考博英語模擬試卷241

考博英語模擬試卷241

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

I、HowardJohnsonabetterbrandoficecreamandanewwaytosellit.

A^cameupwith

B、cameto

C、cameacross

D、cameoff

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說找到一個(gè)牌子更好的冰淇淋。A項(xiàng)comeupwith，?找

到,提出“符合題意,如：Hecouldn'tcomeupw汕ananswer.（他答不上來。）其他

三項(xiàng)cometo“共計(jì)”，comeacross”偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)"，comeof廣脫落”都不正確。

2、Theofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsome

physicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

A^implementation

B、manifestation

C^demonstration

D^expedition

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：manifestation意為“表現(xiàn)（形式）”,如：Hissmilewasamanifestationof

joy.（他的微笑是他高興的一種表現(xiàn)。implementation意為“執(zhí)行"。demonstration

意為”展示，示范“，如：ademonstrationofanewcar（新汽車的示范表演）。

expedition意為"（為特定目的而作的）旅行,探險(xiǎn)”，如：goonanexpeditiontothe

Antarctic（南極探險(xiǎn)）。

3、Hehadbeentoappearincourtonchargesofincitementoflawbreaking

A、illuminated

B、summoned

C、prevailed

D、trailed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：ilhiniinalc照亮,闡明;suinmun召喚,傳喚;prevail

流行,盛行；trail拖，拽。

4、Theaccusedmanhisinnocencebyprovingthathewasaboardwhenthe

murderwascommitted.

A、found

B>founded

C^ignored

D^established

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是一道詞義辨析題，found含義為“（End的過去式）找到"，

founded含義為“（found的過去式）建立“；ignored含義為“忽視“；established含義為

“確立，證實(shí)”。根據(jù)句意，D最合適。

5、Inthislandofplenty,wemustbeashamedoftheandsufferingthatstill

existsintheslumareas.

A、poverty

B、misery

C、filth

D、anguish

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（poverty貧窮）。句意為：在這個(gè)富庶的國度里，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對貧困以及

貧民窟里依然有在的苦難感到羞愧。B.misery痛苦，悲慘，苦難；C.fillh污

穢：D.anguish極度的痛苦,苦惱。

6^Youcanyourstorybyleavingoutsomeunimportantdetails.

A、abridge

B、rewrite

C^reveal

D、change

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:abridge節(jié)略；rewrite重寫；reveal展現(xiàn)；change改變。根據(jù)句意,A

最合適。

7^Thenoneofstudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeingof

everythingtheydo.

A、emotional

optimistic

C^interested

D、critical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：選項(xiàng)“emotional情緒的，情感的；optimistic樂觀的；interested感興趣

的'’都不對，只有“critical批評的，苛刻的”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8、IndiaistoChina.

A、contagious

B、contiguous

C、contingent

D、contentious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、Jacktothemanagerforthemistakeshehadmade.

A、excused

B、pardoned

C、forgave

D^apologized

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：D項(xiàng)apologized,表示“向某人道歉...”，為正確答案。

10、Thiswatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket

A、superior

B、advantageous

C^super

D、beneficial

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：木題考查比較的特殊用法u“besuperiorto優(yōu)越于...，

II、Iarriveatnineo'clock,teachuntiltwelvethirtyandthenhaveameal;thatismy

morning.

A、habit

custom

C、practice

D、routine

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、Smailchildrencannotthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Itisourduty

toteachthem.

A、appreciate

B、enjoy

C^acknowledge

D、confess

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:appreciate鑒別，正確評價(jià);enjoy享受，喜愛;acknowledge承認(rèn),

答謝，報(bào)償；confess承認(rèn)，坦白，懺悔。

13、Theappearanceoftheusedcaris,it'smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

A、descriptive

B、indicative

C、deceptive

D、impressive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：descriptive描述的，敘述的；indicative指示的，預(yù)示的；deceptive欺

騙性impressive令人印象深刻的。

14、Drivestraightahead.andthenyouwillseeatotheShanghai-Nanjing

Expressway.

A、sign

B、mark

C、signal

D、board

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:各項(xiàng)的意思是：sign”記號(hào),手勢”；mark”標(biāo)志,痕跡”;signal”信

號(hào)，暗號(hào)"；board”（供作特殊用途的）木材，餐桌”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選擇A。

15、Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystem

willtheeconomy.

