專題08-閱讀理解七選五 (解析版) 五年（2018-2022）北京高考真英語真題+兩年模擬題分項匯編詳解

專題08閱讀理解七選五序號內(nèi)容PartIPassage1-Passage5--5年真題過關(guān)PartIIPassage6-Passage28--模擬能力提升（北京各區(qū)模擬試題）PartI-5年真題過關(guān)Passage1（2022年北京）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.____35____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____36____Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____37____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.____38____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____39____This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過哪些健身的方式來讓自己有一個健康的身體?！敬鸢浮縂【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身幫助一個人過上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會忽視自己的健康。)”可知因為各種壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對我們的身體及生活的影響。G項“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項中的otherdiseases與空后的thesediseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語境。故選G項?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】根據(jù)空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(為了擁有一個健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語境。故選B項。【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定時間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時會被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時會生病，根據(jù)空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會生病這樣一種狀況，D項“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說明我們的身體會在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily這種情況，符合上下文語境。故選D項。【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(對每個人來說，花些時間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過哪些活動來進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我們的生活中有一些活動是每個人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選F項。【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個小時的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(這反過來又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會對我們的健康和健身目標(biāo)很有好處，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處，C項“Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。)”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對于我們的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選C項。Passage2（2021年北京）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是音樂對身體的好處。35.【答案】F【解析】空格后說“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音樂對心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），F(xiàn)選項Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照應(yīng)了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F選項切合題意，故選F。36.【答案】B【解析】空格后說“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，當(dāng)一個人處于痛苦中時，音樂是非常有益的），However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對音樂的負(fù)面評價，B選項Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是負(fù)面評價，因此B選項切合題意，故選B。37.【答案】D【解析】空格前說“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺前聽些輕松的音樂），D選項Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼應(yīng)，因此D選項切合題意，故選D。38.【答案】G【解析】空格前說“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在歐洲的一項研究中，參與者聽音樂，研究人員監(jiān)測他們的心率和血壓），G選項Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照應(yīng)，因此G選項切合題意，故選G。39.【答案】E【解析】空格后說“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，開著收音機(jī)還可以對一系列其他的健康問題有益，這就是音樂如此有價值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂對身體總的好處，E選項Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive講的是音樂對整體健康的影響是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E選項切合題意，故選E。Passage3（2020年北京）Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____46____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____47____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____48____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____49____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____50____Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對困難時期和提高個人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】根據(jù)上文“Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我對話是一個人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對一些事件、現(xiàn)象、人，甚至是他自己都沒有意識和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同時，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對話，開始形成對一個問題的積極的觀點)”由此可知，上文對自我對話進(jìn)行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對話，可知本句是在說明消極的自我對話對人的不良影響。后文中negativeself-talks可對應(yīng)到B選項中Negativeself-talk。故B選項“消極的自言自語會損害自信，降低自尊”符合語境，故選B。【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.(積極思考的人壽命更長，抑郁和焦慮率更低，身心更健康，死于心臟問題的風(fēng)險更低。積極的思考也有助于一個人處理問題和困難的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對人的益處，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可對應(yīng)到D選項中Positivethinking。故D選項“積極思考對身心有幾個有益的影響”符合語境，故選D?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)危機(jī)伴隨著強(qiáng)烈的情緒時，比如自然災(zāi)害，積極的思考可以為抑郁和焦慮提供一種緩沖)”可知，后文舉出的例子說明了積極思考可以讓一個人在面臨危機(jī)時，保持冷靜。故C選項“它幫助一個人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語境，故選C?！敬鸢浮縂【解析】根據(jù)上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.(積極思考的、有韌性的人傾向于把每一個問題都看作是一個挑戰(zhàn)，一個改進(jìn)的機(jī)會，或者一個個人成長的機(jī)會。相反，悲觀主義者傾向于將問題視為額外壓力的來源)可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋說明悲觀主義者在解決問題時一些性格特點。上文Pessimists可對應(yīng)到G選項中They。故G選項“他們常常在試圖解決問題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問題”符合語境，故選G?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(總之，積極思考是應(yīng)對困難時期和提高個人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。當(dāng)一個人拒絕注意到一個問題時，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系)”可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步說明一個人拒絕注意到問題的影響，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系，也不會引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適。故A選項“它也不會引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適”符合語境，故選A。Passage4（2019年北京）Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals._____46_____Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？