考博英語模擬試卷261

考博英語模擬試卷261

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Thedrugstoreatthecomerofourstreetsellsaspirinsandpenicillin

prescriptions.

A、dispenses

B>disposes

C、disperses

D、dispatches

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題意為“街角上的藥店出售阿斯匹林和處方盤尼西林dispose的

意思是"處理"，如：Wehavetodisposeofthispileofoldpapersandmagazines.（我

們得把這堆舊報(bào)紙和雜志處理掉。）其他三項(xiàng)dispense“分配，分發(fā)"，disperse”（使）

分散，（使）分開dkpatch”分派，派遣”都與題意不符，因此R項(xiàng)為正確答案「

2、Bigbusinessesenjoycertainthatsmalleronesdonothave.

A、transactions

privileges

C、subsidies

D、substitutes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：木題意為“大企業(yè)享受小企業(yè)享受不到的特別待遇B項(xiàng)“privilege特

權(quán)，特別待遇''符合題意，如：Educationshouldnotbeconsideredtobeaprivilegein

amodernsociely.（在一個(gè)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，受教育不應(yīng)該被看成是一種特權(quán)）。其他三

項(xiàng)“transaction交易；subsidy補(bǔ)助金,津貼;substitute代用交'都不正確。

3、Runningcanstrengthenyourheartandmuscles,but,itcandamageyourkneejoints

andthebonesinyourfeet.

A^previously

B、formerly

C>conversely

D^literally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（conversely相反地）。句意為：跑步能鍛煉你的心臟和肌肉；但是正

好相反，它會(huì)損傷你的膝關(guān)節(jié)和腳上的骨頭。A.previously以前：B.fonneHy從

前，以前；D.literally不加夸張地。

4、Thosewholetuncertaintyrarelyachievemuch.

A、turnthemdown

B、sendthemdown

C^weighthemdown

D、huddledown

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：哲無解析

5、Fourmemberswalkedoutofthesession,withtheresultthatthecommitteedidnot

haveaandwouldnottakeanydecisions.

A、babe

B>backbone

C、quorum

D、apartheid

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)。析：quorum”法定人數(shù)委員會(huì)或組織最少人數(shù)的官員或成員，通常要達(dá)到

多數(shù)，必須出席，以確保事務(wù)處理的有效性”符合題意。babe嬰孩，天真而不知世

故的人；backbone骨干，中堅(jiān)；apariheid南非共和國(guó)實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政

策。

6^Hecamebacklater,whichtimetheyhadleft.

A、after

B、by

C^from

D、for

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：by與時(shí)間搭配表示時(shí)間的限時(shí)。木句相當(dāng)于"Bythetimehecame

backlater,theyhadleft”。

7、Manypuremetalshavelittleusebecausetheyaretoosoft,rusttooeasily,orhave

someother.

A、bruises

B、blunders

C^handicaps

D、drawbacks

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說夕艮多純金屬無法使用，因此它們太軟，易生銹，或有些其他

的缺陷。D項(xiàng)"drawbacks缺點(diǎn)，障礙”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“bruises瘀傷，擦傷；

blunders大錯(cuò)，失誤；handicaps妨礙，使不利，阻礙”都不正確。

8、Mary'sdeparturewithTom'sreturn.

A、complied

B、retarded

C、coincided

D^collaborated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：瑪麗離開時(shí)湯姆剛好回來。coincide相符合，相巧合。comply

應(yīng)允，遵照。retard阻礙,延遲。collaborate合作,協(xié)調(diào)。

9、5.intheirislandcommunity,thevarioustribesusedlanguageswhichbecame

moreandmoresimilartoeachother's.

A、Managed

B、Shrunk

C、Assumed

D、Isolated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：manage”經(jīng)營(yíng)，設(shè)法對(duì)付“，managewithout"在沒

有……下應(yīng)付過去"；shrink”收縮,退縮,一般指衣服的收縮”；shrinkback”退縮,

害怕“；assume”假設(shè)，擔(dān)任“，assumeresponsibilily”承擔(dān)責(zé)任"；isolate”使隔離，

使孤立，使脫離，一般指地理位置的孤立”。根據(jù)句意判斷，答案為D。

10、Davidhiscompany\successtotheunityofallthestaffandtheir

perseveringhardwork.