A、knockdown

B、dragdown

C^settledown

D、putdown

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：dragdown把...拖垮，身體垮掉。knockdown拆散，拆毀，撞倒°

settledown安頓下來。putdown鎮(zhèn)壓,壓制。

16、Thefullofchangesincomputertechnologywillbefeltwithinthenextfew

years.

A^affect

B、impact

C、action

D、importance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：affect影響；impact沖擊，影響；action作用；importance重要性，

17>Itwouldthenbereplacedbyaninterimgovernment,whichwouldbe

replacedbyapermanentgovernmentafterfourmonths.

A、instep

B、inturn

CNinpractice

D、inhaste

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子意思為“它會(huì)被一個(gè)過渡政府所取代，而這個(gè)過渡政府在四個(gè)月

后又會(huì)被一個(gè)永久性的政府所取代“。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來講，逗號(hào)后面是一個(gè)非限制性定

語從句，which是先行詞，指代前面的aninterimgovernmenl。也就是說，前面提

到的事情(replacedby...)同樣會(huì)發(fā)生在后面提到的事物身上。據(jù)此，應(yīng)當(dāng)用in

turn,即“轉(zhuǎn)而,又做同樣的事"。如:HefoundthatRosehadtoldJack'ssister,and

sheinturnhadtoldJack.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)Rose告訴了Jack的姐姐，而Jack的姐姐又告訴

\Jacko)instep意為“逐步地"；inpractice意為“實(shí)際上,在實(shí)踐中“；inhaste意為

“匆忙地，草率地

18、Thesecretarywantstoallthefileclerkstomakepreparationsforthecompany

Christmasparty.

A、enlighten

B、enlist

C、enable

D、enclose

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說秘書想征召所有的檔案管理員為公司圣誕晚會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。B項(xiàng)

enlist”征募，征召"符合題意，其他三項(xiàng)enlighten"啟發(fā)"；enable"使能夠"；enclose"

裝入”都不正確。

19、Ajudgewhoislenieniwillnotpunishpeopleseverely.

A^merciful

loose

C、sincere

D^lunatic

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：merciful意為“仁慈的"；loose意為“寬松的"；sincere意為“真誠的”：

lunatic意為“瘋狂的"。從notpunishpeopleseverely中可以判斷這是一位仁慈的法

官，故正確答案為A。

20、Theirconfidenceinhimwasgreatlybyhisprolongedhesitationbefore

takinganyaction.

A、appreciated

B、confirmed

C^weakened

D、cherished

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：weaken意為“使...虛弱，削弱”,符合本題題意,如:Theillness

weakenedherheart.疾病使她的心臟衰竭。A.appreciate則作“欣賞，感謝”講，

如：I'dappreciateitifyouwouldturnoutthelights.勞駕你把燈關(guān)上。B.confirm

意為“加強(qiáng)，使...更堅(jiān)定，證實(shí)“，：Iamconfirmedinmybelief.我的信仰更

加堅(jiān)定了。D.cherish作“愛護(hù),抱有，懷有“講，如:Hecherishedthememoryof

hisdeadwife.他念念不忘亡妻。

21、Inthatcountry,guestslendtofeeltheyarenothighlyiftheinvitationtoa

dinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.

A^admired

B、regarded

C、expected

D、worshiped

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說左那個(gè)國家，如果邀請去參加晚宴只是在宴會(huì)日期的前三或

四天，客人就會(huì)趨向于感到?jīng)]有被高度地重視。B項(xiàng)“regardvt.尊重，重視；看

待，把...看作，對待(as)(如shealwaysregardsherparents'wishes；regardsb.asa

fool；regarditasnecessary；regardthequestionashavingbeensettled)^,符合題意。

其他三項(xiàng)中，admirevt.“欽佩，贊賞，羨慕"；expectvt."預(yù)料；等待，期待”；

worships.“崇拜，崇敬”，都與題意不符。

22、ThereislittlelearninginvolvedwhenoneisreDrimandedtwoorthreemonthsafter

thedeed.

A^recommended

B、reproached

C、recompensed

D、reversed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、Whenherealizedthetruenatureoftheproposal,heallcommunicationwith

thegroup.

A、convert

reverted

C、severed

D、make

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:severcommunicationwilh切斷與...的聯(lián)系;convert轉(zhuǎn)變;revert0

復(fù)。

24>Ifwcdon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,theWholeglobewill

be.