___47___Theyfocusedonfootball，basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly，thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball.whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon，theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.______48______Inbaseball，theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample，tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal，hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate，affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold，“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”___49___Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽)，wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.___50___.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了建立一支最佳陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。46.【答案】B【解析】上文說“大多數(shù)人相信建立一個偉大團(tuán)隊的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的人個人”。下文說“公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬雇傭頂級商業(yè)人士?！痹摽粘猩蠁⑾拢彩窃谂e例，B選項“運(yùn)動隊老板花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美元吸引頂尖人才?！鼻蓄}，故選B。47.【答案】E【解析】下文說“他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結(jié)果有好有壞?！痹摽找鱿挛?，E選項“最近的幾項研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用?！鼻蓄}，故選E。48.【答案】G【解析】上文說“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場好的表現(xiàn)要求隊員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動的程度”，下文說明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G選項“這項任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球。”切題，故選G。49.【答案】D【解析】上文說了“一個球星為了個人得分，而影響團(tuán)隊的表現(xiàn)”，該空承接上文，D選項“球星顯然沒有遵守運(yùn)動員精神的基本原則”切題，故選D。50.【答案】F【解析】下文說“一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。”該空引出下文，F(xiàn)選項“建立一支最佳陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多?！鼻蓄}，故選F。Passage5（2018年北京）WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations._____51_____Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._____52_____Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.____53____Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred._____54_____Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger._____55_____However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個原因并指出如何防止憤怒爆發(fā)。【答案】F【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個主要原因：triggering（觸發(fā)）events，personalitytraits（特征），ourassessmentofsituations，下面的幾段具體分析了這三個原因與生氣的關(guān)系。故該句應(yīng)該起承上啟下的作用，故F選項（如果我們愿意用批判性的目光來評估自己的話，那么了解這些原因?qū)刂莆覀兊膽嵟?。）承上啟下，故選F。【答案】G【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。該空前面兩句提到引發(fā)憤怒的事件很多，例如：堵車，截止日期臨近，身體疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事會激發(fā)一個人的怒氣，但其他人卻不會為此而生氣的原因是由于個人的歷史和心理特征。該空承上啟下，應(yīng)當(dāng)提到某件事會使某些人生氣，但不會使別人生氣這個現(xiàn)象，故G選項（人們對這些事情的反應(yīng)不一樣，這就導(dǎo)致使一個人生氣的事情可能會讓另一個人生氣，也可能不會讓另一個人生氣。）承上啟下，故選G。【答案】E【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到：每個人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比較好強(qiáng)，氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到：而且，有時候，pre-anger并不一定是一種持久的狀態(tài)，而是一種觸發(fā)事件發(fā)生前的暫時狀態(tài)。該空承上啟下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.（擁有這些個性特征意味著憤怒之前的狀態(tài)，憤怒就在你的大腦背景中。）承上啟下，故選E?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：有時候，甚至常規(guī)性的事件也會變成pre-anger或惱怒的來源。有時候?qū)@些情況的無知和負(fù)面觀點會產(chǎn)生憤怒。該空位于段首，引出下文，故A選項（我們的對情況的態(tài)度和看法也會在我們內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生憤怒。）是本段的主題句，概括全段內(nèi)容，故選A?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：但是生氣很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸┝?，所以最好了解一下憤怒的原因來阻止它的存在。該句和上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合剩余選項可知，D選項（憤怒是一種特別強(qiáng)烈的感情，或許人們認(rèn)為他們有理由生氣。）和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。PartII-模擬能力提升（北京各區(qū)模擬試題）Passage6（2022·北京朝陽·二模）Inrecentyearstheterm“socialdistancing"hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversation.Butit’snot“social”distancebutphysicalseparationthatwearetryingtopromote.Preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.____1____Moderntechnologyhasprovideduswithmanytools.Notalltoolspromotesocialconnectionequally,however.Andoftensuchseeminglysmallchoicescanmakeabigdifferencebetweenstrengtheningstrongersocialconnectionsandgivingintogrowingsocialdistance.____2____Whenpeopleoverestimatethecostsorunderestimatethebenefitsofvoice-basedcommunication,itcancreateamisplacedbias(偏見)fortext-basedmedia.Inoneexperiment,wetestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffecttheirsenseofconnection-andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.Althoughvoice-basedinteractions(suchasphonecalls)canproducestrongerconnections,text-basedmedia(suchase-mails)areoftenpreferred.Weaskedparticipantstoconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.____3____Theygenerallyassumedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethandashingoffane-mail.Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey’drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup.Fearsaboutawkwardnesspushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating.____4____Thenwefollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.Asexpected,wefoundthatpeopledidformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Moreimportantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.Thehumanvoiceappearstoprovidebenefitsforconnection.Ourworksuggeststhatfeelingsofsocialconnectionareapparentlyfacilitatedbyone’svoiceratherthantheirkeyboard.____5____A．Sothenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercalling.B．Weagainhadparticipantsactuallyconnectusingeithere-mailorphone.C．Participantsfirstpredictedwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchinthesetwoways.D．Whentheyinteractonthephone,theyfindtheyaremoreconnectedthaninreallife.E．Thosemodesofcommunicationareperfectchoicesatthetimeofphysicaldistancing.F．Thenhowmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?G．Decisionsonhowtoconnecttendtobebasedonexpectationsofpotentialprosandconsoftheinteraction.【答案】1．F