A^attributed

contributed

C、acknowledged

D、pledged

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:attributed。。）意為“歸因于";contributed。。）意為"捐獻(xiàn)”;acknowledged

意為“承認(rèn)”；pledged意為“保證”。本句話意思是：“大衛(wèi)說他們公司之所以獲得成

功是由于全體員工的團(tuán)結(jié)和堅(jiān)持不懈努力工作的結(jié)果A項(xiàng)符合題意。如：delays

attributedtosnow（因下雪而耽擱）。

11、Thegovernmentagreedto1,000refugees.

A、accommodate

elucidate

C、liquidate

D、vindicate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、TheCommitteepronouncedfourmembersexpelledforfailuretoprovide

informationiniheofinvestigations.

A^case

B、chase

C、cause

D^course

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：inihecourseof在...的過程中;incaseof萬一；cause原因，事業(yè)；

chase追趕,不用于inthe...of結(jié)構(gòu)中。所以D為正確答案。

13>Thisisanidealsiteforauniversityitisfarfromthedowntownarea.

A、providedthat

B、nowthat

C、sothat

D、inthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：inthat因?yàn)?，由于。providcdthat只要。nowthat既然。sothat為了,

目的是。

14、(Seetoit)thatthelady(got)whatshe(wants)and(returnto)herhometownsafely.

A、Seetoit

B、got

C、wants

D、returnto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：改為returnedto。與前面的got時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

15、Membersofparliamentarebythepeople.

A、voted

B、elected

C、nominated

D、represented

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

16、Tohiscosmopolitanmindsuchdeviationsfromthesocialwerenomore

thanaretheirregularitiesofvaleandmountain-chaintothewholeterrestrialcurve.

A^norm

B、criterion

C^measure

D、standard

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,

theywereexpectedtobestrong.

A、empirically

B>emotionally

C^emulously

D^eminently

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全句語意需要B。

18>Dreamsareinthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantell

usmuchaboutthedreamer.

A、uninformative

B、stanling

C、harmless

D、uncontrollable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：“不提供信息(或資料)的，不增進(jìn)知識(shí)的"令

人吃驚的”；"無害的''和"無法控制的從句子的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可輕易判斷出答案為

Ao

19、Evenwhentextbooksarethroughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmay

varygreatly.

A^commonplace

B、standardized

C^competitive

D^generalized

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：standardize使合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；commonplace平凡的，平庸的，

平常的：competitive比賽性的，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的：generalize意為：歸納，對(duì)…進(jìn)行概

括。句意：盡管教科書在學(xué)校是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，但教學(xué)法是可以千變?nèi)f化的。

20、TofundtheeventandalsopromotethemarketingvalueoftheNational

Games,theorganizingcommitteesetuptheMarketingDevelopmentDepartment

(MDD).

A、beneficent

B>expensive

C^costly

D、luxurious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是beneficent行善的，慈善的；expensive昂貴

的；costly昂貴的；luxurious奢華的。句意是，為了向公益事業(yè)提供淡金，同E寸也

為了提升全運(yùn)會(huì)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值，組委會(huì)成立了市場(chǎng)開發(fā)部(MDD)。所以正確答案是A

選項(xiàng)，如Hewasbeneficenttothepoor.(他對(duì)窮人慈善)。

21NTheFlowerMarketinSanFranciscois,anditwasestablishedinthe1930's.

A、homeofthesecondlargestflowermarketinthecountry

B>hometothecountry'ssecondlargestflowermarket

C>thesecondflowermarketinthecountry'shome

D^thehometothesecondcountry'slargeflowermarket

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22>Irejectanyreligiousdoctrinethatdoesnottoreasonandisinconflictv/ith

morality.