A、empowered

B、punished

C、polluted

D、annihilated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說如果我們不停止擺弄那些致命的核武器，整個(gè)地球?qū)?huì)被摧

毀。D項(xiàng)annihilated”消滅,消除'’符合題意，如：Thenavalforcewasannihilated

duringtheattack.在這次襲擊中海軍被徹底消滅了c其他三項(xiàng)中，empowered的意

思是“授權(quán)予，使能夠“，punished的意思是“懲罰，處罰,'，polluted的意思是“弄

臟，污染”，都與題意不符。

25、Withitsanti-terrorismcampaigntakingoveranythingelse,thegovernment

isextendingitsjobandrunninginmoreaffairs.

A、superiority

B、priority

C^majority

D、polarity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

26、Thehostessthemaidthetablefordinnerwhilewearrivedaftera

three-hourdrivefromthetown.

A、told,tomake

B、wastelling,todo

C^told,tolay

D、wastelling,toset

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：⑹1sb.todosth.的意思是“叫某人去做某事”；表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)

正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。

27、Wecannotbethechoicesthatourchildrenaregoingtomake,eventhough

wehavecontributedtothosechoices.

A、subjectto

B、susceptibleto

C、accountablefor

D、crazyabout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：besubjectto使服從，使遭受。besusceptibleto敏感。be

accountablefor負(fù)責(zé)。crazyabout狂熱，熱衷。

28、Unfortunatelynotallofusobtainourjustinthislife.

A^demands

B、gains

C、deserts

D、wins

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：demand要求；gain增加，獲利；deserts應(yīng)

得的賞罰，功勞；win獲勝，贏。句意是，遺憾的是，生活中，并不是所有的人都

能夠得到應(yīng)得的回報(bào)。

29、Britainhasthehighestofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforevery

mileofroad.

A^popularity

B、prosperity

C、intensity

D、density

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子大意為：英國是世界上公路交通——最大的國家。將各選項(xiàng)代

人,只有density“密度”符合題意，因此本題選D。

30、AlthoughmostuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesareonasemestersystemwhich

offersclassesinthefallandspringsomeschoolsaquartersystemcomprisedof

spring,fall,winter,andsummerquarters.

A、manipulate

B>stipulate

C、regulate

D、observe

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子大意為：盡管美國大部分大學(xué)的課程分為秋冬兩季，一些學(xué)校卻

管理著四季課程的系統(tǒng)。在給出的選項(xiàng)中：manipulate“利用"；stipulate“規(guī)定”；

regulate"管理''；observe"遵守所以，正確答案是C。

二、閱讀理解（本題共727題，每題7.0分，共727

分。）

Theuseofheatpumpshasbeenheldbacklargelybyskepticismaboutadvertisers'claims

thatheatpumpscanprovideasmanyastwounitsofthermalenergyforeachunitof

electricalenergyused,thusapparentlycontradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation.

Heatpumpscirculateafluidrefrigerantthatcyclesalternativelyfromitsliquidphaseto

itsvapourphaseinaclosedloop.Therefrigerant,starlingasalow-temperature,low-

pressurevapor,entersacompressordrivenbyanelectricmotor.Therefrigerantleaves

thecompressorasahot,densevapourandflowsthroughaheatexchangercalledthe

condenser,whichtransfersheatfromtherefrigeranttoabodyofair.Nowthe

refrigerant,asahigh-pressure,cooledliquid,confrontsaflowrestrictionwhichcausesthe

pressuretodrop.Asthepressurefalls,therefrigerantexpandsandpartiallyvaporizes,

becomingchilled.Itthenpassesthroughasecondheatexchanger,theevaporator,which

transfersheatfromtheairtotherefrigerant,reducingthetemperatureofthissecondbody

ofair.Ofthetwoheatexchangers,oneislocatedinside,andtheotheroneoutsidethe

house,soeachisincontactwithadifferentbodyair:roomairandoutsideair,

respectively.Theflowdirectionofrefrigerantthroughaheatpumpiscontrolledby

valves.Whentherefrigerantflowisreversed,theheatexchangersswitchfunction.This

flow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatpumpseithertoheatorcoolroomair.Now,ifunder