2．G

3．C

4．B

5．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了所謂社交距離應(yīng)該是身體上保持距離，而不是沒有社會聯(lián)系。事實上，保持社會聯(lián)系對身心都有益，文章認(rèn)為電話聯(lián)系要比發(fā)郵件更能促進(jìn)關(guān)系。1．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Moderntechnologyhasprovideduswithmanytools.(現(xiàn)代技術(shù)為我們提供了許多工具。)”可知，下文介紹的是保持聯(lián)系的方式。選項F“Thenhowmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?(那么我們?nèi)绾尾拍茉诒３稚眢w距離的同時最好地與他人保持聯(lián)系呢?)”既和第一段的身體距離相呼應(yīng)，又引出下文，符合文意。故選F。2．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Whenpeopleoverestimatethecostsorunderestimatethebenefitsofvoice-basedcommunication,itcancreateamisplacedbias(偏見)fortext-basedmedia.(當(dāng)人們高估基于語音通信的成本或低估其好處時，就會對基于文本的媒體產(chǎn)生錯位的偏見。)”可知，人們會評估聯(lián)系方式的利弊。選項G“Decisionsonhowtoconnecttendtobebasedonexpectationsofpotentialprosandconsoftheinteraction.(關(guān)于如何聯(lián)系的決定往往是基于對互動的潛在利弊的預(yù)期。)”符合下文文意。故選G。3．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Weaskedparticipantstoconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.(我們要求參與者通過電子郵件或電話聯(lián)系他們最近沒有聯(lián)系過的人。)”可知，這一段提到了參與者?？蘸蟆癟heygenerallyassumedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.(他們通常認(rèn)為，通過電話交流比通過電子郵件交流更有聯(lián)系感。)”可知，空處是問參與者對這兩種交流方式的想法。選項C“Participantsfirstpredictedwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchinthesetwoways.(參與者首先預(yù)測了用這兩種方式聯(lián)系會是什么樣子。)”指出了聯(lián)系他人，承上啟下。故選C。4．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Thenwefollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.(然后我們在他們這樣做之后跟進(jìn)。)”可知，空處是讓參與者做某件事。選項B“Weagainhadparticipantsactuallyconnectusingeithere-mailorphone.(我們再次讓參與者通過電子郵件或電話聯(lián)系。)”符合下文的文意，同時和上文保持一致。故選B。5．【解析】空處為文章小結(jié)，說明文章主要內(nèi)容。本文首先提出保持社會聯(lián)系很重要，然后通過實驗告訴讀者，電話聯(lián)系要比郵件聯(lián)系有效得多。選項A“Sothenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercalling.(所以，下次你考慮如何最好地聯(lián)系時，考慮一下打電話。)”與本文主要內(nèi)容一致。故選A。Passage7（2022·北京東城·模擬預(yù)測）Weallwanttomakeagreatfirstimpression,whetherit’smeetingournewcolleaguesforthefirsttimeorgettingtoknowpeopleatasocialevent.____6____Firstdayscanbestressful:Notonlyareyoulearningtheinsandoutsofyourjobrole,butyouarealsolearningtheropesaboutofficeculture,coworkerpersonalities,andteaminteractions.____7____Whetheritcomesnaturallyornot,trytoshowfriendlinessandopennesstoeveryonewithwhomyoucrosspaths.Makeanefforttointroduceyourselftothosearoundyou,especiallythoseyouwillbeworkingcloselywithonadailybasis.Bekindtothosearoundyou,andshowarealinterestinlearningaboutyournewworkenvironment.____8________9____Whatdoesthatmean?Donotbescaredbypeoplewhohaveworkedatyourcompanylonger—goaheadandvolunteerforprojectsanddoyourbesttoshowyourbossandteammembersthatyouarenotonlyresponsible,buteagertoshowwhatyoucando.Ifthereareanyafter-workevents,besuretoattend.Somepeopleworkinacasualofficeatmosphere,whererulesareabitlaidback.Butevenifyoususpectthismightbethecaseforyournewworkplace,thefirstdayonthejobisnotthetimetofullyembracetheslack(懈怠).____10____Thatmeanskeepingyourcellphoneonvibrateorsilentandputtingitawayfortheday.Avoidallpersonalcallsandemailsduringworkhours.Anddonotsurftheinternetfornon-work-relatedtasks,evenifyounoticeothersdoingso.Asthenewbieintheoffice,it’sultimatelyyourresponsibilitytolearntheropesaboutwhat’sexpectedintermsofdress,officeculture,etc.Butonyourveryfirstday,doeverythingyoucantoshowyourbossandcolleaguesyouareavaluablepartoftheteam.A．Itisalottotakein,butnowisnotthetimetobeshy.B．Initiativeisthemostimportantthingforanewemployeetogetstarted.C．Whetherit’sfairornot,peoplemakeassumptionsbasedonphysicalpresentation.D．Youarebeingheldtoahigherstandardthanthosewhohavebeenatthecompanylonger.E．Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob,however,mayjustbethedefiningmoment.F．Instead,keepitextremelyprofessionaluntilyouhavegottenachancetowitnesstheculturefirsthand.G．Peoplewillpickuponyourgenuineness,whichwillgoalongwaytowardmakingagreatfirstimpression.【答案】6．E