A、apply

B、appeal

C、attract

D、attend

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：考動(dòng)詞與I。構(gòu)成的搭配。applyto是“將……應(yīng)用于“；appealto是“訴

諸,求助于attract是“吸引”,是及物動(dòng)詞，不需要帶to,只有beattractedto（受

到...吸引）的用法;attendto是“注意，留心；照順,護(hù)理應(yīng)該選appealto,句

子大意為：我反對(duì)任何不訴諸于理性并與道德相違背的宗教教義。

23、Tnordertoearnstrongersupport,thecandidateclaimedthatthenewlawwouldal-

lowmorewomenanddisabledpeopletoentertheofAmericanlife.

A、society

B、artery

C^center

D^mainstream

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：themainstreamofAmericanlife美國(guó)生活主流；mainstream主流;

artery動(dòng)脈，要道。

24、Walkingisexcellentforworkingtension.

A^out

B、away

C、down

D、off

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A.workoul算出，制定出。B.workaway連續(xù)不停地T作。C.work

down縮減。D.workoff排除,消除。

25、Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,Ikeeptothisday.

A、andthus

and

C、so

D、andwhich

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：先行詞是thewatch,由兩個(gè)并列的定語從句共同修飾。關(guān)系代詞

which在兩個(gè)定語從句的成分不同：一個(gè)作主語，一個(gè)作賓語，故第二個(gè)which不

能省略。

26>Kellyfoughtdepression,hersisterstruggledagainstviolenttendencies,andtheir

onlyphysicaltouchesthey'deverknownfromtheirparentswereabusive.

A^cordial

fastidious

C、sadistic

D、absurd

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:A.cordial興奮的，誠(chéng)懇的;B.fastidious難取悅的,挑剔的；

C.sadistic虐待狂的,殘酷成性的；D.absurd不合理的，荒謬的。

27、Althoughitisonlyasmallbusiness,itsissurprisinglyhigh.

A、turn-up

B、turn-over

Cxfiirn-ahonr

D、turn-out

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：turn—up開大（聲音■）,翻起，出現(xiàn)；turn-

over營(yíng)業(yè)額，仔細(xì)考慮；turn—about反復(fù)思考,（使）轉(zhuǎn)過身來；turn-out關(guān)燈，制

造。句意是，盡管這只是個(gè)小型企業(yè)，但它的營(yíng)業(yè)額卻高得驚人。

28、Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrime

problemhasstirredpoliticalandsuspicions.

A、substance

B、antagonisms

C>dimension

D、possession

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,substance意為“物質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)，主旨，物質(zhì)”;

antagonism意為“對(duì)抗（狀態(tài)），對(duì)抗性”；dimension意為“尺寸，尺度”；possession

意為“擁有，著迷，領(lǐng)土”。本題的句意是，盡管政府仍然擁有很高的公眾支持率，

犯罪問題已經(jīng)激起了政治上的對(duì)抗和懷疑。因此正確答案是B項(xiàng)，如Afewjoking

wordsrelaxedtheantagonismbetweenthem（幾句笑話緩和了他們之間的對(duì)立情緒）。

29、MosheKatzma,24,deniedanywiththebeatinggiventothehomelessman,

whowasfoundoutsideaNationalHeadquartersoffice.

A^involvement

B、admission

C、isolation

D^access

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意志是：involvemenl參與，包含；admission允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)

某事之陳述，供認(rèn)；isolation隔絕，孤立，隔離，絕緣；access通路，訪問，入

門。

30、Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwas

notuntilthesixteenthcentury.

A、anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B>thenattainedanygreatreliability

C、thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D、whenanygreatreliabilityattained

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)詞析：句子大意：早期的這些依靠重量調(diào)節(jié)而運(yùn)行的鐘表特別不準(zhǔn)確，直到

十六世紀(jì)——o本題旨在考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“itis+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that”的用法。句子要表達(dá)的

