce.學(xué)生們要求將傷者馬上送往醫(yī)院。Ourproductsarealwaysingreatdemand.我們產(chǎn)品需求量總是很大。第40頁(yè)(1)“要求某人做……”不可用demandsb.todo，但可用demandofsb.todo。(2)demand后通常不接動(dòng)名詞或雙賓語(yǔ)。Themanagerdemandedoftheworkerstoworkextrahours.經(jīng)理要求工人們加班。第41頁(yè)除demand外，你還知道哪些動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”？insist(堅(jiān)持要求),order,command,suggest(提議),propose,advise,request,require等。第42頁(yè)A．句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Shedemandedthatsheshouldbetoldeverythingaboutit.→Shedemanded

everythingaboutit.tobetold第43頁(yè)B．完成句子②對(duì)父母來(lái)說(shuō)滿足孩子全部要求是不明智。Itisunwiseforparentsto

ofchildren.③昨天晚上，夫婦倆來(lái)到我家要求我?guī)兔?。Yesterdayevening,thecouplecametomyhouseand