7．A

8．G

9．B

10．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。文章闡述了作為辦公室的新人，第一天如何給新同事留下好的印象。同時表明在第一天上班的時候要盡量向你的老板和同事展示你是團(tuán)隊中有價值的一部分。6．【解析】文章最后一段最后一句“Butonyourveryfirstday,doeverythingyoucantoshowyourbossandcolleaguesyouareavaluablepartoftheteam.(但是在你工作的第一天，盡你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是團(tuán)隊中有價值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（onyourveryfirstday），說明文章是在闡述第一天如何給新同事留下好印象。E選項“Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob,however,mayjustbethedefiningmoment.(然而，你第一份專業(yè)工作的第一天可能就是決定性的時刻。)”中“Theveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstprofessionaljob(你第一份專業(yè)工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故選E。7．【解析】下文“Whetheritcomesnaturallyornot,trytoshowfriendlinessandopennesstoeveryonewithwhomyoucrosspaths.(不管這是否自然，試著對你遇到的每個人表現(xiàn)出友好和開放)”提到不管是否自然，要表現(xiàn)出友好和開放。A選項“Itisalottotakein,butnowisnotthetimetobeshy.(雖然有很多事情需要了解，但現(xiàn)在不是害羞的時候。)”中提到不要害羞，與下文呼應(yīng)，同時“alot”代指上文提到的“theropesaboutofficeculture,coworkerpersonalities,andteaminteractions.(辦公室文化、同事個性和團(tuán)隊互動的訣竅)”。故選A。8．【解析】上文“Bekindtothosearoundyou,andshowarealinterestinlearningaboutyournewworkenvironment.(善待你周圍的人，并表現(xiàn)出真正的興趣來了解你的新工作環(huán)境。)”提到要帶著真正的興趣來學(xué)習(xí)和了解新的工作環(huán)境。G選項“Peoplewillpickuponyourgenuineness,whichwillgoalongwaytowardmakingagreatfirstimpression.(人們會注意到你的真誠，這對留下良好的第一印象大有幫助。)”介紹了帶著真正的興趣來學(xué)習(xí)和了解新的工作環(huán)境的好處，即人們會注意到你的真誠，承接上文，符合文意。故選G。9．【解析】下文“Donotbescaredbypeoplewhohaveworkedatyourcompanylonger—goaheadandvolunteerforprojectsanddoyourbesttoshowyourbossandteammembersthatyouarenotonlyresponsible,buteagertoshowwhatyoucando.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所嚇倒，主動去做項目，盡你最大的努力向你的老板和團(tuán)隊成員展示你不僅負(fù)責(zé)，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主動去做項目（goaheadandvolunteerforprojects）。B選項“Initiativeisthemostimportantthingforanewemployeetogetstarted.(主動性對一個新員工來說是最重要的)”中“主動性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故選B。10．【解析】上午“Somepeopleworkinacasualofficeatmosphere,whererulesareabitlaidback.Butevenifyoususpectthismightbethecaseforyournewworkplace,thefirstdayonthejobisnotthetimetofullyembracetheslack(懈怠).(有些人在一種休閑的辦公室氣氛中工作，那里的