意思是“其可靠性才有了顯著的改善”，將各選項(xiàng)代入，只有C項(xiàng)符合題意，因此

本題選擇C。

二、閱讀理解（本題共“6題，每題1.0分，共“6

分。）

TheolderIgrowthemoreimpressedIamwiththeroleofluckorchanceinlife.Tobe

bornwhenandwhereonefindshimselfis,ofcourse,fromthepointofviewofthe

individualpewsthesheerestluckofall—goodorbad.Therearemillionsnowlivingin

Americawhowouldlongsincehavebeendead,hadtheybeenbornorhadremainedin

countriesoftheirparents'origins.Luckdoesnotdetermineorexplainachievement-merit

oftenplaysapreponderantrole.Thisisobviouswhenweobservethedifferencesin

performancesamongthosewhohavearoughlycommonenvironmentandarcjudgedby

asingle,relevantstandard.Buteventobeinapositiontobeevaluatedonone'smeritsis

amatterofluckorgoodfortune.Sometimesthosewhoarequalified,andmoreoften,

thosewhoarepotentiallyqualifiednevergetthechance.Sometimesthequalifiedhave

thegoodluckofcompetingagainstthepoorerqualifiedorthebadluckofcompeting

againstthebetterqualified-circumstancesusuallybeyondthecontrolofthepersons

affected.Yet,ineverycompetitionthisisanimportantfactor.Thedistributionofwealth

inthisworlddependsalmostasmuchonluckasonenergy,foresightandskill.These

lattervirtuesaredecisiveasarulewhentheluckofopportunityiscommon.Butoftenit

isnot,asthevaryingportionsofindividuals*inheritancetestify.Evenwhenthe

opportunityiscommon,resultsmaynotreflectmeritordemerit.Whenwereadofthe

actionsforwhichindividualshaverunafoulofthelaw.itisonlytheweaknessand

povertyofourimaginationthatpreventusfromgraspingtheseriesofevents-allcaused

tobesure—whoseconjunctioncouldhavelandedusinthesamepredicament.Ifour

temperhadflaredupwhenadeadlyweaponwasavailable,mightwenotbeinthedock?

Regardlessoflegalguiltorinnocence,beingchargedwith,orinvolvedin,acrimeis

oftenamatterofluck.Weneverknowwhenwcmaybefalselyaccused.Docsbeliefin

lucktendtoanacceptanceofthestatusquo?Notnecessarily-althoughthereisnothing

wronginacceptingthestatusquo,ifanyfeasiblealternativetoitislikelytobeworse.

Whenwerealizewhatweowetoluck,ittendstocureusofoverweeningpride,of

smugnessandseif-righteousness.Forwhateverourachievementswewillnotethatthey

arenotaconsequenceonlyofourworth,orofoureffortsandvirtuesalone.Success

alwaysdependsuponthecooperationofotherpersonsandthings,onthehappyconcert

oftime,placeandopportunity-theabsenceofanyoneofwhichmighthavespelled

failure.

31、Accordingtothepassage,ofallthefollowingluckisLEASTrelatedto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

32、Iftheopportunityiscommon,thedistributionofv/ealthintheworldisdecidedby

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

33、Howdoestheauthorinterpretthecauseofcrime?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

34、Theauthorbelievesthatthegoodlifeinthisworldis,tosomeextent,markedby

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

35、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Themainideaofthesebusiness-schoolacademicsisappealing.Inawordwtere