certainconditionsaheatpumpputsoutmorethermalenergythanitconsumesin

electricalenergy,hasthelawofenergyconservationbeenchallenged?No,noteven

remotely:theadditionalinputofthermalenergyintothecirculatingrefrigerantviathe

evaporatoraccountsforthedifferenceintheenergyequation.Unfortunately,thereisone

realproblem.Theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpdecreasesastheoutdoortemperature

falls.Thedropincapacityiscausedbythelesseningamountofrefrigerantmassmoved

throughthecompressoraionetime.Thehealingcapacityisproportionaltothismass

flowrate:thelessthemassofrefrigerantbeingcompressed,thelessthethermalloadit

cantransferthroughtheheat-pumpcycle.Thevolumeflowrateofrefrigerantvapor

throughthesinglcspccdrotarycompressorusedinheatpumpsisapproximatelyconstant.

Butcoldrefrigerantvaporenteringacompressorisatlowerpressurethanwarmervapor.

Therefore,themassofcoldrefrigerant—andthusthethermalenergyitcarriesislessif

therefrigerantvaporwerewarmerbeIorecompression.Here,then,liesagenuine

drawbackofheatpumps:inextremelycoldclimatesheatisneeded—heatpumpsareleast

abletosupplyenoughheat.(441words)

31、Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段提出的是熱泵功能廣告違背了能量守恒定律，第二段和第三段

描述的是熱泵運(yùn)作的原理，第四段從假設(shè)條件來證明熱泵是遵循能量守恒定律的，

第五段和第六段講的是熱泵的缺陷。C項(xiàng)包括了這幾方面的內(nèi)容。

32、Theauthorresolvesihequestionofwhetherheatpumpsruncountertotheprinciple

ofenergyconservationby.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在第一段最后，作者提出熱泵廣告違反了能量守恒定律，然后在第二

段到第四段詳細(xì)敘述了熱泵的工作原理，從而使大眾弄清熱泵與能量守恒定律之間

的關(guān)系，故選A。

33、Iftheauthor'sassessmentoftheuseofheatpumpsiscorrect,whichofthefollowing

bestexpressesthelessonthatadvertisersshouldlearnfromthiscase?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章一開頭就說“人們不再使用熱泵了“，這是什么原因引起的呢?作

者認(rèn)為，廣告商對熱泵使用的介紹違反了能量守恒定律，使得顧客不相信。作者認(rèn)

為廣告商要以此為戒，不要說一些令產(chǎn)品潛在的買主難以置信的事情，故選C。

34、Theroleofthe"flowrestriction"(Line6,Para.2)inaheatpumpisto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解鬲：參考文章第二段第五句。

35、Whatconclusioncanwemakebasedonthewholepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章最后的結(jié)論是“熱泵的確存在著問題，即在極度寒冷的天氣里,

人們需要熱能，熱泵所提供的熱能是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的?！?/p>

ProfessorWalterOechsleroftheUniversityofMannheim(Germany)believesthe

workplaceandworkforceinthe21stcenturywillbecharacterizedby"flexibilization.H

Oechslerseesthe"flexibilization"oftheworkplaceandworkforceleadingto"acore

groupwithunlimitedfullemployment,andanincreasinglylargergroupofshort-term

limitedand/orpart-timeemployeeswhofacesevereemploymentrisks,ultimately

resultinginstress."Unfortunately,ImustagreewithOechsler'sratherunpleasant

prediction.Increasingglobalcompetitionwillleadtoincreasingpressureandstressonall

employees.Employeeswhoareunpreparedforthenewworkplacewillfindthemselvesat

greatrisk.Oechslergoesontodescribeamajorchangeincorporatestrategy."Whereas

thetypicalcorporatestrategyoftheindustrialsocietywasuniformmassproductionwith

Tayloristicstructuresandstableemployment,thedominantstrategyforglobal

competitionisflexiblespecialization.Thestrategyofflexiblespecializationisdirected

towardcustomerneeds."Thisshiftinfocusfromfixedstandardizedproduction

schedulestoflexiblecustomizedcustomerserviceswilldramaticallyaffecttheworkplace

andworkforce.The21st-centuryemployeewillhavetobringa"flexiblespecialization"