companiesmustadapttonewtechnologiesandsourceofcompetition,itismuchharder

thanitusedtobetooftengoodemployeesjobsecurityandanopportunitytoclimbthe

corporateladder.Yetitisalsomorenecessarythaneverforemployeestoinvestinbetter

skillsandsparklewithbrightideas.Howcanfirmsgetthemostoutofpeopleiftheycan

nolongerofferthemprotectionandpromotion?Manybosseswouldlovetohavean

answer.SumantrraGhoshaloftheLondonBusinessSchoolandChristopherBartlettof

theHarvardBusinessSchoolthinktheyhaveone:"Employability."Ifmanagersoffer

therightoftrainingandguidance,andchangetheirattitudetowardstheirunderlings,they

willbeabletoreassuretheiremployeesthattheywillalwayshavetheskillsand

experiencetofindagoodjob—evenifitiswithadifferentcompany.Unfortunately,they

promisemorethantheydeliver.Theirthoughtsonwhatanidealorganizationshould

accomplisharehardtoquarrelwith:encouragepeopletobecreative,makesurethegains

fromcreativityaresharedwiththepainsofthebusinessthatcanmakethemostofthem,

keeptheorganizationfromgettingstaleandsoforthTherealdisappointmentcomes

whentheyattempttoshowhowfirmsmightactuallycreatesuchanenvironment.Atits

nubisthenotionthatcompaniescanattaintheirelusivegoalsbychangingtheirimplicit

contractwithindividualv/orkers,andtreatingthemasasourceofvalueratherthanacog

inamachine.Theauthorsofferafewinspiringexampleofcompanies-theyinclude

Motorola,3MandABB-thathavemanagedtogosomewaytowardscreatingsuch

organizations.Buttheyofferlittleusefulguidanceonhowtogoaboutit,andleavethe

biggestquestionsunanswered.Howdoyoucontinuouslytrainpeople,withoutdiverting

themfromtheireverydayjobofmakingthebusinessmoreprofitable?Howdoyoutrain

peopletobesuccessfulelsewherewhilestillencouragingthemtomakebigcommitments

toyourownfirm?Howdoyougetyournewlyliberatedemployeestospendtheirtimeon

ideasthatcreatevalue,andnotsimplyonthosetheyenjoy?Mostoftheiranswersarc

platitudinous,andwhentheyarenottheyareunconvincing.

36、Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinthepastanemployee.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1段第2句.itismuchharderthanitusedtobetooffergood

employeejobsecurityandanopportunitytoclimbthecorporateladder.vMJ知,過去——

個(gè)好的職員很容易獲得事業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和晉升機(jī)會(huì)，工作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并不殘酷，與A選項(xiàng)相

符。

37、AccordingtoChristopherBartlettwhatwillimprove"employability"?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第2段第2句中managersoffertherightoftrainingand

guidance...”可找到答案：通過公司培養(yǎng)和引導(dǎo)來提高雇員水平。因此C正確。

38、WhatdoesthewriterofthispassagethinkoftheideasofGhoshalandBartlett?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第3段第1句：Unfortunately,theypromisemorethanthey

deliver.作者認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)人許諾的比實(shí)際提供的要多，可以得知作者認(rèn)為他們的觀

點(diǎn)不切實(shí)際，很難執(zhí)行，與C選項(xiàng)相符。

39Intheirwork.GhoshalandBartlettdiscuss.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第3段第2句：Theirthoughtsonwhatanidealorganizationshould

accomplish...Ghoshal和Bartlett討論了企業(yè)的組織形式：企業(yè)應(yīng)該提供給員工一

個(gè)創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境以及對(duì)企業(yè)員工的培訓(xùn)和管理，最后達(dá)到企業(yè)發(fā)展的目的。因此他們

討論的是企業(yè)管理的觀念，與D選項(xiàng)相符。

40>Thispassageseemstobea(n).

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第4段“Theauthorsofferafewinspiringexample...thathave

managedtogosomewaytowardscreatingsuchorganizations...offerlittleuseful

guidanceonhowto....”可知，這是一篇書評(píng)bookreview?

ThediscoveryoftheAntarcticnotonlyprovedoneofthemostinterestingofall

geographicaladventures,butcreatedwhatmightbecalled"theheroicageofAntarctic

exploration".Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShackleton,Scott,and

Amundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,

littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.Modernscienceandinventionsare

revolutionizingthetechniquesofformerexplorers,and,althoughstillcallingforcourage

andfeatsofendurance,futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependon

motorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlier

discoverersfoundsoinvaluable.FewrealizethatthisAntarcticcontinentisalmostequal

insizetoSouthAmerica,andenormousfieldofworkawaitsgeographersand

prospectors.Thecoastsofthiscontinentremaintobeaccuratelycharted,andthe

mappingofthewholeofinteriorpresentsformidabletasktothecartographerswho

undertakethework.Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthe

vastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasure

hoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,analmostinexhaustiblesources