tothe21st-centuryorganization.Twenty-firstcenturyorganizationswillonlybe

interestedinhiringemployeeswhobringaspecializationthatwillservetheflexible

needsofcusiomer/clienis.Staffpositionstosupportthesecustomer-drivenprocesseswill

stillbeavailable,butthesestaffpositions(non-corccompetencies)willconstantlybere-

evaluatedinlightofpossibleoutsourcing.Exceptforasmallgroupofcoreprofessionals,

employeeswillhavetoadoptamindsetofsellingtheirspecialcompetenciestodifferent

employers.Oechslerenvisionstheseemployeesas"entrepreneursmarketingtheirown

humanresourcesinordertomakealiving".Employabilitywillbethekey-toemployee

survival,notthestabilityofthecompany.Anotherpowerfultrendintheworkplacewill

bethetechnologicallypossible"virtualcompany."Oechslerbelievesthevirtual

companycansuppresssocialinteractionandleadtonewformsofalienation.Whatwe

knowaboutgroupdynamicsinface-to-faceinteractionswillhavetobere-examinedin

virtualinteractions.Howwillemployeesreactinthedecentralizedworkstructuresofthe

virtualcompanies?Wesimplydon'tknow.Oechslerbelieves,"Informationtechnologies

willdissolvesocialentities."IfOechsleriscorrect,whatnewentitiesandrelationships

willbecreated?Iassumethesocialaspectofourhumannaturehasn'tchanged.Oechsler

(2000)summarizeshispredictionsforthe21stcenturyworkforcebysaying,"The

employeewilltakeonmoreandsevererisksofbeingunemployed."Theworkof

organizationaleffectiveness(OE)consultantswillbedramaticallyaffectedbythese

changesinemployer-employeerelations.Thedownsizing,outsourcing,andglobal

alliancesthatbeganiograbheadlinesinthe1980swerenotsimplyfadsdrivenbyafew

greedycapitalists.Thesetrendsareindicatorsofthemorepowerfulmegatrendsof

increasingglobalcompetitionandincreasingtechnologicalsophistication.Nodoubt,

numerouspsychosocialproblemswillarisefromthesetrends.(467words)

36、Thispassageis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第一段，特別是第二行可以看出文章主要講Oechsler對21世紀(jì)的

工作地點(diǎn)和人力方面的預(yù)見。

37、WhatisNOTOcchsler'sprediction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A”未來要想找到工作，必須具備深?yuàn)W的知識(shí)”與第五和第六段所提到

的“未來需要的是有專項(xiàng)的人才、能產(chǎn)生出客戶所需產(chǎn)品的人才“不符。

38、Whatdoes"virtualcompany'*(I,ine1—2,Para.7)mean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“虛擬公適'指沒有固定的工作場所，員工可以在任何地方通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)

系和工作。

39、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章最后一段第二句。

40、WhichofthefollowingcanbestrepresentOechsler'sprediction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“21世紀(jì)的工作人員和工作場所都是穩(wěn)定不變的”，概括了Oechsler

預(yù)言的兩個(gè)方面。

Shynessisanearlyuniversalhumantrait.Almosteveryonehasboutsofit,andhalfof

thosesurveyeddescribethemselvesasshy.Perhapsbecauseit'ssowidespread,and

becauseitsuggestsvulnerability,shynessisoftenanendearingtrait:PrincessDiana,for

example,wonmillionsofadmirerswithhcr"ShyDi"manner.Thehumanspeciesmight

notevenexistifnotfbraninstinctivewarinessofothercreatures.Infact,theabilityto

senseathreatandadesiretofleearelodgedinthemostprimitiveregionsofthebrain.

Butatsomelifejuncture,roughly1ourofevery8peoplebecomessotimidthat

encounterswithothersturnintoasourceofoverwhelmingdread.Theheartraces,palms

sweat,mouthgrowsdry,wordsvanish;thoughtsbecomecluttered,andanurgetoescape

takesover.Thisisthefaceofsocialphobia(alsoknownas"socialanxietydisorder"),the

thirdmostcommonmentaldisorderintheUnitedStates,behinddepressionand

alcoholism.Somesocialphobicscanhardlyutterasentencewithoutobsessionoverthe

impressiontheyaremaking.Othersrefusetousepublicrestroomsortalkonthe

telephone.Sometimestheygomuteinfrontofthebossoramemberoftheoppositesex.