ofcoppercoal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.Such

discoverieswillusherinaneraofpracticalexploitationoftheAntarcticwastes.The

polardarknesswhichhidesthiscontinentforthesixwintermonthswillbedefeatedby

hugebatteriesoflight,andmakepossibletheestablishingofairfieldsforthefuture

intercontinentalairservicebymakingtheseareasaslightasday.Presentflyingroutes

willcumplelelyuliange,theAnlaruliurefuelingbaseswillmakeflightfioniAuslialia

toSouthAmericacomparativelyeasyoverthe5,000milesjourney.Theclimateisnot

likelytoofferaninsuperableproblem,fortheexplorerAdmiralByrdhasshownthatthe

climateispossibleevenfbrmencompletelyuntrainedforexpeditionsintothosefrozen

wastes.Someofhispartiesweremenwhohadneverseensnowbefore,andyethe

recordsthattheysurvivedtherigorsoftheAntarcticclimatecomfortably,sothat,

providedthattheappropriateinstallationsaremade,wemayassumethathumanbeings

fromallcountriescouldlivetheresafely.Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemost

healthclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizedthis

continent,andrendereditabsolutelygcrmfrcc,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryand

extraordinarysicknessesanddiseasefromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswith

differentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.Thereexistnoproblemsofconservationand

preservationoffoodsupplies,fbrthelatterkeepindefinitelywithoutanysignsof

deterioration;itmayevenbethatlatergenerationswillcometoregardtheAntarcticas

thenaturalstorehousefbrthewholeworld.Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanent

basesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa"dead

continent"nowpromisestobeamostactivecentreofhumanlifeandendeavor.

41、WhendidmanbegintoexploretheAntarctic?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1段第2句子中“Bytheirtremendousheroism...anewcontinent

toemergefromtheshadows...littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.''中可

以看出，人們探索南極早在大約100年以前就已經(jīng)開始了，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題

意。

42、Whatmusttheexplorersbe,eventhoughtheyhavemodernequipmentand

techniques?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:文章第1段第3句“Modemscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizing

thetechniquesofformerexplorers,and,althoughstillcallingforcourageandleatsof

endurance...”中可以看出，在南極探險(xiǎn)，探險(xiǎn)者不僅需要現(xiàn)代化的裝備，而且要

有址夠的勇氣和堅(jiān)忍不我的精神。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

43WhatkindofmetalsandmineralscanwcfindintheAntarctic?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第2段”…andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,

uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.”中可以得出B選項(xiàng)為答

案：銅、煤和軸可以在南極找到。

44、Themosthealthyclimateintheworldis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第4段中可以看出，南極是世界上最有益于健康的地方（因?yàn)榍?/p>

萬年以來嚴(yán)寒已經(jīng)給這個(gè)大陸進(jìn)行了消毒，使這一地區(qū)沒有細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)，結(jié)果使得在

其他氣候各異的大陸所患的一般性和重大疾病在這個(gè)地區(qū)卻聞所未聞）。因此選擇

Co

45、Whatisplannedforthecontinent?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:文章第5段“Plansarcalreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesonthe

shoresofthiscontinent.中可知，人類計(jì)劃做的事情是幅南極建立永久基地，故

選D。

togetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmorethan

twodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs-thesamelampshehadleft

therein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarcrugged,portable,long-lived,andextremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingCountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent（白熾的）lightsaswell-somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago,butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfbrtherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers-includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-areteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

46、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1段說，當(dāng)哈利德到達(dá)尼泊爾遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村民們

正用他留給他們的發(fā)光二極管的燈來工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

47TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一道引申判斷題。第2段提到，村民們每晚用電4個(gè)小時(shí)，然后

用腳踏的方式來給電池充電?？梢韵胂螅谝粋€(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊，這可能是最理想的

充電方式了。

48、WhatdoesIrvine-HallidaythinkofLEDs?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段接著說，發(fā)光二極管比愛迪生的白熾燈具有更大的優(yōu)越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白熾燈成為世界的主要人造光源。

49Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)0析：這是一道事實(shí)尋讀題。第3段說，10年前一位日本工程師研制出了

藍(lán)色發(fā)光二極管，這個(gè)小小的進(jìn)展具有極大的影響，因?yàn)榧t、綠、藍(lán)是組成彩虹的

主要顏色。

50、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這道題需要分析判斷。最后一段說，研制出節(jié)能，廉價(jià)，美觀的白色

發(fā)光二極管是一個(gè)艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。再聯(lián)想到文章前面提到，美國(guó)的交通指示燈換上了

節(jié)能耐用的二極管，而發(fā)展中國(guó)家還都用白熾燈。那么新能源的癥結(jié)就是不廉價(jià)，

這一判斷與選項(xiàng)A相符。

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsfoster

familyinstability.Theymaintainthatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoor

husbandandwifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildrenassistance

grants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethat

expandingthesetoffamilieseligibleforfamilyassistanceplansorguaranteedincome

measureswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.If

allpoorfamiliescouldreceivewelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychange

markedly?Theunhappilymarriedcouple,inmostcases,remaintogetheroutofasenseof

economicresponsibilityfbrtheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,or

becauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Theformation,maintenance,and

dissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepartafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthe

benefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.The

majorbenefitgeneratedbythecreationofafamilyistheexpansionofthesetof

consumptionpossibilities.Thebenefitsfromsuchapartnershipdependlargelyonthe

relativedissimilarityoftheresourcesorbasicendowmentseachpartnerbringstothe

marriage.Personswithsimilarproductivecapacitieshavelesseconomic"cement"

holdingtheirmarriagetogether.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionsociety

regardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalbuttresseshasevolvedtoreinforce

marriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbe

explainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,e.g.divisionof

property,alimony,childsupport,andthesocialstigmaattachedtodivorce.Marital

stabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamily

consumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthe

marriagepartnerssocialeconomicgroup.ExpectedAFDCincomeexertspressureson

familyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaform

ofgovernmentsubsidizedalimonypayments,itreducestheinstitutionalcostsof

separationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfare

opportunitiesarcasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,

butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfrom

coverage.Rather,welfareinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththe

benefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsdisruptionbyprovidingasystemofgovernment

subsidizedalimonypayments.

51、SomecriticizethecuiTentwelfareregulationsbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：一些人批評(píng)現(xiàn)行的福利條例，因?yàn)檫@些條例促成了家庭的解體。答案

的依據(jù)是本文開頭的兩句。這兩句的意思是，許多批評(píng)現(xiàn)行福利制度的人認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)

行的福利條例促成了家庭關(guān)系的不穩(wěn)定。由于這些條例把大多數(shù)由貧困夫妻組成的

家庭排除在外，沒有讓池們享受為需要扶養(yǎng)的孩子所提供的津貼，因而導(dǎo)致了家庭

的解體。

52、Accordingtothispassage,familystabilitydependson.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)這篇夕豆文，家庭的穩(wěn)定取決于婚姻的益處和婚姻的成本之間相對(duì)

的平衡。作者在第二段第一句中明確指出了婚姻穩(wěn)定的因素：與實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭消費(fèi)和產(chǎn)

出平衡的成本有關(guān)。

53、Allofthefollowingarementionedbytheauthorasfactorstendingtoperpetuatea

marriageEXCEPT.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。作者在第一段最后一句提到了A(thcstigmaattchcd

todivorce),C(thecostofalimonyandchildsupport)#D(thelossofpropertyupon

divorce),它們均是使婚姻持久的因素，沒有提到B。

54、Theauthorarguesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段的“theformation…”得知，作者認(rèn)為婚姻家庭的穩(wěn)定與婚

姻的獲益和成本間的平衡有關(guān)。而最后一段末句指出公共福利的資助既降低了婚姻

的獲益，也減少了其解體的成本，因而導(dǎo)致了由于福利引起的婚姻的不穩(wěn)定；

55、Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者在文中理性而又客觀地分析了造成家庭婚姻解體的諸多因素，故

選B。

Anthropologists,psychologistsandothershavebegunseekingtherootsofambitionin

family,culture,gender,genesandmore.Theyhavebynomeansthrownthecurtainall

thewayback,buttheyhavebeguntopartit.Ifhumansarcanambitiousspecies,it'sclear

we'renottheonlyone.Manyanimalsareknowntosignaltheirambitioustendencies

almostfrombirth.Evenbeforewolfpupsareweaned,theybeginsortingthemselvesout

intoalphasandalltheothers.Thealphasarequicker,morecurious,greedierforspace,

milk.Mom—andtheystaythatwayforlife.Alphawolveswanderwidely,bree