Attheextreme,theybuiltahermiticlife,avoidingcontactwithothers.Thoughsocial

anxiety'ssymptomshavebeennotedsincethetimeofHippocrates,thedisorderwasa

namelessafflictionuntilthelate1960sanddidn'tmakeitswayintopsychiatrymanuals

until1980.Asitbecamebetterknown,patientspreviouslythoughttosufferpanic

disorderwererecognizedasbeinganxiousonlyinsocialsettings.Adecadeago,40

percentofpeoplesaidtheywereshy,butintoday's"nationofstrangers"-inwhich

computersandATMsmakefacc-to-faccrelationslessandlesscommon-thatnumberis

nearing50percent.SomepsychologistsareconvincedthattheInternetculture,often

favoredbythosewhofearhumaninteraction,greasestheslopefromshynesstosocial

anxiety.Ifpeoplewereslightlyshytobeginwith,theycannowinteractlessandless,and

thatwillmaketheshynessmuchworse.

41、AccordingtoParagraph1,shynessis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

42、Theauthorsuggeststhatourabilitytosenseathreatanddesiretoflee.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

43、WhichisNOTmentionedasasignofsocialanxietydisorder?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

44、Theterm"socialanxietydisorder"wascoined.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

45、ItisshownthatthemostcommonmentaldisorderintheU.S.is.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

46NWhatisthecitedattitudeofsomepsychologiststowardstheInternetculture?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

togetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmorethan

twodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs-thesamelampshehadleft

therein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,andextremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingCountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent(6JRWeightsaswell-somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago,butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfortherapid

switchoverarcsimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers-includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-arcteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

47、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1段說，當(dāng)哈利德到達(dá)尼泊爾遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村民們

正用他留給他們的發(fā)光二極管的燈來工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

48、TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一道引中判斷題。第2段提到，村民們每晚用電4個(gè)小時(shí)，然后

用腳踏的方式來給電池充電。可以想象，在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊，這可能是最理想的

充電方式了。

49、WhatdoesIrvine-HallidaythinkofLEDs?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段接著說，發(fā)光二極管比愛迪生的白熾燈具有更大的優(yōu)越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白熾燈成為世界的主要人造光源。

50、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)。析：這是一道事實(shí)尋讀題。第3段說，10年前一位日本工程師研制出了

藍(lán)色發(fā)光二極管，這個(gè)小小的進(jìn)展具有極大的影響，因?yàn)榧t、綠、藍(lán)是組成彩虹的

主要顏色。

51、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這道題需要分析判斷。最后一段說，研制出節(jié)能，廉價(jià)，美觀的白色

發(fā)光二極管是一個(gè)艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。再聯(lián)想到文章前面提到，美國的交通指示燈換上了

節(jié)能耐用的二極管，而發(fā)展中國家還都用白熾燈。那么新能源的癥結(jié)就是不廉價(jià)，

這一判斷與選項(xiàng)A相符。

WiththeUSeconomyslowingdown,layoffsareeverywhere.Noindustryisspared.If

youenduphavingtostarover,inadditiontostartingyourjobsearch,thereareseveral

thingsyoushouldtakecareoftomakeyourtransitionasmoothone.Firstandforemost,

clearupanymisunderstandingabouthowandwhyyouleftyourlastjobwithyourex-

boss.Whetheryouleftvoluntarily,werefiredorwerelaidoffduetobudgetcutbacks,

makesureyoubothhavethesameexplanation.Agreeonjobtitlesaccordingly.Alsoask

forareferenceifyouthinkyourex-bosswillofferoneandyoutrustthatheorshewill

speakhonestlyaboutyourperformance.Youshouldhaveasourceofemergencycash

thatyoucanuseintheinterim.Don'tpanicandliquidateyourstocksandbondsjustyet,

beoptimisticinyourprospectswhilealsobemorefrugalthanusual.Youshouldsave

moneyonnothavingtodry-cleanworkclothessooftenandeatinglesstake-outlunches.

Savemoneybynoteatingoutatrestaurantsandwatchvideosratherthangoingtothe

movieseveryweekend.Makeanoteofyourjobhuntingexpenses,suchascareer

counselors'consultingleesandresumeprintingcosts,andsavethereceipts.Bynext

year'stax-filingtime,youcouldgetdeductionsonyourjob-searchexpense(unlessyou

leftajobwillinglyorwasacollegegraduatelookingforyourfirstjob).Mostcompanies

terminateyourmedicalinsurancecoverageassoonasyoustopworkingforthem.Butit

doesn'tmeanyouhavetoforgomedicalcoveragealtogether.Thereissomethingcalled

ConsolidatedOmnibusBudgetReconciliationAct(COBRA)intheUnitedStatesthat

legallyprotectsancx-cmployce'srighttostayinthecompany'shealthcareplan.

However,thecompanywillstoppayingyourpremiums,andyouwillhavetopayoutof

yourpockettheexpenses.Thisisstillagoodoptioncomparedtonohealthinsuranceat

all.Anotherimportantthingtotakecareofwhenyouchangejobsisyour401(k)

account.A401(k)istheretirementfundthatmostcompaniesoffer.It'snamedafter

section401(k)intheInternalRevenueService'spolicydocuments.Youputasidea

percentageofyourpaycheckeachpayperiod,andthemoneyaccumulatedwillbe

managedbythe401(k)fundmanageryouremployerhashiredandisinvestedinthe

stockmarket.Youcannotwithdrawmoneyfromthisaccountuntilyoureachthisage,or

youwillincurpenalties.Whenyouleaveajob,themoneycansometimesbekeptwith

yourex-employerforawhile.It'salwaysagoodideatocompareyournewemployer's

401(k)planwithyouroldone.Everycompanyoffersdifferenttypesofinvestment

options,fromoverseasstockstohightcchstocksandeverythinginbetween.Ifyoudo

wanttotransfertheaccounttoyournewemployer,youneedtogotothehuman

resourcesdepartmentandaskforformsthathelpyoumakethetransition.Don'tforgetto

askforjobleadsfromyourex-coworkers.Evenifyouareleavingforajobinanother

industry,youneverknowwhatpeopletheyhappentoknowthatcanhelpwithyourjob

search.Keepintouchwiththefriendsyouhavemadeatyouroldjob.Rememberto

anchoryourselftopeople,notinstitutions,andyouwillfindthatanytransitionismade

easier.

52、AccordingtoParagraph1,intheUnitedSlates,.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn).析：根據(jù)第一自然段，美國每個(gè)行業(yè)都發(fā)生“強(qiáng)制性裁員”。作者在第一段

的開頭說，隨著美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的滑坡，解雇員工的事無處不在，任何行業(yè)都不能幸免。

53、Theword''interim"mostprobablymeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析?：第一段提到了失業(yè)以后重新找工作是一個(gè)transition,第三段第一句

說在interim這樣一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)，你應(yīng)該有應(yīng)急的資金，所以可.以判斷interim有

transitionalperiod（過渡期）的意思。

54>What'sthepointofsavingthereceiptsofjob-searchingexpense?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：留下求職費(fèi)用的收據(jù)的意義在于在納稅時(shí)獲得費(fèi)用的減免，答案的依

據(jù)是第三段的最后兩句。

55、COBRAensuresanex-employeestayinthehealthcareplan.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：只要以往的雇員繼續(xù)付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，COBRA（統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算調(diào)節(jié)法令）保

證讓這個(gè)人不脫離保健計(jì)劃。作者在第四段說，美國有一種叫做統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算調(diào)節(jié)

法令的東西從.法律上保護(hù)以往的雇員繼續(xù)享受公司的保健計(jì)劃。然而，公司不再

付你的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，你得從口袋里掏錢交納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。

56>Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothispassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：401（k）賬戶可以從以前的雇主那里轉(zhuǎn)到新雇主那里。作者在第五段

說，如果你離職，這筆錢可以暫時(shí)存放在以前的雇主那里，把新雇主的401（k）計(jì)劃

同你舊的401（k）計(jì)劃進(jìn)行比較是個(gè)好主意。如果你想把這筆賬轉(zhuǎn)到新雇主那里

去，你需要去人力資源部門申請一些表格，以便有利于轉(zhuǎn)賬。

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations（跨國公司）,globalmarketing,new

communicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoan

unparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwas

largelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatened

byPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stopfivepublic

relationsagencieswereAmcrican-owncd.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishin

particulararcbecomingorcsophisticatedandcreative.Arecentsurveyfoundthatmore

thanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate（公司的）planning

activities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies,Itmaynotbelongbefore

LondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindinthe

globalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreof

aninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasnever